In modern conditions of life, characterized by variability and globalization, socio-economic tension is increasing, associated with the loss of many people of awareness of their place and their values in a new life situation. This leads to an increase in anti-social, terrorist and extremist acts, the victims of which are not only those around them, but also the children of the extremists themselves.
This situation actualizes the problem of developing psychological and pedagogical technologies for resocialization of adolescents who have undergone destructive psychological influences, based on the individual and age characteristics of adolescence, the psychological microclimate, value orientations and sociocultural characteristics of the new social environment.
On the specifics of destructive psychological impact
Destructive psychological impact - manipulation of the consciousness of the individual by representatives of pseudo-religious organizations that use mind manipulation techniques to recruit and retain their members and exercise total control of the thoughts, feelings and behavior of their adherents in order to satisfy the interests of leaders or a self-sufficient group.
The consequences of manipulative influence are, first of all, internal discord, violation of personal integrity, changes in worldview and negative perception of the environment by a teenager.
According to sociologists, about 2.5 million of our fellow citizens are members of 5,000 different religious organizations. It is known that only the extremist organization of Jehovah's Witnesses, banned in Russia in 2017, has 170,000 adult members and, therefore, tens of thousands of children and adolescents. Followers of Islamist organizations of an extremist and terrorist persuasion count in Russia a comparable number of both adults and their children. Only in the Iraqi segment of ISIS, according to the latest data (August 2017, information from the Ombudsman for the Rights of the Child under the President of the Russian Federation A.Yu. Kuznetsova), 350 children were found who joined this organization of Russians (in total, up to 3.5 thousand Russians joined ISIS) ).
In their missionary work, the leaders of many religious new formations are betting on attracting children and youth, purposefully seeking to infiltrate educational organizations.
One of the basic tenets of terrorist ideology is the idea that the world is divided into groups hostile to each other, and the nation (group) to which this teenager belongs is fundamentally better than everyone else. At the same time, the belief is formed that the most effective way to resolve any conflicts and eliminate injustice is violence.
Destructive psychological influences are based on the inadequate direction of the initial socialization process. At the same time, adolescents (and often those who direct this socialization and carry out a destructive psychological effect) have significantly limited horizons and a system of knowledge about the world, ways of intergroup interaction and overcoming conflicts. The development of ethnocentrism, a negative attitude towards people of a different culture and nationality is also facilitated by the lack of real experience of interacting with people and, as a result, the inability to behave in difficult situations.
On the goals and objectives of the adolescent resocialization system
When organizing work on the creation and development of a system of resocialization of adolescents who have been subjected to the destructive psychological influence of supporters of pseudo-religious and extremist groups, terrorist ideology, first of all, one should proceed from the fact that today the issue of resocialization is on a slightly different plane than before. This is due to the fact that in the process of resocialization (as well as in the process of general socialization) latent and delayed influences are included, suggesting not only immediate, but prolonged action.
It is also necessary to carry out work on the resocialization of adolescents who have been subjected to the destructive influence of non-religious ideologies, the most dangerous of which at the moment are pro-fascist, suicidal (dangerous for the health of the group of quests, for example, the so-called "Blue Whale") and "thieves" (subculture AUE ). In addition, cases of serious harm to the health of children by members of groups practicing drug use, denial of vaccinations and deadly diseases (especially AIDS), refusal of normal nutrition (prano-eaters and radical vegans) are recorded. This is due to the fact that destructive influences of any nature have much in common and the methods of recruiting into various groups are largely identical.
The aim of the work on resocialization of adolescents at risk is to create a new motivational framework that will determine their value orientations and behavior over the course of many years.
Proceeding from this, the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising state administration in the field of education, together with local self-government bodies of municipal districts and urban districts, should organize the work of educational organizations and professional associations of teachers and ensure the solution of the following main tasks:
Creation of a system of complex psychological influence, correctional classes, monitoring of behavior and the development of value orientations, as well as external measures for tracking the behavior and contacts of adolescents;
Development of adolescents' adequate ideas about themselves and the world, flexible self-esteem and harmonious ideas about themselves;
Increase in adolescents' confidence in themselves and their future;
Formation of civic identity and socialization (resocialization) in new social groups.
