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We read the lessons by syllables. We read stories and fairy tales for children by syllables. Starting with simple syllables

We read the lessons by syllables. We read stories and fairy tales for children by syllables. Starting with simple syllables

15.07.2020

If earlier children were taught to read at school, today the parents of future first-graders are required to be able to read even before entering the first grade, and the issue of learning on their own is becoming very relevant. And although they now go to school more often from the age of six, and not from the age of seven, the requirements for future first-graders have become higher: the child must know the entire alphabet, and other school institutions require full ability to read. Therefore, we, parents, teach our children to read syllables ourselves. How to teach a child to read - read in the article.

You can go the easy way and send your baby to a special preparation center for school or hire a tutor, but it is quite within the power of the parents themselves to get involved in the educational process and teach their child to read syllables.

The benefits of homework will be double - after all, the baby will not only master the letters and be able to read books on his own, but will also receive additional communication with mom or dad.

You can start teaching reading from the age of three, but if the child still cannot concentrate or does not want to study, it is better not to press, but to postpone classes a little, casually checking his readiness, introducing him to the letters while reading fairy tales, or walking, reading signs.

What you need to teach your child to read:

Primarily, buy a good primer... A good one is a primer that teaches you to read not letters, but syllables. If two verified editions, the authors Tkachenko A. N. and Zhukova N. S., they have proven themselves well.
When you start your studies, immediately try to learn not letters, but sounds.
Tell your child that vowel sounds can be pulled, chanted... Singing vowels is also a good speech therapy workout.
Do not impose classes, let the learning be in the form of a game. Therefore, prepare the appropriate materials and manuals: alphabet on magnets, cubes with letters written on them, a wall poster with letters, coloring pages with letters, loto, speaking interactive alphabet.
Children learn well through touch., therefore, each letter can be molded from plasticine or dough, laid out from sticks, sewn and stuffed with padding polyester.
Games give a good effectin which children determine which letter the word begins with. If the child already knows how to identify the letter by ear, the process of breaking the word into syllables will be easier.
Start learning syllables containing the letter "a"... When the child remembers it, substitute consonants for it in turn and learn the whole syllables at once. Change the reading one by one: "a" is a consonant, and then a consonant is "a": PA, AP, RA, AR, MA, AM, etc. Let the child understand how the rearrangement of letters affects reading.
To explain to the kid how to make a syllable, the first consonant pull to vowel... It is convenient to start this training with hissing ("sh-sh-sh-sh-a"), and when the child understands the essence, then proceed to other letters.
When the child has mastered the reading of some syllables, start writing simple words: "Ma-ma", "pa-pa", etc., and then consisting of several syllables - "za-ba-va".
Next, you can teach reading wordsconsisting of one syllable and a separate letter:
"Ma-k", "ba-k", "ba-r-zha".
To increase the child's interest represent each new letter in a playful way... Compose many words for this letter, draw it, sculpt it, etc. You can come up with a lunch menu consisting of food for this letter, glue magnetic letters with words on the refrigerator, etc.
When the reading of syllables with the letter "a" is mastered, you can introduce the baby to one more vowel - "o" or "e"... And then, in the same order as with the letter "a", reinforce: from simple syllables to complex ones.
Then you can try add simple sentences from the studied letters.
In the end introduce your child to a soft and hard sign, the letter "Y".
Reinforce the past adding syllables and words from letters-magnets.
Let the game moment be present in your activities. For example, playing school is useful. Let the child try on the role of a student, then a teacher in turn... As a student, deliberately make mistakes in words, and let the "teacher" correct them. This is within the power of a 4-5-year-old baby.
If you have difficulties in your studies, or the baby has no desire to study, postpone classes for a more convenient time.
If you do not feel at all in yourself pedagogical abilities, put the baby in the hands of specialists, where they will teach you how to read correctly, and at home you will only consolidate this knowledge with homework and games.
Trust in your little one and your success will not be far off!

Texts for reading by syllables in Ukrainian.

Texts for reading by syllables in Russian.

Watch the video - "Learning to read by syllables in Ukrainian"

Watch the video - "Learning to read by syllables in Russian"

Your kid has learned letters, is actively adding syllables and small words. It's time to move on to more complex, but interesting tasks - reading texts. But here some difficulties await parents and teachers. It is impossible to offer text cards to a preschooler without taking into account the peculiarities of age, the degree of development of the comprehension skill. How to choose reading texts for preschoolers, where to find and how to correctly print texts for reading by syllables for younger and older preschoolers, we will tell in our article.

