What is prohibited in the month of Ramadan. Iftar. What to say in the evening before eating? What you can and cannot eat

What is possible and what is not allowed in Ramadan? What are the prohibitions, conditions and rules of Ramadan?

Ramadan is one of the main and holy months for Muslims. This is a time of reflection and spiritual cleansing, but for this, a true Muslim must give up many things for a while: water, food intake, sexual relations. By fasting, believers test the strength of their spirit. Almost everyone is required to fast. But in order to honor traditions and correctly fulfill all the conditions, it is necessary to understand all the subtleties and nuances of the instructions.

In general, in order not to break the fast, it is enough to follow two instructions and three conditions. However, there are a huge number of varieties of their implementation. We have collected complete information about the rules of Ramadan, current conditions and prohibitions with explanations of what you can and cannot do, to make it easier for you to prepare for this period.

Fasting requirements

There are two requirements for fasting:

• The intention in the heart to fast. Every Muslim should begin such an important undertaking with sincerity and respect and approach the intention of observing the fast of the month of Ramadan with full responsibility for the pleasure of the Almighty God. And this must be done from sunrise to sunset.
• Prohibition on eating. After morning prayer and until sunset, a Muslim must completely abstain from eating and drinking. It is also prohibited to breathe tobacco smoke and engage in any sexual relations.

Conditions of fasting

According to the rules of Ramadan, you can start fasting only if you meet the following conditions:

• the believer must be of age according to the set of Sharia regulations;
• a believer must have a sound, unclouded mind, adequately perceive the world and not be mentally ill;
• a believer must be healthy to be able to fast correctly.

Who is this post not suitable for?

• Believers who are on a long trip or journey more than 90 kilometers from home and stay in a new place for no more than 15 days. If desired, a wanderer can fast, but according to the religion of Islam he is exempt from such an obligation.
• Believers who have health problems. If fasting can cause harm and contribute to the deterioration of the condition, then the Almighty does not approve of such fasting.
• Female believers who are going through their critical days or the period of postpartum cleansing.
• Female believers who are pregnant or nursing a child. If there are concerns about the well-being and condition of the child, Allah exempts from obligatory fasting.
• Elderly believers who find it difficult to fast themselves and who suffer from incurable illnesses and chronic diseases. Elderly believers are required to give alms to atone for this.

As of 2017, the Council of the Muslim Spiritual Directorate established a single amount of fitr-sadaka: 100 rubles. for needy believers, 300 rubles. – for people with average income, 500 rubles. – for wealthy Muslims. The Quran says that Allah considers the amount of donation acceptable and does not take more from a believer than he can afford. This amount is enough to feed one poor person twice a day.

All those released from fasting under the five points above must make up the missed fast as soon as they meet the criteria for possible participation in the fast.

What should you not do during Ramadan?

In order not to break the fast, prohibited instructions should be avoided. These sins require kaffarah in the form of almsgiving, fasting or some other kind of worship, which is determined by Shariah:

• Intentional eating, drinking water, taking medications, smoking.
• Intentional intimacy with wife/husband.

Circumstances that should also be avoided in order not to break the fast, but if committed, they require compensation:

• Using an enema.
• Application of the drug through the ears and nose.
• Specially induced nausea and vomiting.
• Accidental ingress of liquid through the nasopharynx during ablution.

What is possible and what does not break fasting during Ramadan?

• If you take a random meal: if a Muslim forgets and eats or drinks something, but then comes to his senses and stops, then he continues to fast. It is believed that it was Allah who treated him.
• If you take a shower, perform a full ablution, or stay in the bathhouse for a short time.
• If you taste food but don't swallow it.
• If you rinse your mouth and rinse your nose.
• If you drip medications into the pupils, and also paint your eyes with antimony.
• If you swallow food debris that is stuck between your teeth, provided that the size of the residue is no larger than a pea.
• If you brush your teeth with a miswak or a brush.
• If you inhale any incense.
• If you donate blood.
• If there is an uncontrolled release of sperm.
• If a small amount of vomit is released: uncontrollable vomiting, which can be swallowed back on your own.

During Ramadan, a Muslim can eat only twice a day: before dawn and after sunset.

Suhur

This is the time before sunrise that is reserved for eating in Ramadan. You need to eat before dawn. You should not eat food that is left over from your evening meal.

Iftar

Immediately after sunset, it is time for iftar. It is necessary to thank Allah for his generosity, read a prayer to turn to the Almighty with a request to accept fasting, all mistakes and sins that were committed accidentally or intentionally.

Then, immediately, you should eat and not overeat.

How is the Tarawih prayer performed?

The Tarafih prayer must be performed every day during Ramadan and abstaining from it is not recommended for a Muslim. It is also advisable to perform prayer in a mosque surrounded by other like-minded people. However, if this is not possible, individual execution is possible.

This prayer must be read only after the night prayer “Isha” and can be continued until dawn begins. The time for performing the Witr prayer, which is usually performed after the night prayer, shifts during Ramadan and is possible after the Tarafih prayer.

This prayer does not need atonement and replenishment in case of non-fulfillment.

Fasting according to Mecca clock

In certain time zones, the period between sunrise and sunset can be very long, up to nineteen hours or even more. During the intense heat of the month of Ramadan, this makes it difficult to comply with all obligations and regulations, especially regarding the intake of food and liquid. In order not to break the fast, there is a relaxation for such cases. After all, the purpose of fasting in Islam is not to burden, torment, cause difficulties or ruin the health of believers.

Therefore, believers who live in a place with very long daylight hours can fast according to the hours of Mecca. The discomfort due to a long day will be obvious after a couple of days of Ramadan. Then you should change lanes and start Suhoor, say, in the time zone of Moscow, and perform Iftar in the time zone of Mecca.

What is sadaqah in Ramadan?

Sadaqa is helping people in Islamic culture. In order not to break the fast, it is necessary to fulfill the obligatory vow of zakatul-fitr or, as it is also called, salakatul-fitr. This is a kind of tax that each family member pays before the holiday prayer on the day of breaking the fast. This tax is collected to help poor and needy believers.

Who should pay zakatul fitr? The one who has a roof over his head, food and everything necessary to support himself and his loved ones, who has no debts and is able to pay taxes. To do this, it is enough to transfer it to the nearest mosque, where the funds received will ultimately be distributed.

How to work during Ramadan?

Every Muslim during fasting tries to devote himself as much as possible to Allah Almighty. However, many often do not dare to start fasting because they are busy at work or school. Indeed, during this period, fasting requires not only a lot of time, but also a separate room, a special schedule, which sometimes is impossible to adjust to work.

If there is still time before fasting, perhaps you will be able to take a vacation for these days. This will allow you to fully concentrate, comprehend your lifestyle and understand the main values ​​of life.

If you do not have the opportunity to take a vacation during the fasting period, then you must allocate your time so that it works for you. So how can you cope with inconvenience and skillfully combine work and religion?

Follow these tips and it will be much easier for you:

• Manage your time wisely and create a daily routine. Set aside time for prayer rituals, reading the Quran, prayer, and acts of worship. If you do not organize your schedule correctly, you may forget about any mandatory conditions of fasting.
• Don't skip suhoor. Don’t be lazy and get up before sunrise, because this is the first meal of the day, which should fill you up and give you strength for the whole day. This is especially important in the summer heat.
• Don't rush in the morning. Before Suhoor, it is necessary to perform Tahajul of at least two rak'ahs. Also, do not forget to make dua.
• Appreciate every free minute. As soon as you have the opportunity to take time to devote yourself to Allah Almighty. Don't assume that everyone else's work schedule is less busy than yours. Everyone can find time to do dhikr and listen to the Koran on their way to school or work. This will help you not to be distracted from the post and not to be distracted by what is not allowed.
• Don't skip lunch breaks. The lunch break is a time to rest and “reboot” the body. If there is a mosque not far from work, then it is better to visit it during your lunch break and devote time to prayer. This will give you the strength and energy to continue working productively.
• After work, don’t delay iftar. You can take a short break and prepare for Iftar with all family members. It is important to do this together, because joint help in household chores brings you closer and gives you strength. The Messenger of Allah himself always helped his family members around the house. Before Iftar, the whole family must bow to Allah, pray and ask for forgiveness of sins.
• Think over the menu in advance. It may be easier to cook once for the whole week and pack the food into containers. Nutrition should be balanced, especially for suhoor. After all, the energy from food should be enough for the whole day. But remember that you don’t need to overload your diet with fast carbohydrates. They take away the body’s energy for processing, which, of course, will affect your concentration, vigor and performance.
• Don't give in to temptation. This is especially true during breaks when all colleagues go to lunch. Remember why and for whom you are doing this. After all, fasting is your choice, which concerns only you and Allah Almighty.
• Think positively. All thoughts are material, and if you wake up with thoughts about how hard and difficult it will be for you today, then most likely it will be so. Think about how simple and easy it will be for you during fasting, how you will develop and be nourished spiritually. If you think well about Allah and don’t force yourself, this is already considered one of the best types of worship.

Knowing the rules of Ramadan, knowing what you can and cannot do, you need to make the above tips a habit. Then the post will be much easier and more productive.