Organizational measures to ensure the system of resocialization of adolescents
1. Direct and indirect identification of adolescents exposed to extremist ideology. It consists in monitoring extremist groups, families of members of extremist, cult religious formations, members of bandit formations, as well as using methods of psychological diagnostics of asocial, including extremist and terrorist attitudes. For this purpose, an appropriate diagnostic toolkit should be developed (modified). It is also necessary to determine the mechanisms for identifying problem adolescents, taking into account the regional specifics, and to develop an appropriate legal framework regulating the activities of educational organizations and professional communities with this category of children.
It is also necessary to identify persons whose behavior, views, motives indicate the possibility of committing a destructive psychological impact on adolescents. Such activities are organized only with the participation of law enforcement agencies and the provision of relevant information by them.
2. Creation of centers for psychological resocialization and psychological and pedagogical work with adolescents who have undergone destructive psychological influence, or empowering existing organizations to carry out rehabilitation activities.
Today, in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, there is a fairly extensive network of various organizations, the functions of which are related to the socialization and rehabilitation of children and adolescents. These are institutions:
Social education (educational institutions, teenage hobby clubs, sports and tourist complexes);
Social and legal protection (inspectors for child protection in the education system, offices for social and legal assistance to minors);
Psychological assistance to families and children (social and psychological centers, psychological services, helplines);
Social adaptation of adolescents (pedagogical rehabilitation centers, temporary shelters) and centers of medical, psychological and pedagogical support; rehabilitation centers, etc.
These organizations have experience in correcting the personality of a teenager, including changing negative, asocial forms of personality behavior into socially approved ones.
An effective mechanism of preventive work can be the creation on the basis of these centers of "helplines" or "hot lines" for adolescents and their parents, through which they can report cases related to manifestations of extremism and terrorism, recruitment activities, the involvement of citizens in the activities of destructive religious organizations. Or to assist in informing citizens about the existence of such "hotlines" and "hot lines" operating on the basis of internal affairs bodies, territorial antiterrorist commissions and other interested structures.
3. Determination of a set of measures to correct personal deformities due to destructive influences on the psychology of a teenager, including measures for the social, pedagogical, neuropsychiatric, physical recovery of a teenager, as well as specific forms of interaction, combining the efforts of a doctor, psychologist and teacher.
Features of the adolescent resocialization work program
As part of a set of measures to correct the personality deformities of adolescents who have undergone destructive psychological influences, the main task is to create programs of psychological and pedagogical work with these adolescents.
Such a program may include three blocks: informational, value and behavioral. The first one makes it possible to broaden the horizons of adolescents and young people in the most diverse spheres of social life. The second main block is aimed at understanding and forming common values that unite people. The third block involves the selection and use of active forms of education and upbringing, methods of socialization, which are currently represented in sufficient numbers in practical psychology.
It is necessary to work to broaden the horizons, inform adolescents about intergroup (intercultural) and interpersonal interaction, create a favorable cultural and informational environment filled with living positive images of historical and cultural heritage, through familiarization with outstanding national works of art, literature, cultural monuments, spiritual and moral values , the practice of folk art, knowledge about the features of the psychology of conflict and some aspects of personality psychology. In the psychological part of the work, it is necessary to form motivation and methods of intercultural communication, a system of universal human values that make possible mutual understanding between different people.
Considering that adolescents' own activities translate abstract knowledge into ways of interaction, into real behavior, it is necessary to provide for learning to interact with people of a different culture, through the creation of educational situations to build communication between representatives of different nations and religions, with real problems and conflict situations.
At the same time, adolescents should be given the opportunity to reflect on their own behavior, its motivation and focus. The work on the development of introspection is a good basis for the formation of productive types of coping with difficult life situations, as well as the development of self-control and self-regulation. This will make it possible to predict positive resocialization over a long period of time and during maturity.
Building a system of new contacts, including new social groups, is another component of the system of resocialization of adolescents who have undergone destructive influences. It is aimed at optimizing the consequences of the negative experience of communication of these adolescents with relatives (parents and other relatives) who took part in terrorist and extremist activities.
Based on the study of the specifics of the new social situation, various options for adapting adolescents are being designed, building relationships between family members, family value orientations and sociocultural norms and rules of behavior transmitted to adolescents, as well as family relationships with educational organizations. Taking into account the individual and age characteristics of adolescents, individual methods of self-correction, self-regulation, and self-development of adolescents are also being developed.