Age features of preschoolers

Kindergartners after 5 years are very active, agile, inquisitive. They are rapidly growing up, getting smarter, developing physically and mentally.
When preparing for school, parents, teachers should pay attention to the following age characteristics of kids 4-7 years old:

The main need for kindergarteners is communication, games. Children ask many questions to adults, themselves, and peers. Learn by playing.
The leading mental function is imagination, fantasy. It helps to show creativity.
Emotions, impressions, positive experience are important for further development, desire to continue activities. A kindergartner 5-7 years old needs praise, support, lack of comparison with other children.
Cognitive processes are actively developing: attention, memory. At the age of 5-7, preschoolers can remember and analyze a large amount of information. But it should be given in dosage, trying not to overload the children's brain in one lesson.
Speech becomes more developed. At the age of 5, the baby speaks in complex sentences, can pick up several synonyms for one word, knows many poems, riddles, several fairy tales by heart.
The kindergartner wants to learn new things and learn. The kid is spurred on by curiosity, he is interested in everything new, unknown.

Consider the age and individual characteristics of preschoolers when choosing texts for reading. In this case, training sessions will be more effective.

How to work with texts

Reading poems, small stories for a preschooler is a new kind of work. The difficulty in completing the reading assignment lies in the fact that the kindergartner does not always understand the meaning of the passage. To avoid this, you need to approach the choice of material and methods of processing it correctly. Build the learning process as follows:

Match the handouts to the age of the student. For kids 4-5 years old, cards from 1-3 sentences, for older preschoolers - 4-5 sentences.
Pay attention to the number of words in the sentences. There should be few of them. Simple reading texts for preschoolers are easier to assimilate, but you can't stay at an easy level for a long time.
Move on to working with text cards after automating syllabic reading.
Read chained in a group or with adults in individual work.
Don't rush the child. At the stage of learning, reading comprehension is important, not the speed of reading and the amount of time spent.

Texts for children 4-5 years old

Young preschoolers need special suggestion cards. Reading by syllables for children under 5 years old is best accompanied by text with pictures. For example, coloring pages with comments. Coloring will be an additional task.

If we read syllables for the first time, the reading texts should consist of 1-2 sentences. Use small words, 1-2 syllables. You can prepare the cards yourself, find them online and print them.

For young learners, it is important to have a hyphen or other separator between the syllables. Choose a large, bold font for printing out reading material in syllables at 4 years old.

Learning to read syllables through working with text does not have to start after learning the entire alphabet. Find children from 5 years old to read and print out individual sentences from such words that consist of the studied letters. There are many of them in Zhukova's alphabet.
At the age of 4 to 5 years, there is no need to offer children a whole story, a book. Large volumes scare kids, distract with colorful drawings on other pages. Print only the portion you want.
Play with a passage, a poem. You can read a word separately, then a phrase, then a whole syntactic unit.
Work according to the following algorithm. First we read, then we discuss, draw, fantasize.

Tasks

After reading the texts, be sure to work through the material additionally. This is necessary for the lasting assimilation of information, the formation of the skill of meaningful reading. Offer the preschoolers the following types of passage assignments:

A short retelling.
The kindergartner must tell what he learned, what information was the main one in the text. It is advisable to use the words read, to name the names of the heroes, their actions.
Answer the questions.
Speech therapist, parent ask 1-3 simple questions about the material read.
If the toddler does not answer them, read the passage together, with the adult's comments.
Draw a picture.
We play illustrators. Children come up with a plot picture based on information received from a passage, a poem. This could be homework.
What happened next?
Offer to fantasize, come up with what could happen to the characters next.

Reading texts with pictures and assignments:

Texts for children 6-7 years old

If you are preparing reading texts for children 6-7 years old, then you can print entire paragraphs. For work, choose excerpts from fairy tales, short stories. 2-3 lessons can be worked with large pieces. Do not forget about short stories from the alphabet or ABC book.

Work through sentences in a chain, try to involve each student.
After reading the short passage for the first time, discuss the content. If you find any misunderstandings in the information, read the passage again.
If we read by syllable individually, different texts for reading by children of 7 years old should be printed on separate sheets.