How to fast during Ramadan? All the rules. A reminder for those fasting during the holy month of Ramadan 2016. The reminder is relevant not only in 2016. Suhur, Iftar, PRAYER “TARAVIH”, ZAKYATUL-FITR AND SADAKATUL-FITR, TIMELY COMPLETION OF UNFOLLOWED FAST. FIDYA-SADAKA

Fasting is abstinence from eating, drinking, smoking, as well as from sexual intercourse during daylight hours, that is, from dawn (starting from dawn, which occurs approximately 2 hours before sunrise) to full sunset, accompanied by obligatory intention (niyat).

Muslim fasting in Arabic is called the words “syam” and “sawm”, meaning abstinence and self-restraint. Fasting in the month of Ramadan was made obligatory on the faithful in the second year of the Hijra after the Prophet Muhammad migrated to Medina on the tenth day of the month of Sha'ban. Fasting for the month of Ramadan is prescribed for every reasonable, adult Muslim.

Fasting in the month of Ramadan is a pillar of Islam - the religion of submission to the Creator in accordance with the Laws sent down by Him. And, in this regard, if a true believer does not observe fasting, he thereby with his own hands pulls out one of the cornerstones of the building on which Islam is based. Naturally, the degree of strength of a building whose foundation is defective is debatable. “Faith is a single whole that does not accept split and dismemberment. If we liken religion to a tree, questions related to faith and belief are the roots of the tree, rituals are its branches, good deeds are its flowers, punishments are its guardians, prayers are the elements that nourish it.” For this reason, everyone who is called to bring Islam to life must be elevated by this worship.

Rules for fasting during the month of Ramadan

There are two following prescriptions for fasting:

1. The intention (niyat) in the heart to fast for the sake of Allah. It can be expressed in words like this: Navyaytu an asuuma sawma shahri Ramadaana min al-fajri ilal-maghribi haalisan lillayahi ta'aala. Which translated means: “I intend to keep the fast of the month of Ramadan from dawn to sunset sincerely for the sake of Allah Almighty.”
2. Complete abstinence from eating, drinking, inhaling tobacco smoke, and sexual intercourse during the daytime - from the beginning of the time of morning prayer (Fajr) until sunset.

Conditions for observing the fast

1. The person must be an adult (according to Sharia).
2. The person must be of sound mind, that is, not mentally ill.
3. The person must be able to fast and not be sick.

The following categories of people are exempt from fasting, but all of them will need to make up for all missed days of fasting:

1. Travelers on a long journey. According to Islamic law, a traveler is a person who has moved 90 km or more from his place of residence and intends to stay at his place of stay for less than 15 days. If a person traveling does not find it difficult to fast, then he can fast if he wishes. There are no regulations in Islam that travelers must not fast.
2. Patients who fast may harm their health and their condition may worsen.
3. Women during menstruation and postpartum cleansing.
4. Pregnant and breastfeeding women who fear for the health of their child or themselves. Note: Elderly people who are unable to fast or are terminally ill must make a donation for each missed day of fasting in the amount of fidiyah sadaqa. Fidiyah sadaka is a donation the amount of which will be sufficient to feed one poor person twice a day. However, if in the future there appears the strength and opportunity to observe the fast, then the missed days should be made up, in which case these donations will be considered as voluntary (nafil) sadaka.

Circumstances that break the fast and require atonement - kaffarah

1. Intentional smoking, ingestion of food, liquids, medicines and anything that is suitable for consumption.
2. Intentional marital intimacy.

Circumstances that violate the fast and require compensation:

1. Entry of drugs into the body through the nose and ears.
2. Using an enema
3. Intentionally inducing vomiting.
4. Beginning of menstruation or postpartum period.
5. Water entering the nasopharynx during ablution (taharat, ghusl).

Circumstances that do not violate fasting:

1. If a person forgets about fasting and eats or drinks something. But, remembering the fast, he must stop the action he is performing and continue the fast. The hadith says: “Whoever, out of forgetfulness, begins to drink or eat, completes (continues) fasting (on this day). Verily, it was the Almighty who fed and watered him” (al-Bukhari, Muslim, at-Tirmidhi, Abu Daud).
2. Performing a complete ablution and taking a shower. A short stay in the bathhouse.
3. Tasting food without swallowing it.
4. Rinsing the mouth and rinsing the nose.
5. After rinsing your mouth, swallow the remaining moisture with saliva.
6. Dropping medicine into the eyes, tinting the eyes with antimony.
7. Swallowing food residue left between the teeth if its size is less than a pea.
8. Brush your teeth with a miswak or a brush.
9. Blood donation, bloodletting.
10. Inhaling incense.
11. Involuntary release of sperm.
12. Vomiting in a small volume (involuntary vomiting, spontaneous return of part of the vomit back to the stomach, or deliberate induction of vomiting without filling the oral cavity with it).

Suhur

Suhur is the time before dawn, intended for eating before the time of fasting. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Eat food before dawn! Truly, in Suhoor there is grace!” (al-Bukhari, Muslim, an-Nasai, at-Tirmidhi).

We must remember that eating must be completed before it begins to get light, before the first signs of dawn approaching. As with any meal, you should not overeat during Suhoor, but at the same time, you should eat enough to gain strength for the whole day of fasting. Blessings of Suhur: 1) Suhur is the action of the Sunnah; 2) suhur gives us strength for ibadat (worship); 3) suhur increases our sincerity in prayer, since, thanks to early reinforcement with food, we do not experience hunger and weakness so much, which can distract us from pious deeds; 4) suhur helps us control ourselves (our temperament), since anger is often caused by severe hunger; 5) suhur is the time when du’a are especially received; 6) by getting up for Suhur, we also get the opportunity to perform namaz-tahajjud and do dhikr.

Iftar

Iftar is the breaking of the fast, an evening meal at the end of the day's fast. Believers, fasting throughout the day, thank the Almighty for the opportunity to benefit from His bounties during the month of Ramadan and turn to Him with a prayer for Him to accept their fast and forgive the mistakes they have made through knowledge and ignorance.
At sunset, the fast ends and ends with an appeal to the Almighty: Allahumma lakya sumtu wa bikya aamantu wa ‘alaikya tavyakkyaltu wa ‘alaya rizkykya aftartu fagfirliyi yaya gaffaaru maa kaddamtu wa maa akhhartu. Which means: “O Allah, for Your sake I fasted, I believed in You, I relied on You. Make breaking the fast what You have given me. Forgive me, O Forgiver, those past and future sins.” It is advisable not to delay eating until later. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “My ummah will be in prosperity until it begins to postpone breaking the fast until later and perform suhoor at night (and not in the morning, specifically getting up before morning prayer).”

PRAYER “TARAVIH”

This prayer is an obligatory sunnah (sunnah muakkyada) for both men and women. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever stands up for prayer in the month of Ramadan with faith [in its significance] and expectation of reward [for it only from the Lord], his previous sins will be forgiven.”

The time for performing the Tarawih prayer begins after the night prayer (‘Isha’) and lasts until dawn. This prayer is performed every day throughout the month of Ramadan (the month of obligatory fasting). The Witr prayer is performed these days after the Tarawih prayer.

It is best to perform this prayer together with other believers (jama'at) in the mosque, although it is permissible to perform it individually. “Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him) performed this prayer together with his companions in the mosque on the 23rd, 25th and 27th nights of the month of Ramadan. He did not do this every day so that people would not perceive this prayer as obligatory; so that it does not become obligatory (faraid). He read eight rak’ats with them, and they finished the rest of the rak’ahs at home.”

The fact that the Prophet and his companions read up to twenty rak’ahs in Tarawih became clear from the actions of the second righteous caliph ‘Umar. He canonically enshrined twenty rakyaats in this prayer. The Tarawih prayer is performed after two rakyaats of the sunnah of the night prayer (‘Isha’). It is advisable to perform it in two rakyaats, the order of which corresponds to the usual two rakyaats of the sunnah. The time for this prayer ends with the onset of dawn, that is, with the beginning of the time of morning prayer (Fajr). If a person was unable to perform the Tarawih prayer before its expiration, then there is no need to make up for it.

Following the example of the Prophet’s companions, after every four rakyaats it is advisable to take a short break, during which it is recommended to praise and remember the Almighty, listen to a short sermon or indulge in reflection on God.

ZAKYATUL-FITR AND SADAKATUL-FITR

The phrases “Zakatul-Fitr” and “Sadaqatul-Fitr” are different names for one obligatory type of Zakat, which is paid in the month of Ramadan immediately after its end.

“Zakatul-Fitr” is a tax on breaking the fast, paid by each family member before the start of the holiday of Breaking the Fast (‘Eid ul-Fitr, Uraza Bayram), or more precisely, before the holiday prayer. It is the final condition for the Creator to accept the observed fast. It is paid primarily in favor of poor and disadvantaged Muslims, and is also used in other charitable activities. This type of zakat became obligatory in the second year of the Hijri.

Due to the lack of a clear narrative about this in the hadith texts, Islamic theologians have two opinions about who should pay zakatul-fitr.

1. Anyone who has food and everything vitally necessary for himself and his family on the holiday, and at the same time he still has the opportunity to pay (or transfer food) “zakatul-fitr”, then he is obliged to do this. This is what most scientists thought.
2. The person must be one of those who pay the annual obligatory zakat, which represents one of the five pillars of religious practice. If a believer is such, then he pays this alms from himself and everyone who is under his financial support. This is what Hanafi theologians thought, drawing an analogy between “Zakatul-Fitr” and the annual obligatory Zakat.