Programs of psychological and pedagogical work with the named category of adolescents should also include the development of diagnostic methods to determine the conditions for accompanying and resocialization of adolescents of the said risk group in their new social context (family and immediate environment), as well as programs for monitoring the behavior and psychological state of this group of adolescents.
It is also necessary to include in the information and value blocks legal educational information on responsibility for carrying out extremist and terrorist activities in order to form a civic identity in adolescents in new social groups.
In addition, guidelines should be developed for teaching staff with a description of the most effective technologies and forms of work with this category of adolescents, as well as the development of programs to prevent the further development of extremist and terrorist attitudes, value orientations and behavior.
______________________________
* (1) Methodological recommendations were prepared using materials developed by the Federal Institute for the Development of Education, federal universities, as well as the results of research carried out by the professor of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Moscow State Linguistic University" R.A. Silantiev.
* (2) Volkov E.N. The Criminal Challenge of Practical Psychology: The Phenomenon of Destructive Cults and Consciousness Control (An Introduction to the Problem) // Journal of Practical Psychologist. - 1996. - N 2. - S. 87-93.
* (3) Pronin I.P. Psychological aspects of the influence of destructive cults on the personality // http: //www.vash-psiholog.info/voprospsih/218/1816.
* (5) According to the research results of R.A. Silantieva.
Document overview
So, the goals and measures for resocialization are indicated. As a preventive work, it is envisaged to create "hotlines" or "hot lines" for adolescents and their parents, through which they can report cases related to manifestations of extremism and terrorism, recruitment activities, and the involvement of citizens in the activities of destructive religious organizations. It is advisable to form programs of psychological and pedagogical work with adolescents.
In modern life conditions, characterized by variability and globalization, socio-economic tension is increasing, associated with the loss of many people of awareness of their place and their values in the life situation. This leads to an increase in anti-social, terrorist and extremist acts, the victims of which are not only those around them, but also the children of the extremists themselves.
This situation actualizes the problem of developing technologies for resocialization of adolescents who have undergone destructive psychological impact, based on the individual age characteristics of adolescence, psychological
microclimate, value orientations and socio-cultural characteristics of the new social environment.
On the specifics of destructive psychological impact
A destructive psychological impact is the manipulation of the consciousness of an individual, carried out by representatives of pseudo-religious organizations that use consciousness manipulation techniques to recruit and retain their members, suggesting
total control of the thoughts, feelings and behavior of its adherents in order to satisfy the interests of these organizations or their leaders.
The consequences of manipulative influence are, first of all, internal discord, violation of personal integrity, changes in worldview and negative perception of the environment by a teenager.2
On the goals and objectives of the adolescent resocialization system
When organizing work on the creation and development of a system of resocialization of adolescents who have been subjected to the destructive psychological influence of supporters of pseudo-religious and extremist groups, terrorist ideology, first of all, one should proceed from the fact that today the issue of resocialization is on a slightly different plane than before. This is due to the fact that in the process of resocialization (as well as in the process of general socialization), latent and delayed influences are included, suggesting not only immediate, but prolonged action. It is also necessary to carry out work on the resocialization of adolescents who have been subjected to the destructive influence of non-religious ideologies, the most dangerous of which at the moment are pro-fascist, suicidal (dangerous for the health of the group of quests, for example, the so-called "Blue Whale") and "thieves" (subculture AUE ). In addition, cases of serious harm to the health of children by members of groups practicing drug use, denial of vaccinations and deadly diseases (especially AIDS), refusal of normal nutrition (prano-eaters and radical vegans) are recorded. This is due to the fact that destructive influences of any nature have much in common and the methods of recruiting into various groups are largely identical.
The aim of the work on resocialization of adolescents at risk is to create a new motivational framework that will determine their value orientations and behavior over the course of many years. Based on this, the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, exercising state administration in the field of education, together with local self-government bodies of municipal districts and urban districts, should organize the work of educational organizations and professional associations of teachers and ensure the solution of the following main tasks:
Creation of a system of complex psychological influence, remedial classes, monitoring of behavior and the development of value orientations, as well as external measures for tracking the behavior and contacts of adolescents;
Development of adolescents' adequate ideas about themselves and the world, flexible self-esteem and harmonious ideas about themselves;
Increase in adolescents' confidence in themselves and their future;
Formation of civic identity and socialization (resocialization) in new social groups.
