School preparatory group (with the participation of children of the middle group)
Bogomolova S.V. educator of the highest qualification category Stupino, 3rd week of January, 2017 Municipal autonomous preschool educational institution child development center - kindergarten No. 22 "Zhuravushka" Stupinsky municipal district
Project passport
- By the dominant method: cognitive research.
- By the nature of the content: child - teachers - parents.
- By the nature of the child's participation in the project: participant, performer.
- By the nature of contacts within the project: (child-child, child-parent, child-teacher).
- By the number of participants: preparatory group for school (18 children) and their parents, educators, pupils of the middle group (15 people).
- By duration: short-term (3rd week of January).
- By occupation: experimental search.
Experimentation permeates all areas of children's activity. A preschool child is a researcher in himself, showing a keen interest in various kinds of research activities, in experimentation. Experiments help to develop thinking, logic, creativity of the child, allow to visually show the connection between the living and the inanimate in nature. All researchers of experimentation identify the main feature of the cognitive activity of children: the child learns an object in the course of practical activity with it. The practical actions carried out by the child perform a cognitive, orientational-research function, creating conditions in which the content of a given object is revealed.
Joint activity topic: "What a miracle - a magnet?"
Purpose: to develop the cognitive activity of children in the process of getting to know the properties of a magnet.
Tasks:
- to expand the knowledge of children about the magnet, its properties and abilities; to acquaint with the concepts: magnet, magnetism, magnetic waves.
- develop research skills
- develop cognitive activity in the process of getting to know the properties of magnets, develop mental operations, draw conclusions, put forward hypotheses
- to educate independence, communication skills, accuracy in work, adherence to safety measures.
- develop speech activity in the process of research activities.
Identification of the problem: to determine what the magical power of a magnet consists in, and whether it can attract all objects and why?
The intended result is:
- expand children's ideas about magnet, its ability to attract objects
- to acquaint children with what objects can be attracted by a magnet; as a result of experiments to establish the importance of the properties of a magnet in everyday life and its application
- replenish the vocabulary of children with such concepts as magnet, magnetic forces, earth magnetism
- make souvenirs for parents on the refrigerator
- involve parents in the implementation of this project.
Final event: demonstration of experiments and demonstration of magnetic theater for children of the middle group.
OO integration: social and communicative development, cognitive development, speech development, artistic and aesthetic development, physical development
Methods and techniques: conversations, experiments, experiments, comparisons.
Information Technology:
Internet, presentations, watching children's educational films about magnetism: "Smeshariki" (series 31 "Magnetism" ) , "Fixies" (series 25 "Magnet" ) , "Luntik" (series 158 "Magnet" ) , "Gulliver's travels" D. Swift.
The practical significance of the project
In the process of working on this project, the children got acquainted with the magnet, learned that they attract metal objects. We learned that the power of a magnet is capable of acting through various obstacles. Conducted experiments and were able to draw conclusions from them. We got acquainted with the variety of decorative magnets that the children brought from home. The skills of research activities were formed in children, cognitive activity, independence, creativity, communication became more active.
Stage I: preparatory.
- Study of psychological and pedagogical literature on this topic.
- Selection of methodological, didactic, illustrative material for the implementation of this project.
- Development, planning of the project and methodological support to it, preparation of calendar-thematic planning of joint activities of children, teachers and parents.
- Selection of literary works on this topic for study with children.
- Compilation of abstracts of lessons of organizational and educational activities with children.
- Working with parents about conducting experiments at home.
- Enrichment of the cognitive and developmental environment with didactic games, demonstration aids, information technologies (watching educational films about magnet).
- Conducting individual consultations and conversations on the topic "Magnet and its properties" .
- Parents' questioning.
Stage II: introduction of children into a problem situation.
Educator: Guys, lately I began to notice that you really like to play with magnets attached to a magnetic board. Let's take a closer look at the magnet and its properties together with you.
A plan of joint activities is drawn up with the children.
Stage III: the main one is the implementation of the project.
OOD "Getting to Know Magnets"
Practical activities: "What objects are attracted to the magnet?"
Determination of metal objects at home.
Creating a corner "Know" .
Experience number 1 "Miracles with paper clips"
Experience number 2 "How to get out of the water dry" .
OOD application "Flower meadow" .
Examination of decorative magnets.
Acquaintance with the compass.
Rehearsal of showing magnetic theater for kids.
Acquaintance with the magnet of children of the middle group by children of the preparatory group.
Stage IV: final.
Magnetic theater show "Flower meadow"
Used Books.
- Alyabyeva E.A. Themed days and weeks in kindergarten. Planning and notes. M .: Sphere, 2005;
- Veraksa N.E., Komarova T.S., Vasil'eva M.A. Approximate basic general education program of preschool education "From birth to school" M .: Mosaic-Synthesis 2010.