Islamic scholars are unanimous that zakatul fitr is paid in the same eight areas in which the annual zakat is paid. Typically, believers donate their zakatul fitr to local mosques, which subsequently distribute it in accordance with the requirements of the religion. It is important to note that this form of alms cannot be given to people who are far from the concepts of faith.

The time for possible payment of zakatul-fitr begins with the beginning of the month of Ramadan. This was the opinion of a significant part of Islamic theologians, including scholars of the Shafi'i and Hanafi madhhabs. It would be more appropriate to pay (or transfer food) a day or two before the holiday of ending the fast (‘Idul-Fitr).

The most correct thing would be to pay zakatul-fitr between sunset on the last day of fasting and until the morning, before the start of the holiday prayer.

If the believer did not have time to do this before the holiday prayer, then the obligation still remains. It is highly desirable that this obligation be fulfilled on the first holiday. According to all scientists, leaving this until a later time is sinful.

The Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the European Part of Russia established the size of the “fitr-sadaqa” in 2012:

1. 100 rub. for the poor;
2. 200 rub. for people with average income;
3. from 300 rub. for the wealthy.

TIMELY COMPLETION OF UNFOLLOWED FASTS. FIDYA-SADAKA

If a person is able to fast, then he needs to make up for the fast that was imperfect for one reason or another only by fasting. It is more convenient to fast in winter, when the days are shortest. They say that “winter is the believer’s spring. On short winter days he performs an additional fast, and on long winter nights he prays.” By the way, there is no obligation to make up for missed days of fasting in a row; it is quite acceptable to restore them based on opportunities, rhythm of life, work week schedule, etc.

But the payment of “fidya-sadaqa” is relevant for those who, in the greatest likelihood, will no longer have the physical ability to observe fasting. “Fidya-sadaka” is alms-atonement, consisting in the fact that for each missed day of obligatory fasting, one must feed one beggar so that approximately the same amount of money is spent on him as the average lunch costs (or better yet, the average daily cost of food ).

For a dying person, it is advisable to take into account the days of fasting he missed and make a will to the heirs to pay “fidya” for these days from his property. The children of the deceased can also pay fidya from their personal savings on his behalf.

“If a person missed a certain number of days of fasting for a good reason and died without having the physical opportunity to make up for them, then these days are not made up for by fasting and “fidya” is paid for him. If he had the opportunity, but did not fast, putting it off until later, and suddenly died, then it is desirable that one of his relatives fast for him or, which is also possible, the poor, the poor, the number of which is determined by the number of missed days, are fed. that is, “fidya” is paid.

Allah, with all His attributes, is incomprehensible to man, neither speculatively nor visibly. Therefore no one except Great And Wise Allah One who wishes goodness, health, and prosperity to everyone cannot know the true value of His commandments. One of the most important and useful commandments in Islam is Fast , observed by Muslims in the ninth month of the Lunar Year. Fast- a special kind of religious ceremony prescribed by Allah in the Koran: " O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, just as it was prescribed for those who came before you, perhaps you will fear God!"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 183). The Almighty, addressing believers all over the world, informs them that He ordered them to observe the Fast, just as he commanded. Its observance to other peoples who lived before us from time First Prophet Adam(may Allah greet him). Historical facts confirm that early Jews and Christians who observed Lent ate once a day, then changed the ritual and began to fast from midnight to noon. It is known that Moses(may Allah bless him) fasted for forty days. The most ancient Lent among Christians is considered to be the Great Lent before Easter: after all, Moses And Jesus Christ(may Allah welcome them) and their apostles observed it. Time passed, and the truly prescribed Fast, like religion itself, lost its effectiveness; church ministers voluntarily preferred other, easier types of fasting, such as abstaining from meat, fish, milk, etc. Fasting in Islam calls on a person to sincerely and diligently protect himself from everything that does not comply with Sharia. He calls on believers to be God-fearing, cleanses their souls and hearts from cruelty, accustoms them to kindness, discipline, patience and obedience to Allah. Fasting equalizes all Muslims, instills in their souls a feeling of universal unity and brotherhood. He who fasts for the sake of the Almighty is imbued with sincere compassion for his poor, starving brothers in the Faith. From a medical point of view, Fasting gives rest to the digestive system, helps remove various toxins from the body, cures many diseases, helps people give up bad habits, develops willpower, patience, brings peace, satisfaction, joy to the soul of the fasting person, etc. ProphetFast, heal"(Reported by Ibn Sanna and Abu Naim). The best reward for a fasting person is remission of sins. And can we neglect it or refuse it (the reward) if it comes from Merciful Allah? After all, he said Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): " Ramadan has mercy at the beginning, remission of sins in the middle, and deliverance from fire at the end.". Believers fasting for food Allah, receive in return rewards and mercy in Day of Judgment . Prophet Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: " He who fasts the month of Ramadan with faith and satisfaction will receive remission of his sin". (Text agreed upon). In the Holy Hadith, said Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), Allah speaks: " ... but Fasting is observed for the sake of Me, And I I reward for Him ". Allah gave man a body so that it could clearly show, through examples, what was in his heart and soul. The believer reveals the fear of God in his heart by his physical obedience, that is, by fulfilling the commandments entrusted to him. One of the wonderful examples of revealing humility and obedience Allah is the observance of Lent. After all, Fasting, unlike other foundations, is hidden from human eyes. No one can see him except All-Knowing Allah. The Fast hidden within us represents victory over the enemy. Allah, for the means of Satan’s influence on man are passions and desires. The purpose of Fasting is a religious practice that includes spiritual exercises that bring a person closer to Allah. Every Muslim must protect himself from actions that violate the Fast, since they (actions, violations) are a clear act against the will Allah, neglect Islam and shamelessness in front of people. Prophet said: " If one of you is fasting, he should not use foul language or shout. When a fasting person is scolded or tried to attack, he must say: " I am fasting! I'm fasting! ". (Text agreed upon). On the Night of Power (Lailat al-Qadr) in the month of Ramadan, before the Firmament, to a place called "Bayt al-Pizzat", a totality was sent down Koran. Almighty said: " Truly, We sent Him down on the Night of Power"(Quran, Sura 97, verse 1). Then He descended on our Planet in parts over a period of twenty-three years, depending on the situations and events that arose on It. The obligation of Fasting in this month of the revelation of the Koran was declared by Allah on the second Monday of the eighth month of Sha'aban, in the second year after the migration of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) from Mecca to Medina. Almighty said: " the month of Ramadan, in which it was revealed Koran as a guide for people and as an explanation of the Straight Path and entertainment (good and evil), - and whoever of you finds this Month, let him spend It in Fasting..."(Quran, Sura 2, verse 185). Fast in the month of Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam: Fasting during this month is obligatory for every Muslim man and woman. Those Muslims who consciously deny the obligation to fast during the month of Ramadan, regardless of whether they fast or not, are considered apostates. Muslims who do not deny the obligation of Fasting, but do not fast without good reason, are considered wicked and earn great sin and wrath Great Allah, Abu Hurayra reported that Prophet Muhammad And anyone who breaks the Fast on at least one day of Ramadan without a valid reason permitted by Allah will not be able to compensate for it, even if he then fasts for a whole century.". The authenticity of the onset of the month of Ramadan is confirmed in two cases: The first is the vision of the young month of the new moon on the thirtieth night of the month of Sha'aban by at least one full-fledged, fair witness. The second is the completion of Sha'aban until thirty days - and this is in the event that it is not possible to see the new month of Ramadan due to any reasons. Evidence of what has been said are the words Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): " Fast when you see it (new month of Ramadan) and stop when you see it (new month of Ramadan); and if it is hidden from you (due to bad weather), complete Sha'aban for up to thirty days". (Reported by Bukhari and Muslim). The time of appearance of the new moon may be different in different countries, since the Earth is round. In each country, the new month can be seen at its own time, depending on its location. In this regard, Muslim, reported words of Qutayb. Qutayb said: " The Fast of Ramadan began for me while I was in Damascus; I saw the new moon on Friday night, then I moved to Medina at the end of the month. Ibn Abbas asked me: “When did you see the new moon?” I replied: “We saw it on Friday night.” Ibn Abbas said: "Have you seen him?" I replied: “Yes, and the people saw him and fasted, and Muawiyah fasted with them.” Ibn Abbas said: “We all saw him on Saturday night. And we continue to fast until the end of the thirty days or until we see him.” I said: “Isn’t the testimony of Muawiyah and his Fast enough?” Ibn Abbas replied: “No, our Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) ordered us to do so.”". Believers should not begin Lent at the same time, except for countries close to each other, or countries located at the same longitude. What to do if the young crescent is hidden from us on the night from 29 to 30 Sha'aban because for any reason? The best decision, as I said Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is to extend the month of Sha'aban to thirty days: ... and if it is hidden from you, complete Sha" aban up to thirty days"In case of unclear weather and some complications arising due to objective reasons, astronomical calculations are taken into account in determining the beginning of the month of Ramadan. It is known that the wise Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) advised people depending on their level of literacy. Talking to ordinary people. He advised counting the thirty days of Sha'aban in the event that it is difficult to see the new month. And speaking with literate people, He advised them to calculate the onset of Ramadan by the phases of the moon. Ibn Omar said: " I heard that Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Fast when you see it (the new month of Ramadan) and break the Fast when you see it (the new month of Shawwal), but if you cannot see it, calculate it"Modern astronomers can calculate all the numbers associated with the lunar year and the orbit of the Moon, the exact time of its disappearance and appearance. Therefore, a person who has not seen the new month due to any reason can determine the beginning and end of Lent by contacting competent this area to persons. To reliably confirm the appearance of the new month of Ramadan, the testimony of one person is sufficient. The one reporting the appearance of the new month, naturally, must be a true Muslim, whose testimony is undoubtedly accepted by everyone. To determine the day of Fasting in the month of Ramadan, the testimony of one witness is sufficient, and to stop it, the testimony of at least two prudent, sensible witnesses who saw the new month of Shawwal is mandatory.