Texts with tails:

In the process of growing up, the child learns important and useful skills. Reading is one of the fundamental. Psychologists recommend taking into account the individual characteristics of children. This will help to understand whether the child is ready to learn letters and whether it is time to start learning to read syllables. An individual approach is required for children of different ages.

It is important to recognize early learning readiness signals:

the child creates the illusion of reading, runs his finger over the text;
shows interest in books, can look at them for a long time;
knows all the letters and can easily name them;
he has clear speech;
the child has a large vocabulary;
it is necessary to individually approach the child with speech impairments.

Features of learning at different ages

3-4 years old

A child at this age is active and inquisitive and is able to assimilate a large amount of new information in a short period of time.

Effective learning for any skill must combine:

An interesting form of presentation, i.e. learning is best done in the form of a game. Monotony and monotony can scare off the baby and discourage the desire to learn for a long time.
Select a task depending on the individual characteristics of the baby. Even at the age of 3, the development and ability of two children can be strikingly different. It is necessary to select educational games so that they are suitable for the child and are not too difficult for him.
Monitor the reaction of the little student so that he does not overexert himself.
Consider his mood. You should not start learning if the kid is not in the mood for classes.

At 4-5 years old

The child's brain begins to actively work and process information. It is already much easier for him to structure and analyze everything that happens around him. Learning should also be carried out in the form of games, so that it is easier and more interesting for the child to learn new knowledge. A small student needs to be able to focus on classes for a long time, otherwise the result from them will be minimal.

At 5-6 years old

The child is entering a new stage of intellectual development. He begins to take an active interest in reading, because he himself wants to delve into the learning process.

The child gets more positive emotions from learning to read. The brain of the little man actively develops certain areas that are responsible for attention, helps to better structure, analyze and memorize information.

At 6-7 years old

Adults don't like doing routine things that get bored. And a child is simply contraindicated to do something boring. Classes should be fun and interesting.

This will require:

teaching material with large letters;
conduct training in the form of a game;
do not overwork the child.

Do not take into account only books, it is better to use speaking alphabet, cards, blocks and other educational material.

Classical learning at home

The right start

In order to successfully and effectively teach a child to read by syllables, it is necessary to set the right start. Psychologists and pediatricians advise to act in certain methods in order to reduce the resistance of a small student to the learning process.

Among them:

Conduct classes when the child is in a good mood and there are no signs of illness. This rule also applies to the teaching person.
At the beginning of school, the baby often experiences rapid fatigue and difficulty concentrating. It is best to shorten your class time in the first few days.
The golden rule of any learning with children is a game presentation. Thus, the child learns the necessary things in an easy and interesting way.
Studying with a child, you do not need to portray a strict teacher. This form of presentation can forever ruin his desire to acquire new knowledge.
The baby must be supported and rejoiced at his success. This will help build your child's self-confidence and ability to achieve success faster.
The more various games there are, the easier and more interesting it will be for the kid to learn to read by syllables. For children, it is also a prerequisite for timely switching from one game to another. This helps maintain the interest and attention of the little student.

Learning stages

To begin with, explain in a playful way that speech consists of sounds.
Teach a child to distinguish consonants of different hardness (soft and hard). Determine the vowel on which the stress falls.
Then the little student needs to learn how to highlight sounds in small words.
In a playful way, show the letter and pronounce its sound designation.
Then, together with the parents, add syllables.

Game forms of studying letters.

For children, the modern world offers many different methods that help teach how to read by syllables.

To teach a child to read syllables, it is recommended to start by studying the letter. It is better to buy the alphabet for children 2-3 years old, where each letter is associated with a subject

Among them:

Learning the correct pronunciation of sounds

It is better to divide the training into several stages. This will help your child learn the correct pronunciation faster.

Stage 1. Aimed at the development of organs that are involved in speech: lips, tongue, cheeks. At this stage, lighter sounds are mastered, i.e. vowels and simple consonants.
Stage 2. The child learns complex consonants. As practice shows, these are whistling and hissing sounds.
Stage 3. This stage should be given special attention, because it is one of the hardest to teach a child to pronounce correctly. At stage 3, you need to teach how to pronounce complex sounds (hissing and whistling) correctly so that the baby does not confuse them.
Stage 4. When the little student learns to pronounce complex sounds separately, the next stage begins. The child will need to learn how to separate mixing sounds, for example, [W] and [S].

