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⇒ "It was very scary to watch these shots, children's crying, screams, I'm afraid to even imagine what horror the passengers experienced. It is also very interesting, of course, who caused this accident to be the fault, for sure the blow was very strong, since the bus was knocked on its side, the most important thing was that there were no casualties, but there will certainly be many victims. Increasingly, accidents associated with tourist buses are shown on TV, sometimes it seems that this type of transport is the most dangerous for traveling, unlike the same aircraft."
Added - 08/08/2019
⇒ "It's terrible, I hope no one was hurt. But judging by the construction debris around the school, there is a repair going on, or this very roof is being blocked. It's only strange that the children are in the building, at least the ones who filmed everything, but perhaps the wing from which the roof flew off is closed to the public. But, unfortunately, we have already forgotten how to be surprised. Now there is such an attitude towards construction that one wonders how we are still walking around alive. It seems that there were no sensible fasteners at all, since it was not even blown away by a strong wind. I hope the contractor gets punished."
Added - 08/08/2019
⇒ "The girl in uniform in the foreground is behaving strangely. In the beginning, she seemed to even smile. Her inaction amazes me. Or simply does not know what to do or has not yet reached what needs to be done. A terrible sight. I'm surprised that even one of the passengers had the strength to shoot something. Or the person is the least affected. Probably one of the first to leave the plane. I also noticed a man with a suitcase. Did someone find time to pull out their luggage too. Or is it a passenger not from this plane?"
Added - 08/08/2019
⇒ "Such videos can only be watched at home so as not to fall into depression) Lying on the couch, listening to the sound of the waves, drinking beer or sweet cider (who cares)), you can relax and imagine yourself far away on the beach, swaying on the waves. And if you put an infinite scroll, then you can fall asleep and wake up to the sound of the waves. Why not an idea for a good rest? At the same time, the splash screen does not play a special role here, of course, more sound effects. The sound of the sea sounds very relaxing and pleasant, you can’t argue with that."
Added - 08/08/2019
⇒ "Zhenya's work is again magnificent, really strong and truthful. I watched this review with great pleasure, received a lot of impressions. As always, the review turned out to be informative and quite funny. It’s interesting to me, directors, when they create films, they don’t notice their “blunders” and mistakes at all, well, this is completely tinny. Eugene without any problems found so many errors and shortcomings. Russian cinema is in a deplorable state. Many thanks to Eugene, his work is excellent. Thanks for the lack of ads."
Added - 08/08/2019
Many people adore the beauty of the universe so much that they try in every possible way to be closer to it both in real life and in computer games. The Warframe universe provides such a chance. You, as the main character of the Tenno, surf the vastness of endless space on your ship, destroying opponents along the way, improving your combat skills and completing interesting quests that give you valuable resources. In this article, we will talk about such a resource as argon crystals and where to get them. It is worth recalling that the resource is extracted more easily in a group than alone.
What are argon crystals for?
Argon, like other resources obtained by the character during the game, is used to craft various devices: weapons, costumes, quest items. The use of argon is quite wide, but its production is very problematic. Moreover, if you put argon in your inventory, it will disappear safely in a few days.
In the real world, argon crystals also exist, but only at a temperature of -180 ° C, at a higher temperature, the crystals instantly turn into a gas. Perhaps the developers decided to make a direct reference to a real natural substance.
Where to farm argon crystals
Argon crystals are not only a rare resource, but also difficult to obtain, because they can only be found in the abyss. Fun fact: argon does not disappear in the territory of the abyss, only outside it, which already hints at the extreme climatic conditions of this location. To find out how much is left before the disappearance of argon from your inventory, you need to go to the "Components", it will display the time until the decay.
Finally
We hope that this article has helped you in your search for such a rare material as argon. It is worth recalling that the amount of the extracted substance will be much larger if you participate in a group or use amplifiers for dropping things and experience, since not everyone will like running such a long distance every time.
With crystals, or frozen polyhedrons, a person constantly encounters. At the same time, in addition to natural minerals, there are crystals grown artificially. You can grow a small crystal (for example, salt) even at home. But it is possible to create a crystal with desired properties only with the help of special equipment. This primarily concerns single crystals, which do not occur in nature. To obtain them, a number of conditions are needed, including a certain environment.