- Gerbova V.V. Classes on the development of speech in the preparatory group for school in a kindergarten, M., Education, 1994.
- Kalinina R.R. Personal development training for preschoolers: classes, games, exercises. SPb, 2004;
- Kochkina N.A. Method of projects in preschool education. Methodological manual / Kochkina N.A. Mosaic-Synthesis 2012;
- I get to know the world. Children's encyclopedia. Physics. (Compiled by A.A. Leonovich; M., OOO "Publishing house AST LTD" 1998);
- "Big Book of Experiments for Preschoolers" M .: JSC "ROSMAN - PRESS" 2006
Application.
- Questionnaire for parents.
- OOD abstract.
- Parents' Guide to Successful Research Activities.
- Material for play activities.
- Material for acquainting children on the topic "Magnets are an important part of our daily life" .
- Disc with cartoons.
Annex 1
Questions for questioning parents.
- What, in your opinion, was the most important in the work done?
- What, in your opinion, was the most interesting part of the job?
- Do you need work on this topic for preschool children? Why?
- Your wishes and suggestions.
Appendix 2
Summary of organizational and educational activities
on experimental work.
Theme "Magnet and its properties"
Integration: cognitive development, social and communicative, speech, physical, artistic and aesthetic development.
Purpose: the development of the cognitive activity of children in the process of getting to know the properties of magnets.
Tasks:
introduce the concept "magnet" ;
form ideas about the properties of a magnet;
to update knowledge about the use of the properties of a magnet by a person;
to form the skills of acquiring knowledge through practical experiments, to draw conclusions, generalizations;
to develop the skills of cooperation, mutual assistance.
Guys, yesterday we drew a meadow with flowers, and today a butterfly fell on it. She liked the clearing so much that she flies from flower to flower, does not know which one to choose. How does she move around the clearing?
I'll tell you now a legend. In ancient times, on Mount Ida, a shepherd named Magnis tended sheep. He noticed that his iron-lined sandals and an iron-tipped wooden stick were sticking to the black stones that lay in abundance under his feet. The shepherd turned the stick upside down and made sure that the wood was not attracted, Magnis realized that these strange black stones do not recognize any other material than iron. The shepherd took several of these stones home and amazed his neighbors with this discovery. From the name of the shepherd, the name appeared "magnet" .
There is another explanation for the word "magnet" - by the name of the ancient city of Magnesia, where these stones were found by the ancient Greeks. Now this area is called Manisa, and magnetic stones are still found there. The pieces of stones found are called magnets or natural magnets. Over time, people learned to make magnets themselves by magnetizing pieces of iron.
The extraordinary ability of magnets to attract iron objects or stick to iron surfaces has always surprised people. Today we will take a closer look at its properties.
An experience "Does everything attract a magnet?"
Educator: What materials do you see on the table? (wood, iron, plastic, paper, cloth, rubber).
Children take one object at a time, name the material and bring a magnet to it. It is concluded that only iron objects are attracted.
An experience "Does the magnet work through other materials?"
For the experiment, a magnet, a glass beaker with water, paper clips, a sheet of paper, cloth, plastic tablets are taken.
Teacher: Can a magnet act through other materials?
Children independently conduct experiments with each material and conclude: a magnet can attract through paper, fabric, plastic.
Throw a paper clip into a glass of water, lean the magnet against the glass at the level of the paper clip, slowly move the magnet up the wall. We conclude that a magnet can act through glass and water.
A puzzle for quick wits.
Pour cereal into a bowl and bury paper clips in it. How can you collect them quickly? Several options from children: touch, sift or use the property of a magnet.
An experience "Interaction of two magnets" .
Educator: What happens if you bring two magnets to each other?
Children check by bringing magnets to each other (attracted or repelled)... The teacher explains that one end (pole) magnet is called southern (positive) and the other north (negative)... Magnets are attracted by opposite poles, and repelled by like poles. Conclusion: the magnet has two poles.
An experience "Magnets act at a distance" .
Educator: Draw a line on the paper and place a paperclip on top of it. Now slowly move the magnet to this line. Mark the distance at which the paperclip "Jump" and sticks to the magnet. We repeat this experiment with other magnets and conclude that magnets are different in strength. There is something around the magnet that acts on objects at a distance. They called it something "Magnetic field" .
An experience "Magnetic properties can be transferred to ordinary iron" .
Educator: Try hanging a paperclip from the bottom of a strong magnet. If you bring another one to it, it turns out that the upper paper clip attracts the lower one. We make a chain of such paper clips hanging on top of each other. Artificial magnetization can be easily destroyed by simply hitting the object sharply. Conclusion: the magnetic field can be created artificially.
Summarizing.
Teacher: what new have we learned today?
Children's answers: a magnet attracts iron objects, acts through paper, fabric, glass, water. Magnets act at a distance, they can attract and repel.