Compilation of syllables and the transition to their pronunciation

Syllables can be divided into 3 types:

Consonant + vowel A... This is the easiest syllable for a child to learn. For example, syllables: MA, BA, PA, etc. He needs to explain how the syllables are composed and learn to read them correctly. Let the little reader not try to learn the syllables quickly, because the main thing is that he understands the essence and does it correctly. Over time, he will learn to do this much faster.
Consonant + other vowels. First, it is better to study a syllable with simple consonants, but a different vowel besides [A]. When he has mastered this lesson, you can move on to the next. Alternate simple consonants with complex ones (sibilants, etc.) and any vowel. For example, syllables: DI, SHA, CHE, etc.
The syllable is the opposite. When the little reader understands the essence, pediatricians recommend switching to closed syllables. Those. the syllable ends with a consonant. For example, syllables: IR, YSH, AR, etc.

Reading whole words

Learning to read by syllable is an intermediate stage, after which a difficult but interesting period begins for children - reading whole words. The fewer words fall into the child's field of vision, the easier it will be for him.

It is best to start with words that have repetitive syllables. For example, MA-MA, PA-PA, BA-BA, etc.
Further, it is easiest for children to perceive words with repetitive (uncomplicated) consonants. For example, MI-MO, etc.
Then you should choose a different combination of syllables, but with simple consonants. For example, SA-LO, KI-SA, etc.
Then it is better to pay attention to words with one complex consonant. For example, RO-SHCHA, PI-SHA, etc. Then you can select both complex consonants: CHA-SHA, etc.

With a gradual increase in difficulty, the child will be able to read even the most difficult words.

Fluency reading training

Learning to read fluently will help your child learn to read quickly. It is important to choose the text for classes according to age. It is necessary to record the initial result in order to know how successful the training is. To do this, it is enough to let the child read the text, pre-timed. At the beginning of training, do not overwork him, 1-2 minutes will be enough.

Understand the meaning.It is necessary that the child can assimilate and memorize the meaning of the text read. When the little student reads the part, you need to ask him questions and check if he understands the meaning of the text.
In search.The novice reader is encouraged to quickly find a certain word or phrase in the text (but this also depends on the child's age).
A difficult fight.Experts say that it is difficult for children to read words with several consonants in a row. You need to make a list of difficult words with consecutive consonants. It is best to practice these words every day so that the child does not lose his skill.
Tongue Twisters.Pronouncing tongue twisters helps to improve pronunciation, correctly distribute breathing, and increase reading speed.

Reading video tutorials

There are a huge number of video tutorials, both simple and intricate. It is sometimes difficult for parents to choose from such a variety what is really suitable for a child.

Video tutorials can be roughly divided:

according to the age;
by gender of the child;
by level of training (beginner, intermediate, difficult).

You should select video tutorials according to these parameters.

What are the advantages of video tutorials on teaching reading:

distance learning;
independent learning without the participation of adults;
easy accessibility;
interesting learning format;
big variety.

For successful learning, it is important to show:

persistence;
patience;
methodicalness;
attentiveness;
love and care.

Do not start exercising in a bad mood and / or feeling well. The rule applies to both the child and the parent. It is impossible to show negative emotions during training: irritability, anger, aggression. If difficulties arise in the learning process, it is better to postpone classes for a while.

Video on the topic: how to teach a child to read

Reading for preschoolers is always a new, interesting process. And this is not surprising, because they discover a whole world, previously unknown, unfamiliar.

First, children become familiar with letters and sounds, then learn to put them into words. And then the moment comes when the child tries to read on his own. For this purpose, it is impossible to immediately give the child complex texts, and even not divided into syllables. Difficulties in reading can completely discourage the desire to study further. So we will learn to read based on stories and fairy tales specially adapted for preschoolers.

Stories for children

If you do not know what texts to start with, you can buy or download and print collections of texts on our website under the general title "Reading by syllables". Such literature is specially adapted for children. This does not mean that the stories of famous writers in it are somehow changed: the selection of texts in such books is focused on preschool children, and the words in the texts are divided into syllables for reading, which greatly facilitates the learning process for the child.

On our site there are also individual texts with a special division into syllables. They can also be printed and offered to children to read.

What are the best stories for children?