Organizational measures to ensure the system of resocialization of adolescents.
1. Direct and indirect identification of adolescents exposed to extremist ideology. It consists in monitoring extremist groups, families of members of extremist, cult religious formations, members of bandit formations, as well as using methods of psychological diagnostics of asocial, including extremist and terrorist attitudes. For this purpose, an appropriate diagnostic toolkit should be developed (modified).
It is also necessary to determine the mechanisms for identifying problem adolescents, taking into account the regional specifics and to develop an appropriate regulatory and legal framework regulating the activities of educational organizations and pedagogical communities with this category of children.
It is also necessary to identify persons whose behavior, views, motives indicate the possibility of committing a destructive psychological impact on adolescents. Such activity is carried out only with the participation of law enforcement agencies and the provision of relevant information by them.
2.Creation of centers for psychological resocialization and psychological and pedagogical work with adolescents who have undergone destructive psychological influence, or empowering existing organizations to carry out rehabilitation activities.
Today in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation there is an extensive network of various organizations whose functions are related to the socialization and rehabilitation of children and adolescents. These are institutions:
Social education (educational institutions, teenage hobby clubs, sports and tourist complexes);
Social and legal protection (inspectors for child protection in the education system, offices for social and legal assistance to minors);
Social and psychological assistance to families and children (social and psychological centers, psychological services, helplines);
Social adaptation of adolescents (psychological rehabilitation centers, temporary shelters) and centers of medical, psychological and pedagogical support, rehabilitation centers, etc.
These organizations have experience in correcting the personality of a teenager, including changing negative, asocial forms of personality behavior into socially approved ones.
An effective mechanism of preventive work can be the creation on the basis of these centers of "hotlines" or "hot lines" for adolescents and their parents, through which they can report cases related to manifestations of extremism and terrorism, recruitment activities, involvement of citizens in the activities of destructive religious organizations. In addition, these centers can inform citizens about "hotlines" or "hot lines" operating on the basis of internal affairs bodies, territorial antiterrorist commissions and other interested structures.
3.Determination of a set of measures to correct personal deformities due to destructive influences on the psychology of a teenager, including measures for the social, pedagogical, neuropsychiatric and physical recovery of a teenager, as well as specific forms of interaction, combining the efforts of a doctor, psychologist and teacher.
Features of the work program for the resocialization of adolescents.
As part of a set of measures to correct the personality deformities of adolescents who have undergone destructive psychological influences, the main task is to create programs of psychological and pedagogical work with these adolescents.
Such a program may include 3 blocks: informational, value and behavioral. The first makes it possible to expand the horizons of adolescents and youth in various spheres of social life. The second is the main block, aimed at understanding and forming common values that unite people. The third block involves the selection and use of active forms of education and upbringing, methods of socialization, which are currently represented in sufficient numbers in practical psychology.
Work needed:
Expanding the horizons and awareness of adolescents about intergroup, intercultural and interpersonal interaction,
To create a favorable cultural and informational environment, filled with living positive images of the historical and cultural heritage, through familiarization with outstanding national works of literature, art, cultural monuments, spiritual and moral values, the practice of folk art;
On the acquisition and assimilation of knowledge about the features of the psychology of conflict and some aspects of personality psychology.
In the psychological part of the work, it is necessary to form motivation and methods of intercultural communication, a system of universal human values that make possible mutual understanding between different people.
Considering that adolescents' own activities translate abstract knowledge into ways of interaction, into real behavior, it is necessary to provide for learning to interact with people of a different culture through the creation of educational situations to build communication between representatives of different nations and religions, with real problems and conflict situations.
At the same time, it is necessary to give adolescents the opportunity to reflect on their own behavior, its motivation and focus. The work on the development of introspection is a good basis for the formation of productive types of coping with difficult life situations, as well as the development of self-control and self-regulation. This will make it possible to predict positive resocialization for a long time - during adolescence and maturity.
Building a system of new contacts, including new social groups, is another component of the system of resocialization of adolescents who have undergone destructive influences. It is aimed at optimizing the consequences of the negative experience of communication of these adolescents with relatives (parents and other relatives) who took part in terrorist and extremist activities.