Teacher: where in our group can you find magnets? And at home?
Want to see what happened to the Smeshariki heroes when they found the magnet?
Cartoon show "Smeshariki. Magnetism" .
Appendix 3
FOR PARENTS
For successful pursuit of research and project activities, it is necessary to have the following prerequisites:
- the desire of the child himself;
- favorable environment;
- competent, friendly adult helper
Dear Parents!
REMEMBER: you play the role of a source of information along with others - such as books, films, the Internet, etc. The main word for parents is "HELP", but not "DO IT INSTEAD". Better then not to do it at all than to do it instead of the child. The child has the right to freely choose the source of information!
Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution
"Kindergarten of the combined type No. 24" Vasilki "
Osinovo village, Zelenodolsk municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan
Research project
"MAGIC
STONE - MAGNET "
Performed:
educator
Kumskovskaya I.E., Sovgir N.N. Children's experimentation. - M., 2003.
Dybina O. V., Rakhmanova N. P., Shchetinina V. V. Unknown nearby. - M., 2001.
Dybina O.V. What came before ... // Preschool pedagogy. No. 1, 2006.
Kiseleva A.S., Danilina T.A., Ladoga T.S., Zuikova M. B. The project method in the activities of preschool education. - M., 2004.
Big book "why" / edited by A.V. Veselova. Publishing house: CJSC "ROSMEN" 2014.
“The unknown is near. Experiments and Experiments for Preschoolers ”.
Dybina O.V., Rakhmanova N.P., Shchetinina V.V. 2010 r.
"Experimental activity of children of middle and senior preschool age". Tugusheva G.P., Chistyakova A.E. 2010
"Organization of experimental activities of children 2-7 years old." Martynova E.A., I. M. Suchkova. 2011 r.
365 Scientific Experiments. 2010 r.
Target: development of cognitive abilities of preschool children through experimentation.
Tasks:
Educational
1. To form children's ideas about a physical phenomenon - magnetism.
2. To expand the knowledge of children about the properties of a magnet, to empirically reveal its properties (to attract objects; the action of a magnet through glass, cardboard, water, cloth, cereals, wood, sand).
3. Replenish the children's dictionary with the terms: "magnetism".
Developing
1. To develop activity, curiosity, striving for an independent search for reasons, methods of action, manifestation of creative potential and manifestation of individuality.
2. To develop free communication with adults and children, the components of the oral speech of children in various forms and types of activities.
Educational
1. To develop artistic perception when getting acquainted with the artistic word on the topic "Magnet".
2. To develop skills of safe handling of objects during experiments.
3. To develop the ability of children to work together, the ability to discuss, negotiate.
Material and equipment:
Demo: a magnet in a box, paper clips large and small, a table with a tablecloth, an aquarium with water and marine life, a large ship, pictures, an easel with pictures.
Dispensing: a magnet for each child, a set of objects made of various materials: a soft toy, a wooden pencil, a plastic button, a glass cup with water, metal clips and a washer, fishing rods, containers with various cereals, paper boats, handkerchiefs, cardboard, white dressing gowns with badges and glasses.
Course of the lesson:
The teacher invites children to the group andbrings in a box with a large magnet. The box is closed.
Guys, this morning someone brought a box with a riddle to our group, try to guess what it is?
It happens small, big,
Iron is very friendly with him,
With him and the blind, of course,
Finds a needle in a haystack.
Children's answers ...
Here we have an ordinary magnet.
He keeps many secrets in himself.
Educator: - I'll tell you one oldlegend ... In ancient times, on Mount Ida, a shepherd named Magnis tending sheep. He noticed that his sandals, lined with nails and a wooden stick with an iron tip, were sticking to the black stones that were lying under his feet. The shepherd turned the stick upside down and made sure that the tree was not attracted by strange stones. He took off his sandals and saw that bare feet were not attracted either. Magnis realized that these strange stones (black in color) do not recognize any other material than iron. The shepherd took some stones, brought them to the village and greatly surprised his neighbors. From the name of the shepherd "Magnis" - the name "magnet" appeared.
But in many languages of the world, the word "magnet" simply means "loving" - this is because of its ability to attract to itself. The extraordinary ability of magnets to attract iron objects or stick to iron surfaces has always surprised people.
- « Our task is to get to know this amazing stone better. " Shows the magnet to children, lets them touch (How does it feel? Smooth, cold), determine the weight (heavy - light?), Color (dark gray), define -"A magnet is a stone, its surface is cold, smooth, has a weight and a dark gray color."
Educator invites children to the hall designed as a scientific laboratory….
Asks children a question - "Where did we come from?"
Childrenconsider materials, "equipment", offer a variant of the answer.
Educator: using a hint, leads the children to the conclusion that they are in a research institute.
Asks children who works in research institutes and what people in this profession do.