Of course, these are the works of those writers who specialized in children's topics: M. Prishvin, K. Paustovsky, A. Barto, N. Nosov, Lev Kassil, S. Marshak, etc. It is not necessary to read the stories in full: for young children it will be enough choose one small passage, divide it into syllables and present it for reading.

How to instill a love of reading?

How to deal with parents with children on such texts?

You should not leave the child alone with the story if he still does not read well. This can discourage any interest in subsequent learning if the baby has difficulties, and he cannot cope with them. Sit next to your child and start reading together. It is very important for children that adults take an interest in their affairs. Along the way, ask your kid to help you and read this or that word. When you have read to the end, discuss the passage and have the child retell what he understood from the text. Do not disregard what you have read: the baby must realize that he is reading not for dad or mom, but for himself, for his own understanding.

You can download a set of cards with words.

We learn to read individual words by syllables.

Read the names of the children.

Picture puzzles with syllables.

Fairy tales

However, the best textbook for teaching children to read is fairy tales. Everyone loves them, not just children. Take first the fairy tale that the child knows well: this will make it easier for him to read, being familiar with the plot.

The most famous writers who devoted themselves to fabulous creativity are G.H. Andersen, A.S. Pushkin, C. Perrot, the brothers Grimm. Surely, when your child did not know how to read yet, he listened to the tales of these writers in your performance. And today he will read these fairy tales in syllables.

A 3-year-old girl reads by syllable:

Fairy tales for children of modern writers, for example, L. Uspensky, are perfect for reading. They sometimes more meet the needs of the time: the creatures inhabiting our technological world act in them, the devices around us come to life. And yet, do not deprive the child of the opportunity to get acquainted with the good old fairy tales, because whole generations have grown up on them.

Reading fairy tales, poems by syllable, you not only teach children, but also acquaint with the huge cultural heritage of previous eras. Reading develops in the baby curiosity, respect for the work of other people, the desire to learn new things. All this is sure to come in handy for children in adulthood. But most importantly, you will be sure that you will bring up goodness and humanity in them.

You can download a free selection of more than 35 books (fairy tales, stories, poems, simple texts and coloring books) by SYMBOLS or select individual ready-made texts for yourself below.

A little story about a squirrel.

An excerpt from the book about Winnie the Pooh and the Heel.

When the child has mastered the alphabet well, it is time to teach him how to put letters into syllables and read them. Many moms and dads are tormented by the question of how to tell him everything about sounds and syllables, how to teach him to connect letters, and then explain how to put words.

Learning Algorithm

Teaching a child to read consistently is not as easy as it might seem at first glance. This is a rather serious matter that requires patience, perseverance and some preparation of the parents themselves. There are three steps to developing reading skills:

memorizing letters and sounds denoting them;
folding letters into syllables and practical training in reading them;
folding syllables into words and practicing continuous reading.

The first step usually does not cause difficulties for children; they quickly memorize letters during the game. The next step, almost the most important and responsible, is not very easy for many children. The difficulties that arise can discourage the hunt and significantly slow down the process. Do not give up and continue systematic studies, even if the business has seriously slowed down. Encourage your child to feel more confident.

When can I start teaching my child to read?

Before starting your studies, make sure that your charming student knows the letters of the alphabet and can easily identify them. To test the skills, give the child the alphabet and ask him to name the letters. This usually takes 2-3 minutes for children. This means that it takes him 4-6 seconds to recognize one letter. Based on the simplest calculations, we can assume that it will take him 20 to 25 seconds to read a 4-letter word (“dad”, “mom”). Now imagine what it's like to read at that speed.

So knowing and identifying the letters is, of course, important, but their definition should be lightning fast. When the kid will spend 20 seconds on "disassembling" the entire alphabet, then proceed to the second stage of learning - how to teach a child to syllables.

Fundamental points:

Teaching your child sounds, not letters, will simplify the subsequent learning process. For example, not "de", "te", "me", but "D", "T", "M". Vowels should be long "ooo", "aaa". Start your practice with "A". It is easiest for children, they quickly remember and define it. Once the student is good at identifying it, move on to consonants. Then start composing the syllables "MA", "YES", "GA". As soon as you get it, start building words: "ba-ba", "ma-ma". After practicing skills with the letter "A", proceed to practice with the letter "O", then "U", "I".
If your kid is familiar with the alphabet, play with him. Show him how to collect the simple words "da-sha", "ka-sha", "li-za", "l-sa", "mouth", "house", "ko-za".
Move on to 3-hard words.
Learning in the game is the most optimal and interesting for the child.