Based on the study of the specifics of the new social situation, various options for adapting adolescents are being designed, building relationships between family members, family value orientations and socio-cultural norms and rules of behavior transmitted to adolescents, as well as family relationships with educational organizations, taking into account the individual and age characteristics of adolescents. individual methods of self-correction, self-regulation and self-development of adolescents.
Programs of psychological and pedagogical work should also include the development of diagnostic techniques to determine the conditions for accompanying and resocialization of adolescents of the specified risk group in their new social context (family and immediate environment), as well as programs for monitoring the behavior and psychological state of the said group of adolescents.
It is also necessary to include educational information on responsibility for carrying out extremist and terrorist activities in the information and value blocks in order to form a civic identity in adolescents in new social groups.
In addition, guidelines should be developed for teaching staff with a description of the most effective technologies and forms of work with this category of adolescents, as well as the development of programs to prevent the further development of extremist and terrorist attitudes, value orientations and behavior.
on the implementation of programs of psychological and pedagogical support (resocialization) of adolescents who have undergone destructive psychological influence of supporters
religious extremist and terrorist ideology
Methodological recommendations were developed in accordance with the decision of the Interdepartmental Commission on Countering Extremism in the Russian Federation (Protocol No. 29 of March 28, 2017) following the consideration of the issue "On the need to create a state system of re-socialization of adolescents who have been subjected to the destructive psychological influence of supporters of religious extremist and terrorist ideology" and on the basis of guidelines for the prevention and counter-action of extremism in the youth environment (developed by the Ministry of Sports and Tourism of Russia together with the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the Federal Security Service of Russia), in accordance with the main provisions of the National Strategy for Action in the Interests of Children for 2012-2017, with the main provisions of the Federal Law of 24.07.1998 N 124-FZ (as amended on 03.12.2011) "On basic guarantees of the rights of the child in the Russian Federation" (as amended and supplemented, effective from 01.09.2012),
The purposemethodological recommendations is to determine the strategy and tactics of psychological and pedagogical support of adolescents who have been subjected to destructive psychological influence from supporters of religious extremist and terrorist ideology.
Methodological recommendations are addressed to the heads of educational institutions, teachers, psychologists, social educators working with children of this risk group, with children in difficult life situations, are aimed at establishing the boundaries of the legal space, including the definition of extremism and extremist activity, the concept of “children in difficult life situations ”and“ socially disadvantaged family ”.
The goals, objectives, principles, methodology, content and types of psychological and pedagogical support for children and adolescents, including options for deviation behavior, are presented. The specificity of tasks and forms of work with children from families of extremist orientation has been determined. The tasks, content, methods and technologies of programs of psychological and pedagogical support, including programs for the formation of civic identity, tolerance of attitudes of consciousness and behavior, communicative competence and the ability to resist manipulative influence; prevention of stigmatization, bullying, aggression and violence in educational institutions: optimization of the type of family education and parent-child relationships in the direction of trust, emotional closeness and mutual understanding; programs of assistance in building an individual educational trajectory and preliminary professional self-determination. The characteristic of psychocorrectional and rehabilitation programs aimed at overcoming the consequences of traumatic events and the formation of resistance to frustration is given.
- Definition of extremism
Religious extremism is understood as a stable religious attitude or one of the types of modern religious consciousness, directly or indirectly violating the constitutional rights of the individual, guarantees of freedom of conscience. Recently, the terms "religious extremism", "radicalism", "religious terrorism", etc. more and more often they sound in the context of the “Islamic factor,” although, as the law enforcement practice shows, extremism in various forms is also widespread outside of Islam.
Researchers note the diversity and structural heterogeneity of this phenomenon. Religious extremism is gaining more and more political overtones, as it leads to the violation of the rights and freedoms of citizens, undermines public security and state integrity, causes disorder in society, creates a real threat to the foundations of the constitutional order, and contributes to the destabilization of public order.
Religious extremism is a religiously motivated or religiously camouflaged activity aimed at inciting religious enmity and hatred. Among the reasons contributing to the strengthening and preservation of religious extremism in Russia, one should name the low level of legal awareness of some believers and part of the clergy. A certain part of them have a very vague idea of the constitutional guarantees related to freedom of conscience. The desire to strengthen the position of “one's own faith”, to increase the number of its adherents is often achieved by insulting attacks on “competitors”. Such methods are sometimes used not only by religious minorities, but also by concessions that are considered traditional. In this regard, attention is drawn to the emphasis on carrying out offensive missionary actions, including "work in a foreign field." This kind of activity cannot but generate inter-confessional conflicts, sow religious discord.