In 1892, French researcher Auguste Verneuil discovered a simple and affordable method for growing crystals using hydrogen and oxygen without a container. Using the Verneuil technology, it was possible to obtain a synthetic ruby of 20-30 carats in 2-3 hours. Since 1902, his method began to be used in the jewelry industry and instrument making, first in France and then in other countries. But the method had a number of significant drawbacks associated with the use of a redox medium to obtain crystals. First, the grown crystals were of low quality. Secondly, it was possible to work only with certain types of materials. And, finally, large losses of the final product were revealed.
However, the method of Auguste Verneuil was actively used until the early 50s. Then it was improved. It began to be used as a medium for obtaining crystals. The choice fell on this lazy gas because of its property not to enter into a chemical reaction with other substances. Three gas streams were passed through the quartz tubes of the burner. The main one was a charged flow of argon. The powder of the initial substance fell into the crystallizer on the surface of the growing crystal. Thanks to the inert atmosphere created by argon, it was possible to obtain single crystals of very high purity. In addition, the range of materials from which they could be grown has expanded significantly.
In 1916, the Polish chemist Jan Czochralski discovered a new method for growing single crystals in an argon atmosphere. Using his method, it was possible to work with large volumes of source material and obtain not only artificial gems, but also semiconductors (for example, silicon and germanium).
To grow a single crystal by the Czochralski method, a special setup is required. It consists of a furnace, a crystal pulling mechanism, an atmosphere control device, and a control box. From 12 to 30 kg of raw material can be simultaneously loaded into such an installation. Argon at atmospheric or elevated pressure enters the chamber where the molten metal is located. At the same time, the neutral environment of argon not only makes it possible to obtain high-quality material, but also reduces the intensity of its evaporation. A seed rod is then introduced into the purified melt, and an ingot of a given size is drawn out. Certain requirements are also imposed on the quality itself. It should be of the highest possible purity and contain only a negligible amount of moisture and impurities, including hydrocarbons.
Scientific thought does not stand still, therefore, no matter how good the Czochralski method was, it improved over time. In particular, O.A. Remizov and N.M. Karavaev proposed to change the argon consumption and pressure at different stages of the silicon crystal growth process. The result is an ingot of even higher purity, with a minimum carbon content.
Yu.L.Sternik and I.N.Zaitsev went even further. They came up with their own apparatus for growing single crystals, in particular sapphire, in a neutral atmosphere. In this installation, argon is needed to speed up the cooling process of an already finished crystal. It is fed into the chamber through a shut-off valve installed on the vacuum system.
And, finally, it is impossible not to mention the method of obtaining artificial crystals from the gas phase. Argon also plays an important role in this process. It is in the flow of this noble gas that the crystallization of the substance that enters the growing ingot in the form of steam occurs. This method has become widespread, since it can be used to obtain both large-mass crystals and thin plates and films.
As you can see, growing artificial crystals using argon has a lot of indisputable advantages.
Firstly, its cost is low, so it is advantageous to use argon on an industrial scale. So, to obtain 1 kg of artificial crystals, about one and a half thousand liters of argon are required. It is clear that it would be simply unprofitable to use expensive gas.
Secondly, due to inertness, it does not enter into a chemical reaction with other substances. As a result, crystals grown in an argon atmosphere will not contain foreign impurities.
Thirdly, it turns into a liquid and crystallizes at a very low temperature, so it can be used during processes that require deep cooling (down to -185 degrees).
Finally, an effective system for the chemical purification of argon has now been developed. And to obtain a high-quality single crystal, only the highest grade gas is needed.
It should be noted that one of the leading suppliers of high purity argon is DP Air Gas. Each manufacturer of artificial crystals on the territory of Ukraine, as well as in the CIS countries and the European Union, without a doubt, will find argon of the required quality among those offered by the company.
Interestingly, modern industry produces argon only in liquid and gaseous states. But it turns out that not only can it be used as a medium for obtaining synthetic crystals, but it also has the ability to form crystals, called clathrates, or crystalline hydrates. They have a cubic shape and contain 46 water molecules in their structure.
When clathrates are formed, molecules of substances that have cavities in their lattices accept molecules in them. This phenomenon was first described by the French chemist Villar in 1896, when he crystallized water in an argon atmosphere. Ar 6H2O has been studied in the most detail to date.
In 2000, Finnish scientists discovered another inclusion compound - argon hydrofluoride HArF. But scientists have not yet succeeded in achieving the stability of this hydrate.
In addition, spectral analysis gives researchers reason to believe that it is possible to obtain another compound, CU(Ar)O. It will be a combination of argon, uranium and hydrogen fluoride.