In the learning process, actively use visual aids. Colorful pictures prepared in advance, thematic video materials can be your helpers in this difficult task.

Teaching methods

It is quite difficult to teach a baby to read on his own without relying on didactic material (for more details, see the article :). Purchase an ABC book in advance, you will need it. Now they are produced in a large assortment - there are classic ones, there are also original ones. The most interesting and practically justified are the methods of N. Zhukova and E. Bakhtina.

Zhukova's method with "running letters" looks easier to explain, and therefore more understandable to a child. We should not forget that every child is unique, his abilities are individual. What is convenient and understandable to one person does not suit the other. If the baby does not feel very confident at the stage of syllables, do not rush to move on to folding words, even the simplest ones. Such a worthless acceleration will increase his uncertainty and discourage the desire to learn to read.

Bakhtina's technique is suitable for very young children who are barely 2 years old. The author assures that children who regularly study at home using her method can read well by the age of three. According to Zhukova's ABC book, children study at school, i.e. at the age of 5-6 years.

We add and read syllables according to the method of Elena Bakhtina

The essence of the method is as follows: as soon as the kid has learned to fluently (just fluently!) Recognize letters, start teaching him to connect letters, build syllables to pronounce them. After he learns to pronounce and recognize letter combinations correctly, you need to work out their varieties.

Let's give an example. In the syllable "MA" the letters "M" and "A" met and became close friends. Now they are together and it turns out "MA". Repeat about friendship "M" + "A" \u003d "MA" during the day, consolidate the skill the next day. Learn other letter combinations in the same way. At first practice open syllables (vowel) "KA", "GA", "LA". Be sure to reinforce pronunciation by demonstrating cards (visually).

Use the same flashcards to teach your child to read. We offer you ready-made cards: consonants - blue, vowels - red. Use cards to make syllables and words to read.

Important aspects:

At the initial stage, do not use vowels with "y" in the composition "yu" \u003d "yu", "i" \u003d "ya". Do not use sibilant consonants as they are more difficult to pronounce.
Teach your child continuously - not only at home with a primer, but also during a walk. Point the "student" to signs, encourage him to find and pronounce familiar combinations, and practice with unfamiliar combinations. Then you can include in the training vowels with "y" in the composition and hissing consonants.

It is possible that this technique will not work for the baby, and he will not learn to read. In this case, try a different teaching method.

The classical technique of the author of the school primer Nadezhda Zhukova

Use Zhukova's primer to teach your child how to add syllables from letters. Start with the letters "M" and "A", because their combination is close and dear to the baby. This combination of letters is familiar almost from birth, it underlies the word "mom".

Pay attention to the kid that in the picture in the ABC book one letter runs to another, and then they connect.

Speak with him the stretched letter "mmm" and turn it into "mmaaa". In this case, the first sound is gradually reduced and becomes longer than the second. In the same way, pronounce other open letter combinations with "A", "O", "U": "YES", "KO", "TU", etc. Then proceed to the addition of very simple words that are understandable to the trainee: "PA-PA", "RU-KA", "NO-GA". Focus on articulation: stretch one sound and shorten the other. If you can make your own cards with "running" letters, then you can teach your kid to read not only with a book, but also through a game.

Important aspects:

It is very important to encourage your child to analyze the syllables he is learning. Each time ask him what letters he sees here and how many there are. Let him say and repeat over and over.
Make sure that while reading his letters do not "break" and do not "make friends", so that sounds do not turn into letters when they are connected: "yes", not "dea"; "Pa", not "pea". The child must pronounce exactly the sounds. Remind your baby that the first sound needs to be pulled and the second “cut”.
During the lesson, have the child determine by ear the number of letters (sounds) uttered by mom / dad. Ask him to name the first sound and the second. Initially, you can practice on combinations of vowels "ao", "ya", "ua".

Let us once again recall the individuality of the child. One toddler will quickly connect letters and sounds, while the other will have difficulty. Don't rush him and don't pedal the situation. Keep your classes regular. If your child is struggling with one technique, try another. It is important to choose the option that suits him.

Clinical and perinatal psychologist, graduated from the Moscow Institute of Perinatal and Reproductive Psychology and Volgograd State Medical University with a degree in clinical psychology