Children: scientists, researchers, conduct various experiments.
Educator: - Guys! I suggest you visit our institute and become scientists - researchers for a while.
Conducts a conversation "How to behave in a scientific laboratory." They study the rules, assign roles.
The teacher acts as a senior researcher, since he has already visited this laboratory and knows what interesting things you can do here.
Children are offered the roles of laboratory assistants (white coats, glasses, badges, with the appropriate designation).
Educator: - « Colleagues, do you think all objects are attracted by a magnet? "
Children's answers.
To check your assumptions, I suggest that all laboratory assistants go throughto the laboratory.
- "Look, what items are on your tables?"
Children list ...
1.stuffed toy
2.wood pencil
3.plastic button
4.glass beaker
5. metal clip and washer.
Experience number 1.
"I suggest that you choose those items that, in your opinion, can attract a magnet."Children carry out the task.
"How to check if you made the right choice?"Children offer a solution to the problem (using a magnet).
- "What objects were attracted by the magnet?" (Paperclip, washer).
- "And what did you not attract?" (Soft toy, wooden pencil, plastic button, glass ball).
« What conclusion can be drawn? "
Output: The magnet only attracts metal objects.
Experience No. 2. Get the snake out of the jar with a magnet.
Colleagues, look, there is a glass cup, and in it a snake made of paper clips. How to get paper clips without putting your hands in there?
Children's answers, discussion, guesses.
Let's try to get it with a magnet?
Guys, what can be the conclusion?
Children: Output: The magnet acts through the glass.
Educator: - What do you think, is it only through glass that a magnet acts?
Children's answers.
Experience number 3. Game "Fisherman".
Children use magnetic fishing rods to catch marine life from the aquarium.
At the end of the game, the following property is discussed:
"The magnet is not afraid of water, it acts through water."
Experience number 4. "Does the magnet have obstacles?"
A filled container with various substances (sand, buckwheat, corn, millet, seeds, pumpkin seeds, semolina, watermelon seeds), at the bottom of which metal objects are placed. Children dip the magnet into the container.
Conclusion: The magnet can attract and pull out objects from sand, buckwheat, millet, seeds, pumpkin seeds, semolina, watermelon seeds). The magnet is not afraid of obstacles.
Experience number 5. "Paper ships".
There are paper clips on the boat, and they are metal, which means that the magnet attracts them. I wonder if a magnet can pull boats across a thick wooden tabletop?
Conclusion: A magnet can attract and move iron objects through a thick, wooden countertop.
Experiment # 6 "Does a magnet attract iron objects through the fabric?"
Place the cloth on a paperclip.
Conclusion: A magnet can attract iron objects through fabric.
Experiment # 7 "Does a magnet attract iron objects through cardboard?"
Place the cardboard on a paper clip.
Conclusion: A magnet can attract iron objects through cardboard.
Warm up: Please help me understand which objects are attracted and which are not. You are magnets - I show an object, if it becomes magnetized - clap your hands, if not - hands behind your back.
Well done! (pictures - knife, ball, saucepan, skis, skates, plate, pencils, samovar, lock, boots, notebook, etc.)
Experience No. 7 "Smart plasticine magnet".
Millions of magnetic particles and a neodymium magnet are embedded in plasticine. Plasticine: - breaks,
Jumping
Stretches
Sucks in a neodymium magnet.
These are wonderful magnets - how much magic you can do with them.
Let's mark with an arrow on our diagram that the magnet is magnetised to itself (Easel with pictures).
Educator draws children's attention to the box with the magnet.
- Dear colleagues, today we have had a difficult but interesting day. We studied the properties of a magnet.
What are the properties
does it have a magnet?
Children call properties:
1. The magnet only attracts metal objects.
2. The magnet acts through glass, water, cardboard, cloth, thick wood, cereals, seeds, sand.
3. The magnet is not afraid of obstacles.
Asel reads a poem about a magnet:
I love the magnet for a long time.
He still beckons me
A small piece of stone
Nondescript, grayish block.
- Dear laboratory assistants, the leadership of the research institute thanks you for the work done and rewards you with sweets.
Dear colleagues, now is the time for us to return to the group and become children again.
Recently, I noticed that children began to bring magnetic toys to the group (the most popular of them is bakugan). Seeing the interest of children in magnets, I decided to familiarize them more closely with the properties of magnets and tell them more about their use. Helped in this funny games in kindergarten, lined up in a certain sequence. Classes in kindergarten on acquaintance with the properties of magnets are designed for the preparatory group.
It was necessary to carry out preliminary work and start it with the purchase of magnets. For most games, you can use the small magnets used in furniture locks. Colored pole magnets can be requested for temporary use at your local school.
Attributes for games can be made together with children in the classroom or in their free time:
- draw motorways on a sheet of A3 format,
- fold paper boats in a design class,
- cut fish according to the pattern from colored oilcloths,
- paper blanks for typewriters can be drawn or made with applique.