1. Entry into Islam : Fasting is not obligatory for apostates and blasphemers as long as they ignore Islam. Their Post makes no sense and is not accepted by Allah until they believe in Him. The above does not mean at all that they remain unpunished. Allah severely punishes them for apostasy and failure to fulfill the foundations and commandments of Islam.

2. Coming of age : The period of adulthood may vary among different peoples depending on climatic conditions, etc. Coming of age in Islam means the appearance of two signs in a person:

A) in men - the first emission,

b) in women - the first discharge.

The absence of these signs removes responsibility for failure to fulfill the obligatory Fast. Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: " The recording of three is interrupted: the sleeping one - until he wakes up, the teenager - until he reaches puberty, and the insane - until he becomes rational". (Narrated by Abu Dawud).

3. Wholesomeness and soundness of mind : Fasting is obligatory for those people who are of sound mind and aware of the actions they are committing. Those who suffer from insanity, lack of intelligence, schizophrenia (during the period of exacerbation), and those who are unable to control their actions are not to blame for failure to observe the Fast.

4. Having health and strength to observe the Fast : One of the mandatory requirements for Fasting is the presence of health and strength to observe it. Patients suffering from a serious illness, as well as elderly, infirm people from whom Fasting takes away health and strength, are not forced to Fast if they have been given permission by a truthful doctor. Almighty said: " Doesn't impose Allah for the soul nothing but what is possible for her"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 286).

1. Intent : This is the inner desire to observe the obligatory Fast of Ramadan. The source of intention is the heart. Saying your intention with your tongue is not mandatory, but is considered a very desirable act. Words are evidence of the obligatory intention Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): " Indeed, actions depend on their intentions". (Reported by Bukhari and Muslim). If the intention is made to observe obligatory Fasting, then the following conditions must be taken into account:

A) Anyone who wishes to observe the Fast must have the intention at night for the coming day, before the first dawn. If it so happens that at night the desire to observe the obligatory Fast was absent due to any reasons, then the Fast in this case is not counted. Evidence of this are the words Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): "" Anyone who did not indicate the Fast before the first dawn - his Fast is not valid" (Reported by Addara-Kutni);

b) Those who wish to observe Fasting must emphasize its category. For example: I'm here for Allah I intend to observe the obligatory fast of the month of Ramadan this year tomorrow on the day of Ramadan. If there is a desire for Fasting without specifying the year, month, day, then the intention in this case becomes invalid.

V) Those who wish to observe the Fast must make an intention on each night of the month of Ramadan, since each of the days of Ramadan is a separate service Allah and requires a separate effort. The intention of a desirable Fast, unlike a mandatory one, can be observed freely, without prior explanations or conditions. For example: " I intend to fast tomorrow for Allah ". In some cases, the intention in the desired Fast is allowed even after the first dawn in the morning, if before it no actions were committed that violate the Fast. Evidence of this is the story Aishi(may Allah be pleased with her): Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) once said: " Do you have food?" She said, "No." He said, "Then I will fast.". (Reported by Addara-Kutni).

2. Abstinence from actions that break the Fast from the beginning of the first dawn until full sunset. A person who strives to observe Lent for the sake of Allah, must necessarily refrain from all actions and deeds that contribute to His (Fast) interruption. If there is no abstinence from actions that interrupt the Fast due to any reasons, then It (the Fast) becomes invalid. The period of abstinence from actions that violate the Fast is considered to be the time from the first dawn to full sunset. Almighty said: " Eat and drink until you can see the white thread (the gray thread of the morning dawn) and the black thread (the blackness of the night) at dawn, then fast until the evening (until sunset)"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 187). In this verse, the thread refers to the barely noticeable light of the first dawn and the darkness of the night. Those who fast are allowed in the evening after complete sunset everything that was prohibited after the barely noticeable, gray thread of the first dawn.

3. Cognition the beginning and end of the day. One of the most basic requirements for observing the Fast is knowledge of the beginning and end of the day for those who began to observe the obligatory Fast after a barely noticeable morning dawn or interrupted the Fast before full sunset - their Fast is considered invalid. In territories where the length of night or day lasts up to twenty-three hours a day or where day or night continues continuously for several months, as well as in countries where there is no dawn and sunset, distinguished by distinctive features from each other, the beginning of Lent should be observed like the Fast of neighboring countries where day differs from night

1. They break the Fast all the time , which consciously enters the insides (the emptiness of a person) through the mouth, nose, ears, eyes, and private organs. For example: food, any liquids, water, smoking, intestinal lavage, sexual intercourse, any injections in the stomach, lungs, head, injections with a nutritional composition into the muscle and into the vein, use of ear, nasal, eye drops; introducing something into the nose, throat, ears, private organs; swallowing blood, food debris in the form of crumbs, sputum, etc. together with saliva. According to some Shafi'i theologians, medicinal injections into a muscle or vein make the Fast invalid. They come from words Ibn Abbas: " Verily, the breaking of the fast is in what has entered (into the body), and not in what has come out (from the body).". Random erroneous actions committed by a fasting person against his will or out of forgetfulness (such as eating, drinking, etc.) do not interrupt the Fast and do not require expiatory actions. Messenger of Allah said: " If someone ate and drank, forgetting that he was fasting, then his Fast remains valid, since he was fed and drunk by Himself Allah ". (Text agreed upon). He who takes food, drink, etc., as soon as he remembers that he is in Lent, must immediately refrain from doing what he does accidentally, or by mistake, and continue his Lent further.

2. Breaks the Fast deliberate vomiting, even if the fasting person is sure that some of the vomit did not return to the body. If the fasting person was unable to prevent vomiting and vomited regardless of his desire, then the Fast is not considered broken, even if part of the vomit returned back into the body. Messenger of Allah said: " The one who has overcome vomiting - and he is in Lent - he is not obliged to compensate Him, and if he caused vomiting, let him compensate". (Reported Hadith by Abu Dawood Tirmidhi and others).

3. Breaks the Fast conscious sexual intercourse during the day during Lent, regardless of whether discharge occurred or not, if the fasting person, completely forgetting that he is in Lent, has copulated, then his Fast is considered unbroken. Messenger of Allah said: " Allah took away the sin of my people for error and forgetfulness". (Genuine Hadith, narrated by At-tabarani).

4. The Fast is broken when ejaculating semen through something, regardless of how it happened. Spontaneous release of semen during kissing, stroking, looking at women, men, etc. also makes the Fast invalid, except for occasional ejaculation without desire and emission during sleep. During the day, during Fasting, actions and deeds that lead to arousal of a person’s sexual feelings are also prohibited.

5. The Fast is broken in the event that insanity occurs during the day during Lent, even for a moment.

6. The Fast is broken when signs of menstruation and postpartum discharge appear (in the daytime, during Lent), even if this happened at the last moment before sunset. Women do not have the right to fast until they are completely cleared of discharge. A missed Fast due to discharge must be repeated immediately after completing the obligatory Fast of Ramadan. It is said about this Aishoy We had menstruation in the presence of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon Him), then we purified ourselves, and we were ordered to repeat the broken Fast and were not ordered to repeat the ritual prayer"If the Fast had been considered valid during the allocations, there would have been no order to reproduce it.

7. Breaks the Fast renunciation of the Faith by word, deed, belief, deliberate refusal, etc., that is, by doing everything that can tempt a Muslim to fall away from Islam. Almighty said: " And if any of you falls away from your religion and dies as an infidel, for such, their deeds in the present and future life will be in vain!". Fasting and all good deeds of those people who have fallen away from the True Faith are in vain and are not accepted by Allah until they repent and return to Her.

8. The Fast is broken , if the fasting person lost consciousness for the whole fasting day and did not come to his senses, at least for a moment from the beginning of the first dawn until the sun was completely blocked.

9. Breaking the Fast (according to some theologians) with indecent behavior and actions. Based on sayings Prophet of Allah, all organs of our body must observe Lent. We should not be slaves to our feelings, passions, desires, habits, etc. Passed on Jabir from Anas: "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) truly said: “Five actions break the Fast: lying, gossip, slander (denunciation), false oath, lustful glance"Every fasting person must know that his ears are obliged not to listen to obscenities, his eyes not to see what is forbidden, his tongue not to utter lies, slander, gossip, slander, obscenity, to make false oaths: hands, feet and other parts and organs body - not to go where it is forbidden, and not to commit sin. All organs of our body must observe Fasting, without being tempted by whims and passions.

10. Fasts interrupted due to intentional eating, drinking, inserting anything into a person's void, intentional vomiting, female bleeding, male defilement, loss of consciousness, etc., must be compensated until the new month of Ramadan begins. Otherwise, in addition to compensation for the Fast, you need to pay a ransom (feed the poor), which will be discussed below.