Extremism on a religious basis actively uses the Internet, through which ... the negative reaction of conservative religious circles to secularization, the secular nature of the Russian state is unimpeded. The advocates of religious extremism oppose participation in the population census, refuse the INN, and the most fanatical also refuse to exchange passports. The ideology of religious extremism denies dissent, rigidly asserts its own system of religious and ethical views. Extremists demand from their supporters blind obedience and execution of any, even the most absurd, orders and instructions. The argumentation of extremism is directed not to reason, but to the prejudices and feelings of people. Religious extremism manifests itself in intolerance towards representatives of other concessions or in fierce confrontation within the framework of one concession.
The law refers to the subjects of extremist activity public and religious associations, or other organizations, editorial offices of the media, or individuals.
The Federal Law on Counteracting Extremist Activity provides normatively fixed definitions of the concepts “extremist activity (extremism)”, “extremist organization”.
Extremist activity (extremism) - this is:
the activities of public and religious associations, or other organizations, or the media, or individuals in planning, organizing, preparing and performing actions aimed at forcibly changing the foundations of the constitutional order and violating the integrity of the Russian Federation;
undermining the security of the Russian Federation;
seizure or appropriation of power;
the creation of illegal military formations;
carrying out terrorist activities;
incitement of racial, national or religious hatred, as well as social hatred associated with violence or calls for violence; humiliation of national dignity;
carrying out mass riots, hooligan actions and acts of vandalism based on ideological, political, racial, national or religious hatred or enmity against any social group;
propaganda of the exclusivity, superiority or inferiority of citizens on the basis of their attitude to religion, social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation;
propaganda and public display of Nazi attributes or symbols or attributes or symbols similar to Nazi attributes or symbols to the point of confusion;
public calls for the implementation of the specified activity or the commission of the specified actions;
financing of the specified activity or other assistance in its implementation or performance of the specified actions, including by providing financial resources, real estate for the implementation of the specified activity, educational, printing and material and technical base, telephone, facsimile and other types of communication, information services, other material and technical means.
Extremist organization - a public or religious association or other organization in respect of which, on the grounds provided for by this Federal Law, the court adopted a final decision on the liquidation or prohibition of activities in connection with the implementation of extremist activities.
Extremism implies adherence to extreme political and ideological views and actions. Extremism gives rise to socio-economic crises, deformation of political institutions, a sharp drop in living standards, deterioration of the social prospects of a significant part of the population, dominance in society of feelings, moods of blues, passivity, social and personal lack of fulfillment, incompleteness 6eltia. fear of the future, suppression of opposition by the authorities, dissent.
Extremism is also determined by the blocking of a person's legitimate initiative, national oppression, the ambitions of the leaders of political parties, the orientations of the leaders and authors of the political process towards extreme means of political activity (Derkach A. A. 2001).
The social base of extremism is made up of marginal strata, representatives of nationalist and religious movements, the intelligentsia, young people, students, and the military who are dissatisfied with the existing political reality.
2. Manipulation of consciousness in extremist organizations and totalitarian religious organizations: methods of involvement and stages of personality transformation
Manipulation of consciousness in extremist organizations is aimed at violent involvement in the organization and transformation of the individual in order to establish total control over the behavior, thinking and feelings of a person.
At the stage of recruitment, the manipulation of consciousness in extremist organizations and totalitarian sects is carried out through the following methods and technologies for processing consciousness and psyche:
1. The technology of successive concessions of a recruited person to recruiters from small to larger and larger concessions
2. Formation of the view of the recruited that the adoption of the ideology of the sect is the best means of solving his personal problems.
3. Attractiveness of the group and the processes of group dynamics, including the significance and referencing of the group, the personal charm of its members, the manifestation of attention, benevolence and sympathy for recruited newcomers. Sexuality is often exploited - manifestations of love and sympathy for the recruited are demonstrated by attractive representatives of the opposite sex who perform the function of a recruiter.
4. Permanent custody and provision of information, which does not leave the possibility of independent search for information and its critical comprehension and awareness
5. Positive reinforcement: smiles, expressions of sympathy, delicious food, attention and care given to the recruited, etc. (F. Zimbardo).