It is necessary to instruct children on how to work with piercing objects (needle, nail).
Now, in the educational process, teachers often use technical teaching aids, including a multimedia projector, which significantly increases the level of cognitive interest. It would be nice to accompany the presented material with clarity and when acquainting children with magnets. So that all children have the opportunity to independently complete the task, take part in experiment games, get tired less, show activity and independence, it is worth preparing attributes for each child. Depending on the preparedness and interests of the children, the lesson, the outline of which is presented below, can be divided into two parts.
Summary of a lesson in kindergarten UNUSUAL WORLD OF MAGNETS
The purpose of the kindergarten class- development of the child's cognitive activity in the process of getting to know the properties of magnets.
Objectives of the lesson in kindergarten:
- Acquaintance with the concept of "magnet".
- Formation of ideas about the properties of a magnet.
- Actualization of knowledge about the use of the properties of a magnet by a person.
- Formation of skills to acquire knowledge through practical experiments, draw conclusions, generalizations.
- Developing the skills of cooperation, mutual assistance.
Kindergarten course
1. Organizational moment
Teacher: - The extraordinary ability of magnets to attract iron objects or stick to iron surfaces has always surprised people. Today in the lesson we will go to the wonderful world of magnets and get to know their properties better.
2. Does everyone attract magnets?
Experience with various subjects
- teddy bear (or other plush toy),
- wooden pencil,
- plastic button,
- metal objects (pin, nail, paper clip, aluminum spoon, coins in denominations of 1 kopeck, 5 kopecks, 1 ruble),
- paper boat,
- small magnet.
Experience progress:
- Bring the magnet in turn to all objects.
- Put objects that are attracted to the magnet to the right side, and those that are not attracted to the left. You can give the children a "Observation Leaflet", which depicts the objects in front of the child, and offer to circle with a pencil those that are attracted by the magnet.
The result of the experience. Some metallic objects are attracted to the magnet, while non-metallic objects are not attracted by it.
Output. Magnets are pieces of iron or steel that have the ability to attract metal objects.
But the magnet only attracts certain metals, such as iron, steel and nickel. Other metals, such as aluminum, are not attracted to the magnet. Wood, plastic, paper, cloth do not react to a magnet.
Teacher: - I will tell you an old legend. In ancient times, on Mount Ida, a shepherd named Magnis tended sheep. He noticed that his iron-lined sandals and an iron-tipped wooden stick were sticking to the black stones that lay in abundance under his feet. The shepherd turned the stick upside down and made sure that the tree was not attracted by strange stones. He took off his sandals and saw that bare feet were not attracted either. Magnis realized that these strange black stones do not recognize any other material than iron. The shepherd took several of these stones home and amazed his neighbors with it. It was from the name of the shepherd that the name "magnet" appeared.
- There is another explanation of the word "magnet" - by the name of the ancient city of Magnesia, where these stones were found by the ancient Greeks. Now this area is called Manisa, and magnetic stones are still found there. The pieces of stones found are called magnets or natural magnets. Over time, people learned to make magnets themselves by magnetizing pieces of iron.
3. Does the magnet work through other materials?
Game-experience "Fishing"
Equipment (for each child or for a couple):
- a glass of water
- 5 fish made of colored oilcloth with a button-eye bent from the back side,
- small magnet.
Experience progress:
- Lower the fish into a glass of water.
- Lean the magnet against the outside of the glass at the level of the fish. After she "bites", slowly move the magnet up the side of the glass. So you need to catch all the fish.
The result of the experience. The fish follow the movement of the magnet and rise up until they come close to the surface of the water. This way they can be easily reached without getting your hands wet.
Output. The force of a magnet works both through glass and through water.
Teacher: - Due to their ability to attract objects under water, magnets are used in the construction and repair of underwater structures: with their help it is very convenient to fasten and lay a cable or keep a tool at hand.
Experience game "Paper Race"
Equipment (for each pair of children):
- a sheet of A3 cardboard with a drawn race track (two tracks), mounted on four cubes (can be attached with buttons),
- blanks for toy cars (bottom, roof) - according to the number of children,
- metal plates for each typewriter (from a furniture lock),
- scissors and tape (you can use glue and brushes),
- sticks about 30 cm long with a small magnet attached to the end with adhesive tape.
Experience progress:
- Attach metal plates to the undersides of cars with adhesive tape and glue the roofs.
- Install cars at the start.
- Place the magnets under the cardboard at the starting level where the cars are parked, and move the magnets along the contours of the road.
The result of the experience. Cars move along the track, following the movements of a magnet that children move under the cardboard. The force of the magnet, passing through the cardboard, attracts the metal plates attached to the cars, forcing them to follow the magnet.
Output. The force of the magnet acts through cardboard and paper.