1. Timely breaking of the fast . It is most preferable for a person to first eat dates or drink water immediately after sunset, then perform evening prayer, and after prayer continue to eat light plant foods. Narrated (Bukhari and Muslim) about Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): " When He was fasting. He did not begin evening prayer until they brought a ripe date or water to eat or drink, and in winter He did not begin evening prayer until they brought a dry date or water".

2. Eating the last time before the onset of the day's Fast, before the onset of the first dawn, is considered a desirable act, confirmed by the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon Him): “Verily, postponing eating until the time of the first dawn.” (From the tradition of the Messengers) - reported by Ibn Habban in his original. Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: " Take food (suhoor) before the first dawn, truly, in (suhoor) eating before the first dawn is a blessing". (Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim).

3. Very desirable start breaking the fast with a name Allah and a prayer for acceptance of the observed Fast. Breaking my fast Messenger of Allah said: " Oh, my Allah, for the sake of You I was fasting. Yours I broke my fast with food; my thirst has passed, and my veins have filled with moisture, and let my due be given, if it pleases Allah ". (Abu Dawud told about this).

4. Desirable action It is considered to begin breaking the fast with others: after all, having fed them, he (the one who feeds) receives a reward similar to the Fast of the fed. This is confirmed by the words Messenger of Allah: "Whoever feeds a fasting person will receive a reward similar to him (the one fed), without subtracting anything from the fasting person’s reward". (Reported and confirmed by at-Tirmidhi) During Lent, it is very advisable to do good deeds, invite each other to break the fast, and organize breaking the fast in places where those in need live.

5. Desirable during Lent abundance of alms, Alms, doing good and good deeds, helping those in need, visiting the sick, the elderly, reading the Koran, studying religion, visiting the Mosque, etc., Anas(may Allah be pleased with him) said: " It was said: O Messenger Allah,which Almsgiving is the best? He said: " Almsgiving in Ramadan ". (Reported by at-Tirmidhi).

1. Sick , suffering from any serious illness, with the permission of a truthful doctor, is exempted from Fasting provided:

A) if Fasting negatively affects the patient and his illness;

b) if the Fast opposes the treatment of the patient;

V) if the patient feels severe pain while fasting. It is prohibited to observe Fasting if the disease has a detrimental effect on the patient’s body.

2. Traveler , walking or riding any type of transport, at any time during his journey, has the right to observe or not observe the Fast. Fasting during travel is preferable. Conditions exempting you from Fasting while traveling are:

A) so that the journey is long (at least 83 km);

b) so that the journey takes a whole fasting day;

V) so that the journey is sinless, has good intentions, approved by Shariah;

G) so that the journey begins before the start of the fasting day. Almighty said: " ...and whoever of you is sick or on a journey, then the number of other days"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 184).

3. Frail old man is exempted from Fasting if he is unable to observe It. Almighty said: " Allah does not lay upon a soul anything except what is possible for it."(Koran, Sura 2, verse 286). The missed Fasts of the elder must be atoneed for by feeding the poor for each missed day.

4. Pregnant woman A woman carrying a child and a woman breastfeeding a child are exempt from Fasting if the Fast causes harm to them or their children. Anas al-Kaabi (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: " Truly, Allah Almighty removed Fasting and part of the prayer from the traveler, and Fasting from pregnant and breastfeeding women". (Reported by at-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and others).

1. Anyone who misses the obligatory Fast of Ramadan due to illness or travel must make it up before the new month of Ramadan arrives. If the missed Posts are not compensated before the arrival of the new month, then the violator earns a sin. And he will have to, in addition to compensation, feed the poor for every missed day. The penalty for late reimbursement of Lent increases with the increase in non-reimbursement, that is, it (the fine) increases and repeats with the increase in unreimbursed years. For example, if one of you decided to make up for the missed one day of Lent five years ago, then, in addition to the compensation, he must feed one poor person for the first year, two for the second, three for the third, etc., in total 1+2+3+4+5=15 poor people. The poor must be fed with frequently consumed food, the quantity of which should not be less than one mudda (600 grams). If it so happens that the illness lasted until the arrival of the new month of Ramadan and the patient was unable to make up for the missed Fast, then he is obliged to make up for it when he recovers. In this case, he is not subject to a penalty for late compensation of the obligatory Fast. If the patient died without making up for the Fast due to the duration of the illness, then the sin does not apply to him. If the deceased during his lifetime, having the opportunity, did not compensate for the missed Fast due to negligence, then close relatives, if desired, can compensate for the missed Fast of the deceased. From Aishi(may Allah be pleased with her): " Truly Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Instead of the one who dies leaving the unrequited debt of Fasting, his relatives fast". (Reported by al-Bukhari and Muslim). According to theologians, the missed Fast of the deceased can be compensated by anyone if any of the relatives of the deceased wishes to do so. Without the permission of the relatives or the will of the deceased, people of unrelated origin do not have the right to compensate for the missed fasts of the deceased. If none of the relatives and friends made up for the missed Fasts of the deceased, then a fine for untimely compensation of the obligatory Fast is necessarily levied on the estate of the deceased.If the deceased did not leave behind an inheritance, then the fine can be reimbursed by anyone who shows a desire. Ibn Omar(may Allah be pleased with him) said: " Whoever dies with the debt of fasting in the month of Ramadan, let him feed the poor in his name in return for every day he misses.". (Reported by at-Tirmidhi)

2. Anyone who missed the obligatory Fast due to extreme old age is obliged to pay a ransom (distribute Alms) in the amount of one mudda (600 grams). frequently consumed food for each non-observed Fast. Fasts not observed due to extreme old age are not reimbursed by anyone and are not subject to an increasing fine. Almighty said: " For those who can keep the Fast (with difficulty), a ransom has been appointed to feed the hungry"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 184). Those who are allowed to buy off their Fast with Alms include those who are sick without hope of recovery. 3. Women who missed the Fast due to pregnancy and breastfeeding are required to observe the following:

A) if a woman missed a Fast for fear of harming her body, then she is obliged to make up for the missed Fast before the new month of Ramadan;

b) if a woman missed a Fast for fear of harming the child she is breastfeeding or carrying in the womb (mother), then she is obliged to make up for the missed Fasts and pay a ransom in the amount of one mudda (600 grams) of frequently consumed food for each missed day.

Anyone who consciously breaks the Fast while observing obligatory Fasting by having sex, earns a huge sin. The sin he committed by copulation, along with compensation, requires expiatory actions. Redemptive actions in this case consist in the liberation of a slave or slave, and if they are not there, then in the continuous observance of the redemptive Fast for two months in a row without a single omission. If at least one day was interrupted in the expiatory two-month Fast, then the expiatory Fast must be repeated again. Those who are completely unable, for good reasons, to observe a two-month expiatory Fast, are obliged to feed sixty destitute Muslims with frequently consumed food in the amount of one mudda (600 grams). These redemptive acts are not assigned to the female sex. Those who are unable to atone for their sins in the above ways should do so when they are able. Each Fast interrupted by a sin requires a separate compensation and a separate expiatory action. For example, if three fasting days of the month of Ramadan are interrupted by copulation, then in this case it is necessary to compensate them before the arrival of the new month of Ramadan and perform atonement actions for each interrupted day separately. Redemptive actions are not assigned to the female gender, as well as in the following cases:

A) if the fasting person has copulated, forgetting that he is in Lent;

b) if the fasting person did not know about the prohibition of copulation during the Fast;

V) if the fasting person has had intercourse during a trip approved by Shariah;

G) if the fasting person has copulated while in the desired Fast;

d) if the fasting person breaks the Fast before copulation occurs.

Almighty said: " Whoever comes with a good deed will receive ten like him..."(Quran, Sura 6, verse 160). In addition to the obligatory Fast, it is very preferable for a Muslim to observe desirable Fasts that contribute to the improvement of faith, strengthen the body, systematically imbue the body and soul with piety, and additionally bring us closer to Allah

1. It is advisable to comply the six-day Fast of the month of Shawwal (10th month of the lunar calendar) after the holiday of the end of the Fast of the month of Ramadan. From Ibn Ayub(may Allah be pleased with him): " One who fasted during Ramadan and then continued for six days of Shawwal as if he had fasted for a century (year)"- Narrated Muslim. For any good we do, we are rewarded ten times more, i.e. Fasting in the month of Ramadan is equal to ten months, and six additional days of Shawwal are equal to two months. Taken together, it is equal to 12 months. Six-day Fasting is allowed to be observed intermittently for month of Shawwal.

2. It is advisable to comply Fasting the ninth of Dhul-Hijjah (the twelfth month of the lunar calendar) on the day of Arafah is for those who do not make the Pilgrimage. Abi Qatadata(may Allah be pleased with him): said: " Asked Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) about the Fast of Arafah, He replied: "(Fasting on the day of Arafah) atones for sins for the past and next years". (Narrated by Muslim).

3. It is advisable to comply Fasting on the day of Ashura and Tasua. These are the tenth and ninth days of the month of Muharram (the first month of the lunar calendar). Evidence of this is what he conveyed Ibn Abbas(may Allah be pleased with him): " Truly, Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) fasted on the day of Ashura and commanded that people fast on it"(narrated by al-Bukhari). The wisdom of observing the Fast on the day of Tasua" together with Ashura is not to be like the Jews. The Jews observe the day of Ashura, and therefore it is preferable to observe the Fast together with Ashura and the ninth preceding or eleventh following day, the day of Ashura.