The manipulation is based on the establishment of complete control over consciousness through the control of behavior, thinking (thoughts). emotions and feelings and filtration of incoming information.
3. Determination of the legal status of adolescents subjected to the destructive psychological influence of supporters of religious extremist and terrorist ideology.
In accordance with the main provisions of the National Strategy for Action in the Interests of Children for 2012-2017, approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin on June 1, 2012, the main priority of the state policy in the field of family and childhood is the realization of the right of every child to live and be raised in the family and the primary goal is the creation of conditions for the prevention of family trouble and violation of the rights and legitimate interests of children in the family. providing adequate assistance to families with children in difficult life situations on an interdepartmental basis, including the participation of educational institutions, health care, social protection, etc.
The most important definition of the law is the concept of "children in difficult life situations" (Federal Law of 24.07.1998 N 124-FZ (as amended on 03.12.2011) "On the basic guarantees of the rights of the child in the Russian Federation" (as amended and supplemented). (effective from 01.09.2012) .Children in difficult life situations, in accordance with the law, have the right to special care and protection from federal government bodies, legislative and executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies. survival and development of children, their adaptation and participation in public life, in the long term - in socially useful work.
Children in a difficult life situation are children whose vital activity is objectively impaired as a result of the prevailing circumstances, and who cannot overcome these circumstances on their own or with the help of the family, including such circumstances as the state of health of the child or family members who are raising and caring for the child; unemployment of the parents or guardians of the child; separation from close adults objective circumstances(a long business trip, being in a closed hospital of a healthcare institution, detention or detention in a correctional labor institution)
The presence of economic, legal, pedagogical, psychological and medical problems in the family can lead to the emergence of both partial (single) and multiple violations and risks.
4. Goals and objectives of psychological and pedagogical support of adolescents exposed to the destructive psychological influence of supporters of religious extremist and terrorist ideology.
Psychological and pedagogical support of children and adolescents is aimed at creating conditions for the development and self-realization of any child, while the full development of the personality should become a guarantor of socialization and well-being.
Psychological and pedagogical support is understood as cooperation that ensures the creation of conditions for the subject to make optimal decisions in difficult situations of life choice and the willingness to take responsibility for its implementation.
The main forms psychological and pedagogical support of participants in the educational process are: prevention, diagnostics. counseling, remedial work, developmental work, education, expertise, etc.
Psychological and pedagogical support in modern conditions is not just a sum of various methods of correctional and developmental work with children, but acts as complex technology, special culture of support and assistance to a child in solving problems of development, learning., socialization.
The basic principles of support a child in the conditions of life in an educational institution are:
- the recommendatory nature of the advice of the accompanying person;
- priority of the accompanied person's interests (“on the side of the child”);
- continuity of maintenance;
- multidisciplinarity (polydisciplinary, i.e. an integrated approach) of support.
The purposeage-psychological counseling is a systematic control over the course of the child's mental development based on ideas about the normative content and age-related periodization of development. The stated goal includes the following specific tasks:
1) orientation of parents, caregivers and others. participating in upbringing, in the age and individual characteristics of the child's mental development;
3) if necessary, drawing up recommendations for the psychological and pedagogical correction of learning difficulties for teachers, parents and educators;
5) psychological education of the population.
There are various forms of psychoprophylactic work: organization of the social environment; communication: active social learning in socially important skills. This model is mainly implemented in the form of group trainings, namely - resistance training (resilience) to negative social impact; assertiveness or affective-value learning training; life skills formation training; training to activate personal resources; training in minimizing the negative consequences of deviant behavior.
The main directions of preventive work:
1. Personality diagnostics system:
- the level of formation of personality traits;
- general creativity;
- speech development;
- the child's readiness for school;
k) pedagogical attitudes of parents;
f) parental attitude towards the child.
2. Working with students:
a) the formation of integrative personality traits (independence, honesty, hard work, humanism, etc.);
b) moral and psychological education (child rights);
c) the formation of general creative abilities, the organization of creative
student activities based on their interests;
d) the formation of a caring attitude towards family members;
e) education culture relations:
g) ensuring success in educational activities.
3. Working with family:
a) the formation of the pedagogical culture of parents;
b) organization of joint activities of parents and students.
4. Joint activities of the educational organization and law enforcement agencies:
a) identifying the motives of students' offenses;
b) explanatory work regarding the nature and causes of offenses and crimes;
c) organization of leisure time for students in the microsociety.