Teacher: - Magnets can act through paper, so they are used, for example, to attach notes to the metal door of the refrigerator.
4. Can a magnet act on objects at a distance?
Experience game "Magnetic regatta"
Equipment (for each child or for a couple):
- a piece of foam plastic in the form of a boat,
- tailor's needle for the mast,
- colored paper for the sail (you can immediately attach the sail to the mast);
- small magnet,
- a bowl or bowl of water.
Experience progress:
- Build Styrofoam boats by attaching masts with sails.
- Let the boats float in a basin of water. Steer the boats by moving the magnet over the pelvis (without touching them).
The result of the experience. The magnet sets boats in motion, even if they do not touch them.
Output. The force of the magnet works even at a distance.
Teacher: - Due to the property of magnets to act at a distance and through solutions, they are used in chemical and medical laboratories, where sterile (very pure) substances need to be mixed. In order not to come into contact with an insufficiently sterile instrument, a small steel plate covered with sterile material is dipped into the test tube with the substance to be mixed. A magnet is located under the test tube, which, while rotating, sets the plate in motion in the test tube. Thus, the substance is mixed.
5. Do all parts of the magnet have the same strength?
Experience "Magnetic Patterns"
Equipment:
- magnets of different shapes and sizes,
- iron filings (can be obtained by grinding a nail with a file),
- plexiglass sheet (preferably with a side).
Experience progress:
- Place the magnet under the plexiglass sheet.
- Sprinkle the sheet with iron filings and tap with your fingers.
- Do the same by placing other magnets under the plexiglass.
The result of the experience. Most of the sawdust will collect at the ends of the magnets.
Output. The strength of the magnet is greater at its edges.
6. Why do two magnets sometimes repel?
Experience number 1
Equipment (for each child or for a couple):
- two small furniture magnets.
Experience progress:
- Bring two magnets to each other.
- Turn one of the magnets over and bring the magnets back to each other.
The result of the experience. In one case, the magnets attract, in the other they repel.
Teacher: - Every magnet, even the smallest, has two poles - north and south. It is customary to paint the North Pole blue, and the South Pole red.
Experience number 2
Equipment (for each child or for a couple):
- pairs of magnets of different shapes (bars or horseshoe) with colored poles.
Experience progress:
Bring the equally colored poles of the magnets closer to each other, then - the differently colored ones.
The result of the experience. Poles of the same color repel, poles of different colors attract.
Teacher: - The property of magnets to repel is used on the railways in China and Japan. Some high-speed trains do not have wheels: powerful magnets are installed inside the train and on the rails, which are turned towards each other by the same poles. Such trains practically fly over the rails and can reach tremendous speeds.
Experience "Driving"
Equipment:
- two magnets with painted poles,
- toy car,
- Scotch.
Experience progress:
- Secure one magnet with adhesive tape to the car.
- Use another magnet when moving the car.
The result of the experience. When you bring the same poles closer, the car goes forward, when different - back.
Output. Different poles of magnets attract, the same ones repel.
7. Where else are magnets used?
Teacher: - Magnets are used for the production of jewelry: necklaces and bracelets can have a magnetic fastener or be completely made of magnets (shows children some magnetic jewelry. Magnets are also used in children's toys (shows children a magnetic constructor made of balls or other toy).
8. End of class in kindergarten
Teacher: - Our lesson has come to an end. Let's remember what properties of magnets we got acquainted with.
Children: - Magnets act on objects made of certain metals. Magnetic force can pass through objects or substances. Magnets work even at a distance. The strength of the magnets is greater at the edges. Different poles of magnets attract, the same ones repel.
Teacher: - Well done, you have mastered the new material well! And so that you still have the opportunity to play and experiment with magnets, I want to leave you a magnet with which you worked today and a typewriter as a gift.
Children are very curious and, being surprised at something, are ready to find out the reasons for a miracle. Parents should take advantage of these features to start introducing a child, including a restless child, to science. Experiments and experiments are especially popular with babies. Remember that children are always interested in developing activities in the form of a game, and every parent can draw up a scenario plan.
The article contains a selection of the simplest, but informative experiments with a minimum of necessary props: you need a magnet and a few more things that can be found in absolutely any apartment. Experiments with a magnet for preschoolers can be done at home or demonstrated in nature.
At what age will a child understand the experiment with a magnet?
In general, the teachers do not make restrictions: they show both in kindergarten and at school. Kids perceive magnetism as real magic, older children, through experiments with a magnet, learn more deeply the phenomena taking place in the world around them. During the experimental lessons, curiosity develops and the child's mental activity is activated. Therefore, it is unnecessary to worry that the child will not understand the essence of the experiment. Developing cognitive interests is also a good goal of the magnet experience. And when the baby grows up to new knowledge, you can repeat the lesson and explain the reasons for the phenomena taking place.