4. It is advisable to comply Fasting on Mondays and Thursdays. From Aishi(may Allah be pleased with her), she said: " Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) preferred to fast on Monday and Thursday". (Reported by at-Tirmidhi).

5. It is advisable to comply Fast every month for three days of the full moon: the 13th, 14th, 15th days of the Lunar month. The words Abu Zarra(may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: " commanded us Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) fast for three full moon days every month - the 13th, 14th, 15th, and said: “They are like the Fast of an age (year)" - Narrated by an-Nasai and confirmed by Ibn Abbas.

6. It is advisable to carry out in Lent for most of the month of Sha"aban (8th month of the Lunar calendar): " Messenger of Allah fasted for most of the month of Sha'aban. (Text agreed upon).

7. Based on reliable sources and statements Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), it is also recommended (for those who are able) to fast Prophet Dawood(may Allah greet him). It is known that He fasted every other day. Desirable Fasts, unlike obligatory ones, can be interrupted if the fasting person expresses a desire to do so.

P A condemned Fast is considered to be that Fast, by non-observance of which we earn a reward. Anyone who observes the condemned Fast does not earn rewards and does not receive punishment. Man is a slave Allah, and he is obliged to follow His will, since unauthorized intervention can lead to unpleasant and fruitless consequences.

1. Condemned It is Islam to set aside a separate Friday day by observing voluntary Fasting. It is imperative to combine It with Thursday or Saturday. Evidence of what was said is what was conveyed al-Bukhari And Muslim: True Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: " Do not fast on Friday (alone) except in conjunction with the day before or the day after.".

2. Condemned to separate Saturday or Sunday by observing voluntary Fasting, since Jews exalt Saturday, and Christians exalt Sunday. The evidence of what was said is what he conveyed at-Tirmidhi: "Truly Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Do not fast on the Sabbath day except what is prescribed for you.” by Allah "Theologians do not condemn the observance of these two days in unity, since Jews and Christians do not exalt them together.

3. Condemned to spend a whole year in Lent without interruption for those who fear harm to themselves, or for those who need his guardianship. It's been said Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): " There is no Fasting for one who fasts constantly". (Reported by al-Bukhari, Muslim and others). Anyone who is confident in his abilities has the right to observe Fasting constantly (except for prohibited days), since it is one of the best types of worship.

Z Fasting is considered prohibited, by observing which we earn sin.

1. Prohibited Observance of Fasting on the holiday of the end of the month of Fasting - Ramadan and on the Feast of Sacrifice Allah, celebrated by Muslims on the 10th of Dhul-Hijjah. Evidence of this is what he conveyed Muslim from Abi Hurayrata(may Allah be pleased with him): " Truly, Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prohibited the Fast of two days: the Day of Sacrifice and the Day of Completion of the Fast.".

2. Prohibited observing the Fast for three days is the 11th, 12th, 13th days following the day of sacrifice on the 10th Dhul-Hijjah Translated from Omar Ibn Al-Ass(may Allah be pleased with him). He said: " These are the days in which he commanded us Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) break the fast and forbade us to fast in them". Said Malik: "These are the days following the day of sacrifice".

3. Prohibited observance of Fasting on a doubtful day. The 30th day of the month Sha'aban (8th month of the Lunar calendar), preceding the Holy month of Ramadan, is considered a dubious day. Confirmation of the prohibition of Fasting on this day is what was conveyed Abu Dawud from Omar Ibn Yasir(may Allah be pleased with him) from Messenger(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), he said: " Whoever fasted on a day about which people doubted, verily he disobeyed to the Prophet ".

4. Prohibited to fast in the second half of the month of Sha'aban for those who did not fast in the first half. That is, you cannot meet the Holy month of Ramadan by Fasting in the few days preceding it. This is confirmed by what Abu-Davud conveyed from Abu-Hurairat (may he be pleased them Allah): “Verily, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said; " When Sha'aban reaches half, do not fast".

5. Based on from Suna Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), women are prohibited from observing desirable Fasts in the presence of their husbands without his permission. If the husband is absent, then she has the right to observe them, regardless of whether he allows her to do so or not. Obligatory Fasting, unlike the desirable one, must be observed without the permission of the husband, since this is a command prescribed by Allah.

M alms, distributed to the needy on the occasion of the completion of the obligatory Fast of the month of Ramadan, is obligatory for every person, regardless of his age and gender. It cleanses the body and soul from errors that arose during observance of obligatory Fasting. Ibn Omar(may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made it obligatory for people to give alms on the occasion of the end of the Fast of the month of Ramadan in a measure of one sa'a (a measure of free-flowing solids equal to three liters) in dates or barley - to every free or unfree (slave), regardless of whether whether he is male or female, young or old, but from among the Muslims". (Reported by Bukhari and Muslim). The conditions for obligatory Charity are:

A) Being in Islam. Almsgiving on the occasion of the end of Lent becomes obligatory only for those people who are considered Muslims.

b) The onset of sunset on the last day of Ramadan. The payment of alms becomes obligatory at sunset on the last day of the month of Ramadan. Some theologians believe that the first dawn of the holiday is necessary.

3. Availability frequently consumed food product to pay Alms in the amount of one sa "a. Guardians or immediate relatives must take care of the unmistakable performance of Alms by their loved ones. Alms on the occasion of the end of the Fast should be paid along with the intention, i.e. when paying Alms, it is necessary to have an internal desire that you give some part of your property precisely as obligatory Alms, and not anything else. The payment of Alms should occur on your own behalf and on behalf of those people who are under the guardianship of the person being paid. The period for paying Alms; according to theologians, begins from the beginning of Lent. You can pay Alms throughout the month of Ramadan. The best time to pay Alms is considered to be the time from the first dawn of the holiday until the time of the Eid prayer begins. Alms must find its owner. It must be paid to the poor, orphans, etc. - all those Muslims who need it. Almighty said: " Alms - only for the poor, beggars, those working on it (persons engaged in the distribution of Alms) - to those whose hearts are attracted to the ransom of slaves, to debtors, on the way Allah, travelers, - by decree Allah. Allah is Knowing, Wise! "(Quran, Sura 9, verse 60). You cannot transfer Alms from one region to another as long as there are Muslims in need in this region. Anyone who could not pay Alms on time for a good reason is obliged to do so at the first possibilities. It is forbidden to postpone the payment of Alms until the end of the holiday. It is also forbidden to pay Alms with low-quality or less consumed food products. Some theologians allow paying Alms in money when those in need desire it. Details about the payment of Alms will be described in the next special chapter.

B pious stay should be observed by believers in solitude in the Mosque with the full intention of approaching Allah. Islam considers pious abiding to be lawful, as evidenced by the words Almighty: "And do not touch them while you are piously in places of worship."(Quran, Sura 2, verse 187). Pious stay was also the law of the ancient commandments sent down To the prophets before Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Almighty said: " And we told Ibrahim And Ismail: “Cleanse My House (from filth) for those who circumambulate, and those who stay, and those who bow, and those who prostrate!"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 125). By observing a pious stay, a person breaks away from everything worldly, secludes himself completely, surrendering himself to Allah. In solitude, he purifies the heart and soul, cultivating in them piety and humility, in return receiving forgiveness of sins. Pious stay is divided into into three types:

A) desirable;

b) very desirable;

V) mandatory.

AND It is advisable to observe a pious stay at any time of the year in order to get closer to Allah. It is highly advisable to observe a pious stay at the end of the month of Ramadan. Buhari And Muslim transmitted from Aishi(may Allah be pleased with her): " Truly Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) remained piously during the last ten days of Ramadan. Then his wives arrived"The wisdom of pious stay in the last days of Ramadan lies in waiting for the Night of Power. The Night of Power, according to theologians, can supposedly occur in the last 10 days, more precisely: on the 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th or 29th of the month of Ramadan. It is very advisable to spend these special nights , staying in places of worship, observing prayers, reading the Koran, remembering Allah as much as possible, asking for forgiveness of sins, etc. From Abi Hurayrata: " Truly, Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever spends the Night of Power with faith and resignation, Allah forgives the past". For the service and good done on this Night, Allah blesses and rewards better than in thousands of months in which there is no Night of Power. Almighty said: " The Night of Power is better than a thousand months"(Quran, Sura 97, verse 3). A pious stay becomes obligatory if a person prescribes it to himself as a vow. Those who have made a vow that they will stay in the Mosque for a certain period of time have no right to leave it without extreme necessity. Necessity is considered to be going out to perform natural needs, bathing, ablution, etc. If the observant interrupts his promised stay without a valid reason, then he must begin it again. Actions that interrupt the pious stay:

A) Renunciation of Islam, drinking alcohol, insanity.

b) Conscious sexual intimacy (even if no discharge has occurred). The Almighty said: “And do not touch them while you are piously in places of worship.”

V) Deliberately leaving the Mosque without a valid reason is not necessary.

G) The appearance of various types of bleeding in women.

AND desirable actions of pious stay:

A) During a pious stay, it is advisable to read the Quran as much as possible, remember Allah, study Islam, etc.

b) It is advisable to observe Fasting, as it helps to extinguish internal feelings, passions, desires, etc.

V) It is advisable that pious solitude be observed in the Mosque where the Friday ritual prayer is performed.