Correctional and developmental activities in the sphere of personality formation of adolescents who find themselves in a difficult life situation
Correction is understood as a system of psychological and pedagogical influences aimed not only at overcoming or weakening the negative qualities of the child's personality, but also at the formation of positive qualities opposite to them.
Tasks of psychological and pedagogical support children from families of members of religious extremist associations and pseudo-religious sects of a destructive orientation are associated with creating conditions for:
1. the formation of civil identity of the individual;
2. the formation of tolerant attitudes of consciousness and behavior;
3. the formation of communicative competence and the ability to resist manipulative influences;
4. optimization of the type of family education and parent-child relations in the direction of trust, emotional closeness and mutual understanding.
5. assistance in building an individual educational trajectory and preliminary professional self-determination;
6. overcoming the negative consequences of traumatic events. and building resilience to stress and frustration through constructive coping strategies.
- Formation of civic identity of the individual
The formation of civic identity is designed to ensure the integration, unity and integrity of self-awareness of the individual as a citizen of a multicultural society based on the appropriation of a system of universal moral values, freedom of self-expression based on taking into account the diversity of social attitudes, norms and values, positive socialization of children and adolescents.
The value guidelines of the methodology of education as the leading social activity of society that ensures the harmony of universal human identity, civic identity and ethnic identity in the process of a person's formation are;
A set of programs for the formation civic identity, aimed at forming a person's identity as a citizen of his country, fostering civic patriotism and love for the Motherland (for example, Russian as the state language, native literature, history of the Fatherland, social studies, civics, etc.);
- A set of programs for the formation ethnic identity and solidarity with "a small homeland - a village, a city, a region" aimed at familiarizing with the national culture, knowledge of the history of the native land, etc. (for example, the national language as a mother tongue, local history, national history, national literature, etc.);
- A set of programs for the formation of inhuman identity, aimed at familiarizing with the products of world culture and the general history of mankind, universal human values, the achievements of science and technology that make a person related to all of humanity (for example, mathematics as a universal language of communication, computer science, physics, the world around him, world history, world literature, world artistic culture , economics, etc.).
6. Formation of tolerant attitudes of consciousness and behavior
The formation of tolerance and trust is associated with multicultural education, which sets the following tasks:
- development of ethnic and cultural competence, i.e. orientation in the peculiarities of culture, history, geographical image, both of one's own people and other ethnic groups and peoples;
- the formation of intercultural competence based on a positive attitude towards other ethnocultural groups and mastering the skills of effective intercultural communication;
- awareness of the importance and role of interaction and mutual influence of peoples and cultures in the modern world as the basis for the progressive development of mankind and world culture - the formation of tolerance attitudes,
Technologies for the formation of tolerance are the main way of teaching the rules of cooperation and cooperation between various ethnocultural groups. Mass media play a significant role in the formation of tolerance / intolerance. The general education system considers multicultural education and the formation of tolerance as the key task of educating a citizen.
7. Psychological and pedagogical technologies for the formation of tolerance and trust in intercultural interaction
In modern social psychology, a significant number of programs for the formation of tolerance in intercultural interaction have been developed, which have proven themselves in the practice of working with various categories of the population, differing in age, gender and social composition:
Cultural-specific training programs can take the form of:
- Trainings for real intercultural interaction, including seminars — workshops of inter-office communication with group discussions of situations arising from personal contacts of representatives of two nations, to which the training participants belong.
- Attribution training - Consciousness of the methods of attribution - interpretation, explanation of the reasons for the behavior and the results of the activities of representatives of other ethnic groups.
- Simulation games, during which the meeting of two cultures is being constructed, each of which has its own values, norms and standards.
4. General cultural competence training, model-oriented formation cultural identity based on the theory of social learning.
- Ethno-cultural competence training, contributing to the awareness of the cultural conditioning of communication and human behavior, overcoming ethnocentric, ethnic and confessional prejudice and xenophobia, ensuring personal growth, the formation of ethnic and confessional tolerance in the field of intercultural communication.
6. Pedagogical model of tolerance education, defining the system of pedagogical conditions and methods of organizing student activities. Such conditions include: meeting with other cultures, problematization of attitudes towards them, group discussions, reflection, socially critical thinking.