Experience 1: what attracts a magnet
Experiments with a magnet are easy to organize. You will need some experienced materials that are easy and familiar to your baby. For example:
- handkerchief;
- paper napkin;
- pencil;
- screw;
- penny;
- a piece of foam;
- pencil, etc.
And, of course, a magnet. Invite your child to hold a magnet near each exhibit and observe.
This experience can be expanded by using products from a variety of metals: aluminum, gold, silver, nickel and iron. Through experimentation, you can explain the characteristics of metals, showing how iron differs from others.
Be sure to disassemble the results of the experiment with the magnet. Children absorb knowledge like a sponge, so do not be afraid to "load" your child with unnecessary information. It is at this age that the ability to learn and the desire to learn new things are laid.
Experience 2: "Find a treasure in the desert"
A very easy experience with a magnet for children in the form of a game. Put paper clips or other small iron objects in the container, cover them with flour or semolina. Invite your child to think about how you can get the treasure. Sift? To the touch? Or maybe it's more convenient with a magnet?
This experiment will help children understand that magnetism acts on iron objects and through other materials such as paper and glass.
Put paper clips on a piece of cardboard or wood and, moving a magnet under the material, demonstrate the movement of the iron parts. The same experience can be done with a sheet of glass. For example, on a regular glass-topped coffee table, place a few iron objects and move a magnet from the bottom.
Conclusion: a magnet can magnetize iron through paper of different densities, a thin board or glass.
By the way, the experience can be turned into another game. Make an applique on a piece of paper, for example, a flower meadow. Cut a butterfly out of colored paper, fix a paper clip on it and, moving from the back side with a magnet, "transplant" the butterfly from one flower to another.
Test 3: magnet, water and magnetic field
Experiments with water seem amazing to children. Take a glass or glass cup, lower paper clips there and start driving a magnet along the glass wall. Objects from the water will "crawl" upward following the movement of the magnet.
Another experiment is the action of a magnet at a distance. Draw on a piece of paper at varying line distances. Place a paperclip under each. Ask your child to analyze the distance the magnet acts to bring it closer to test materials.
The magnet shows its strength only at a certain distance from the object. When the distance between the object and the magnet is significant, the object is out of range. Thus, it is possible to reduce or neutralize it altogether.
This phenomenon can be shown with a coin. Tie the thread around it, glue the thread to the cardboard and place it on the table. Bring the magnet to the coin one meter away. Move the magnet closer to the coin until the coin starts to move. Measure the distance with a ruler. Move the magnet even closer so that the coin is attracted to it. Measure again. When the magnet is within the line, it attracts the coin. But when the magnet is out of line, the coin stays in place.
Thus, you can explain the concept of a magnetic field and its properties, and then show it. Usually the magnetic field is invisible, but with the help of metal shavings you can demonstrate its boundaries. Pour metal filings on a sheet of paper or glass, bring the magnet from the back - the shavings will collect in a three-dimensional pattern. This is the influence of the magnetic field, which can be noticed by applying a magnet also from the bottom of the sheet under the area occupied by sawdust on the sheet. The chips will be positioned along the lines of the field.
The magnetic field "drowns out" the sand
Another experiment on this property with sand. Dip the needle into a glass and pour some sand into it. Bring the magnet to the side of the glass - the needle does not react to the magnet. Now place the needle in a glass of water and do the same with the magnet. The needle will follow the magnet to the edge of the glass.
Explain that a magnetic field penetrates water. If the walls of the glass were made of any magnetic material, the needle would still be attracted to the magnet, but not with such force. The magnetic field would be weakened by the walls of the glass.
Test 4: a conductor magnet
A magnet can transfer properties of attraction through iron. You will need a strong magnet for this experiment. Actions are best done vertically. Hang a paperclip from the magnet and the next one to it. Ask your child to help you by attaching the "links" to the magnetic circuit.
It can be shown by almost a similar experiment that a magnetic field can be easily created artificially. Remove the magnet from the chain of paper clips, if you then bring them to each other, they will begin to attract, as if a magnet were working. This is because the atoms in an iron object, under the influence of a magnetic field, line up in the same row as in a magnet, temporarily acquiring its properties.
Test 5: compass
You can demonstrate the action of the Earth's magnetic field. This requires a compass, a needle, and a transparent dish. Explain all the steps in the experiment with the magnet.
Hold the needle on the magnet for a few minutes, then apply oil to it and dip it in a bowl of water. The needle will begin to move until it freezes in one position. Bring the compass to the plate, if the device is working properly, its arrow will show the same direction as the magnetized needle.
Tell your child that the Earth is also a magnet. And the planet's magnetic field directs the magnetic compass needle to the north.
Experimenting with a compass can be done outdoors - so exciting and even more educational. Of course, it will not be very convenient to determine the direction in this way, but it is interesting. Thus, you will demonstrate an example of the "magical" properties of familiar objects that can replace a compass during a hike.