4. Desirable so that the one who observes solitude speaks only good and fair things, avoiding foul language. One who observes a pious stay has the right to comb and cut hair, cut nails, wash the body, use incense, put on and change clothes. He has the right to go out to perform natural needs, to go out to eat food if it is not brought to him. It is not advisable to do any worldly work while staying in the Mosque (such as buying or selling something, sewing, knitting, etc.). U the words of one who observes pious stay. Anyone who decides to observe a pious stay in places of worship must take into account the following conditions:

1. Intent : possessing an internal (spiritual) desire to be in the Mosque for a certain time for the purpose of worship and bringing oneself closer to Allah Almighty, fulfilling the Sunnat of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon Him).

2. Length of stay : the usual period of pious stay is the period that has received general recognition of believers in a given Mosque in which a particular Muslim stays.

Audio version of this article:

1. What is Muslim fasting?

Muslim fasting in Ramadan- this is abstinence from food, drink and sexual intercourse from the beginning of dawn until sunset, immediately after which all this becomes permissible. At the same time, one must take a responsible approach to the spiritual content of fasting - temporarily depriving oneself of certain benefits as a form of worshiping the Lord and fulfilling His commands.

Fasting is not a diet, but primarily the worship of God and the education of the spirit. But along with the intention of worshiping the Almighty, you can have a specific and measurable intention to lose those extra pounds and get healthier. Improving the health of the body is a charitable deed.

Read about the essence of the post in a special article.

Additionally, during the month of fasting, believers collectively recite the Tarawih prayer. Every day they read the Koran or a translation of its meanings, try to pay zakat within a month, read more, establish relationships with people, forgive others, pray more, go to visit, give treats, help others, etc. This is all desirable, unlike mandatory abstinence from food, drink and marital sexual intercourse.

Read about how to perform the Tarawih prayer.

2. When does fasting and Ramadan begin in 2019?

Ramadan begins in the evening at sunset - the day is specified.

First Tarawih - to be confirmed.

The first day of fasting is to be confirmed.

The last day of fasting is to be confirmed.

The last Tarawih - to be confirmed.

The day before the start of Ramadan, there may be adjustments in the start date of the new lunar month. You should focus on the opinion of the local mufti, the local centralized religious organization.

Ramadan usually lasts 29 days, there is even a mention of this in the Sunnah. The lunar year is shorter than the solar year by almost 11 days!

3. Who is obliged to fast?

There are conditions under which fasting becomes canonically obligatory:

Physical ability to fast.

4. How to fast during Ramadan?

Each day of fasting consists of 2 periods.

Abstinence period- from dawn (the start time of the morning Fajr prayer) to sunset (before the start of the 4th Maghrib prayer). During this time, you should not drink, eat or have sexual relations with your spouse. You can kiss and hug your wife (husband). This does not break the fast. Only sexual intercourse is prohibited.

The period when eating, drinking and sexual relations are permitted- from sunset (with the beginning of the 4th Maghrib prayer) to dawn (the beginning of the morning Fajr prayer), that is, the night period of the day. Traditionally, this period begins with breaking the fast (drinking clean water and eating, for example, dates).

For example: on the first day of fasting in your city, dawn (not sunrise, but the dawn that appears about an hour and a half before sunrise) begins at 3:40, and sunset at 22:50, that is, you fast (abstain) from 3:40 to 22:50. And between 22:50 and the next dawn, everything becomes permissible.

You can (1) say the intention to fast to yourself, out loud, or (2) just think about it mentally in the evening or immediately after eating before dawn. Read below about how to do this.

5. Suhur and intention for fasting

Suhur is the pre-dawn meal during the fasting period of the month of Ramadan.

Suhur and the intention to fast are related to each other in that they are essentially two actions before the onset of a period of abstinence.

Example: If the Fajr prayer begins at 5:40, then Suhoor lasts until 5:40. And nothing more. And the fact that some leave time “in reserve” and stop eating at 5:20 has no canonical justification. There is no such need, especially when the days are long and the nights are short.

Intention(niyat)- presence in the heart of desire and determination to fast, following the command of the Lord. The location of the intention is the heart, but you can verbally pronounce the text of the intention.

Example of intention for a post:

Tranceliterationintentions:

“Navaitu an asuma sawma fard minal-fajri ilal-maghribi khalisan lil-lahi ta’ala”

نَوَيْتُ أَنْ أَصُومَ صَوْمَ فَرْضٍ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ خَالِصًا ِللهِ تَعَالَى

Translation:

“I intend to observe the obligatory fast from dawn to sunset, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”

Niyat must be “set” before dawn (the intention to fast can be present in the thoughts and heart even after sunset in the evening, on the eve of the day of fasting). From ‘Aisha it is transmitted: “The fast of one who does not determine it [with his heart’s intention] before dawn is invalid.”

After pronouncing the intention and with the beginning of the Fajr (dawn) prayer, you enter the state of fasting.

What if I forgot my intention in the morning?

For more information about intention and practical issues related to it, see the special extended article .

After the sun sets (it is time for the 4th Maghrib prayer), there comes a period when drinking, eating and intimate relations with your spouse are allowed.

6. Iftar. What to say in the evening before eating?

The period when everything is permitted begins with Iftar (breaking the fast).

Iftar is an evening meal during the fasting period during the month of Ramadan.

Dua No. 1

اَللَّهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْتُ، وَ عَلَى رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْتُ

وَ عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَ بِكَ آمَنْتُ .

ذَهَبَ الظَّمَأُ وَ ابْتَلَّتِ الْعُرُوقُ

وَ ثَبَتَ الْأَجْرُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالىَ .

يَا وَاسِعَ الْفَضْلِ اغْفِرْ لِي

اَلْحَمْدُ لِلهِ الَّذِي أَعَانَنِي فَصُمْتُ ،

وَ رَزَقَنِي فَأَفْطَرْتُ .

Transcription:

Allahumma lakya sumtu wa ‘alaya rizkykya aftartu wa ‘alaikya tavakkyaltu wa bikya aamantu. Zehebe zzomeu wabtellatil-'uruuku wa sebetal-ajru in she'allaahu ta'ala. Ya vaasial-fadligfir lii. Alhamdu lillayahil-lyazii e‘aanani fa sumtu wa razaqaniye fa aftartu.

Translation:

“O Almighty, I fasted for Your sake [so that You would be pleased with me]. I ended my fast with what You gave me. I relied on You and believed in You. The thirst has gone, the veins have been filled with moisture, and the reward has been established, if You wish. O Possessor of boundless mercy, forgive my sins. Praise be to the Lord, who helped me fast and provided me with what I broke my fast with.”

Dua No. 2

Transcription:

“Allahumma lakya sumtu wa ‘alaya rizkykya aftartu wa ‘alaikya tavakkyaltu wa bikya aamant. Ya vaasi'al-fadli-gfir liy. Al-hamdu lil-lyahil-lyazi e’aanani fa sumtu wa razakani fa aftart.”

اَللَّهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْتُ وَ عَلَى رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْتُ وَ عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَ بِكَ آمَنْتُ. يَا وَاسِعَ الْفَضْلِ اغْفِرْ لِي. اَلْحَمْدُ ِللهِ الَّذِي أَعَانَنِي فَصُمْتُ وَ رَزَقَنِي فَأَفْطَرْتُ

Translation:

“O Lord, I fasted for You (for the sake of Your pleasure with me) and, using Your blessings, I broke my fast. I hope in You and believe in You. Forgive me, O One whose mercy is limitless. Praise be to the Almighty, Who helped me fast and fed me when I broke my fast.”

Dua No. 3

Transcription:

“Allahumma lakya sumtu wa bikya aamantu wa aleykya tawakkyaltu wa ‘ala rizkykya aftartu. Fagfirli yay gaffaru ma kaddamtu wa ma akhhartu.”

اَللَّهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْتُ

وَ بِكَ آمَنْتُ

وَ عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْتُ

وَ عَلَى رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْتُ.

فَاغْفِرْ لِي يَا غَفَّارُ مَا قَدَّمْتُ

وَ مَا أَخَّرْتُ

Translation: “O Lord, I fasted for You (for the sake of Your pleasure with me), believed in You, relied on You and broke my fast using Your gifts. Forgive me for past and future sins, O All-Forgiving One!”

7. What diet is preferable for a fasting person?

Everything is individual. Some fasting people work physically, others intellectually, and some avoid work altogether (not an option for a believer). For this reason, you should choose your diet taking into account the benefits for the body, physical activity and daily routine during fasting.

It is necessary in the evening and during the morning meal to drink more water, eat fruits and only after that vegetables, cereals, dried fruits, fish, etc. In the evening it is better to eat something that is quickly digested (fruits and vegetables), and during Suhoor (pre-dawn meal) - which takes longer to digest, for example, nuts and protein foods (eggs, fish or meat). Try to focus on water at least 30 minutes before meals, so that you do not dilute your gastric juice with it immediately before eating. After eating, it is also advisable to wait for the obvious feeling of thirst (about 40 minutes after eating), thereby facilitating and speeding up digestion.

At night, it is necessary to replenish the body's water balance. Try to drink up to 2 liters of clean water between evening and morning meals. We recommend Trillionaire water. It is glacial and does not contain artificial impurities.