Wonder magnet
Not only experiments with a magnet are interesting, but also a short story about it. Show your child that magnets are in many things: phones, computers, closets, etc. Magnets are used in cars, electric motors, musical equipment, toys, etc. Tell your child:
- The origin of the magnet.
- About magnets in the solar system.
- About natural and artificial magnets.
A cognitive lesson can be held before the experiments, during the experiments, or afterwards, reveal all the secrets. We will help you a little, however, our material is easy to supplement and expand.
What is a magnet?
It is a body capable of attracting iron and steel objects. It has been known for a long time, even the ancient Chinese knew about magnets more than two thousand years ago. Magnet - from the name of the region where magnetic deposits were found - Magnesia. This is in Asia Minor.
We have already said that the Earth is a magnet, add also that there is also a magnetic field in a person. Talk about people who are attracted to iron objects. There are many videos and photos with examples on the Internet. The magnetic field in a person makes his energy shell visible through special equipment.
If you told your child about the galaxy, then it will seem interesting to him that the planets in the solar system are also giant magnets.
Tell your child about the types of magnet. There are natural - deposits of magnetic ores - and artificial - created by man from or with the help of electric current.
Ustinskaya Valentina Olegovna
MADOU Combined type Kindergarten number 25
Summary of GCD using experiments with a magnet in the older group "Magic Magnet".
Purpose: Development of the child's cognitive activity in the process of getting to know the hidden properties of the magnet.
Tasks:
- To acquaint children with the concept of "magnet".
- Form an idea of the properties of a magnet.
- To update the knowledge of children about the use of the properties of a magnet by a person.
- Develop cognitive activity, curiosity when conducting experiments, the ability to draw conclusions.
- Foster good relationships with peers and adults.
Material: glove with a magnet inside, metal and plastic spoons, rubber ball, paper, demonstration magnet, metal shavings, plastic buttons, pins, hooks, boxes, fishing rods, a bowl of water, plastic fish and metal objects.
For each child: metal, plastic, rubber, wood, paper, magnets, pencil, tables for marks.
Course of the lesson
On the teacher's table there is a box with a “magic” mitten, a wooden spatula, a metal spoon, a plastic spoon, a rubber ball, and paper.
Guys! I bought a mitten in the store, but not a simple one, but a magic one. And what the magic is, I don't know! There were also various items in the box with a mitten.
What is it? (items)
But how can we make sure that the mitten is magic? (listen to the assumptions of the children)
An experience. Put on a mitten, take items in turn.
What happens to the items?
Conclusion: Metal objects do not fall when unclenched. Other items fall. The gauntlet is no longer magical.
Why? (there is something in the mitten that prevents metal objects from falling)
Invite the children to consider.
I invite you to be little explorers today.
What do you think, where does the scientist start his investigation? (from experiments, experiments) And today we will experiment and study the properties of a magnet. Examine the items and determine what materials they are made of.
What happens to these objects if you bring a magnet to them? (listen to the assumptions of the children)
An experience. Take turns to bring the magnet to the objects.
Conclusion: The magnet attracts iron objects. This is because a magnet is a piece of steel or iron that has the ability to attract iron objects.
Invite the children to mark the tables.
Phys - a minute.
Guys, I suggest you go fishing, but what do you go fishing with? (with fishing rods) And our fishing rods are not simple, instead of hooks there are magnets.
And here is our reservoir, but what do we see? (fish, nails, nuts ...)
Invite the children to catch garbage, not fish. In turn, the children clean the pond of debris.
This is how a good deed can be done with the help of a magnet!
What property of a magnet did you learn today? (magnet attracts metal)
And the magnet can also “draw”!
How do you think?
An experience. Put some iron filings on the paper and place them on a magnet.
What happened?
Conclusion: Iron filings repeated the shape of a magnet. The magnet works through the paper.
I suggest you solve this problem. You have cans of water on your tables, a paper clip at the bottom.
How to get a paperclip without getting your hands wet?
An experience. Bring the magnet to the jar.
What happened?
Conclusion: Magnetic force acts through water and glass. Therefore, we easily took out the paperclip without getting our hands wet.
Due to its ability to attract objects under water, the magnet is used in the construction of underwater structures (display of illustrations).
Guys, I really love to sew, but I have a problem, all my sewing accessories: buttons, pins, hooks - everything is mixed up in the box.
How can you quickly disassemble everything, separate metal objects from plastic ones? (with magnets)
Conduct a competition game, invite girls to collect buttons and boys to collect pins. Summarize the game.
How else does a person use a magnet in his life? (compass, tape recorder, magnetic board ...)
Lesson summary:
The magnet attracts iron.
The magnet works through the paper.
The magnet works through glass.
The magnet can quickly separate the iron from the plastic.