Please note that fasting is healing because during fasting the body burns (utilizes) the remaining reserves. Water is the main source of removal of waste from this process from the body. If you don't have enough water, all the processed toxins will accumulate inside you and poison your body.

Suhoor (pre-dawn meal). For Suhoor, it is better to eat foods that take longer to digest, such as cereals, nuts and protein foods (eggs, fish or meat). Focus on what contains a lot of fiber and protein. Fiber prevents the rapid onset of hunger, nourishes the body and cleanses the intestines, which are 70% responsible for our immune system, and protein is the building material of our body, very important and necessary. But do not eat proteins mixed with fruits and do not drink plenty of water. Try to focus on water at least 30 minutes before meals, so that you do not dilute your gastric juice with it immediately before eating. I also recommend eating your favorite “live” fermented milk product, such as yogurt, kefir or matsoni. One glass. It is useful to mix it with one clove of garlic, cut into medium, easy-to-swallow pieces. If you don’t chew the garlic and don’t cut it too finely, there will be no smell. But there are very, very many benefits from it for our body. The fermented milk product must certainly contain live bacteria. It may cost a little more, but this is the product that is useful.

Iftar (evening meal). On an empty stomach, water, plenty of water and fruits. And only forty minutes after this - eating. During this time, you can calmly pray, performing the Maghrib prayer, and read a du‘a or a few pages from a useful book. During iftar (evening meal), focus on fruits, green salads, and vegetables. That is, something that contains a lot of fiber and is easy to digest. After eating, it is also advisable to wait for a clear feeling of thirst (about 40 minutes after eating), thereby facilitating and speeding up digestion.

Between evening and morning meals - definitely sleep!

After a pre-dawn meal, you should also sleep, especially if you then have to go to work. When you wake up, disperse imaginary fatigue and drowsiness with exercises and a contrast shower. Use gels and shampoos with a pleasant aroma.

On fasting days, use perfume (read more about using alcohol perfume). Pleasant aromas and smells activate the brain, add festivity, inspiration, and set you up for an active and productive day.

8. What can break my fast during the day?

If you understand what the essence of fasting is (see the answer to the first question), then, according to the canonical rules, fasting is violated by: intentional consumption of food, water and sexual intercourse during daylight hours (during the period of abstinence).

For those who are fasting for the first time, it is important to know that a lot of far-fetched prohibitions are published on the Internet.

Fasting is abstinence from food, drink and sexual intercourse from the beginning of dawn until sunset, immediately after which all this becomes permissible.

You can swallow saliva.

10. Fasting of a woman. What are the features?

During the postpartum period and during menstruation, fasting by women is prohibited (haram), regardless of age and marital status. Missed days are made up one by one at the end of Ramadan, either split or in a row. More details .

While fasting, you can kiss your wife (husband) and hug. The Prophet Muhammad himself (may the Almighty bless him and greet him) kissed his wife ‘Aisha in Ramadan and hugged him during the daytime, which is conveyed from her words in several reliable hadiths.

It is important to understand: only sexual intercourse breaks the fast. Hugs with your wife (husband), caresses and kisses do not affect the validity of the fast. The relationship between husband and wife should bloom in any month and any day of the year. Ramadan is no exception. The only thing that is prohibited during the day during fasting is sexual intercourse.

Of course, if a husband and wife have reasonable fears that kissing and hugging may lead to sexual intercourse, then they will abstain from this even during fasting hours. But in this case, they should compensate for this abstinence from kisses and hugs with an abundance of them at night. As modern family practice shows, without this, relationships grow cold, coarse, callous, and eventually die after a few years of marriage. It is not religion that leads to this, but its incorrect understanding and the lack of basic skills to live with joy, happiness and a deep, living feeling of gratitude to each other and to God.

12. Should water and dates be consumed before du‘a or after du‘a?

First of all - water and 1-3 dates.

The Prophet Muhammad (may the Almighty bless him and welcome him) did this: while breaking his fast, he first drank water and could eat a few dates, then performed the evening prayer and namaz and then ate.

13. Is it possible to brush your teeth during the day?

Brushing your teeth with a miswak or a toothbrush does not break your fast. It is better to refrain from using toothpaste during fasting or use it in small quantities. If a person uses it, they must be careful not to swallow it.

‘Amir ibn Rabi’a said: “I saw how the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him) constantly and repeatedly used miswak during fasting.” The lack of specification in the hadith suggests that the miswak could be either fresh or dried. This is what al-Bukhari and those who agreed with him on this thought. And fresh miswak has both taste and aroma.

“Ibn Sirin said that you can brush your teeth with fresh (wet) miswak. They asked him: “But it has taste, doesn’t it?!” He replied: “And water has a taste, but you rinse your mouth with it during fasting [which does not affect its reality in any way].”

14. How to deal with bad breath during the day?

When a person does not eat for a long time, his breath sometimes begins to smell bad. I note that if it smells really bad, then these are problems with the intestines and digestion, which need to be solved in consultation with a doctor, and fasting has nothing to do with it. Here are simple tips on how to minimize bad breath:

Thoroughly brush your teeth with a special floss and brush with toothpaste after the pre-dawn meal (suhur);

After sleeping during the period of abstinence (fasting), brush your teeth with a miswak or a brush with a very small amount of toothpaste on it. Use a brush or a special device to clean the tongue and the root of the tongue from germs. The main cause of bad breath is the accumulation of microbes on the root of the tongue;

Use fragrant oils or perfume throughout the day, especially after your morning shower. Applying high-quality oil or perfume to the abdominal or chest area eliminates the unpleasant odor for almost the whole day.

15. Is it possible to taste food while cooking?

Without ingestion, it does not break the fast. Imam al-Bukhari, in his collection of hadiths, quotes the words of the famous companion of the Prophet Muhammad Ibn ‘Abbas: “There is nothing reprehensible in tasting food [in the process of preparing it] while fasting.”

16. How to respond to criticism from others?

Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him) said: “Fasting is protection [from committing sins in mortal life and the fire of Hell in eternal life]. If any of you is fasting, then let him not scold or shout. And if he is insulted or hit, he will say: “Truly, I am fasting, I am fasting.”

It is important to minimize negative emotions and maximize positive ones, to be able to direct the released energy to useful things (in the first half of the day - emphasis on intellectual work, in the second - on physical work). And the most important thing is the psychological attitude. Twist all your thoughts, words and deeds around priority goals and projects. When you learn this in practice, there will simply be no time and energy left for grievances and negative emotions.

17. Is fasting accepted if a person does not perform namaz?

Fasting (if the necessary conditions for it are present) is accepted as an independent separate form of worship of God. Whether or not a person performs prayer does not affect this.

It is useful to know that if a person denies the fivefold prayer, but fasts, then his faith is in question. If a person agrees that prayer is obligatory, but first decided to practice only fasting, then he needs to start praying as soon as possible. These are two important pillars of religious practice, but each is distinct.

It is also important to take into account that some people do not perform namaz yet, since they have only recently accepted Islam. Some people start with fasting, others with prayer. In any case, this approach cannot be condemned. Any Muslim started with something and gradually introduced himself to all the obligatory rituals (,).

18. How to determine the time when you can eat and when you can’t, based on the prayer schedule?

You can eat and drink before the Fajr prayer begins (this is about an hour and a half before sunrise). But the ban on everything applies from the onset of Fajr until the onset of the Maghrib prayer, which begins immediately after sunset.

20. Is it possible to take a shower, swim in a pool or in the sea during fasting?

Yes, you can. There are no restrictions on the use of water during fasting, except for drinking.

The essence of fasting is abstaining from food, drink and sexual relations during the daytime. If you swim or wash without swallowing water, this does not break your fast during the day.

Opinions about restrictions on bathing during Lent, which you can find on the Internet, have been around since the very beginning of the formation of Muslim theology. But! These are just speculations, they have no basis, much less reliable canonical justification (Koran and Sunnah).

For example, in the collection of hadiths of Imam al-Bukhari there is a separate topic “Full body washing (bathing) for those observing fasting,” where he collected, among other things, the opinions of his companions that it is possible to rinse your mouth during fasting, taste food, use miswak, wash, bathe, visit the bathhouse, etc.

22. Is fasting valid if you sleep through suhoor (morning meal)?

The importance of the morning meal is evidenced, for example, by the following words of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him): “Take food before dawn [on fasting days]! Truly, in the suhoor (morning meal) there is God’s grace (barakat)!” . Morning meal is highly desirable.

If you overslept, but even before going to bed you planned (had the intention) to fast on the coming day, then after sleep you continue to fast as usual.

And don’t be afraid of not eating or drinking for Suhoor. At the end of the day, you will be truly surprised at how easy everything went.

23. Some beginners argue that you need to sleep during Ramadan, because when you sleep, you won’t accidentally eat something and you won’t swear.

This is what lazy people and parasites say, suffering “for the sake of Allah” and living at the expense of others: their older brother (sister), parents, or on “kafir” social benefits.

The Koran says:

“To those who make efforts (diligent, persistent, purposeful), and do this to please the Almighty [with a prayer for His mercy and forgiveness; does before Him, His power, for the benefit of faith and spirituality, for the sake of the triumph of the Word of God and eternal values, and not to please passions and base desires; not out of revenge or to spite someone; without proving to others that he is smarter, more influential and richer... Who puts in efforts before God], to those people the Almighty will open blessed paths [to achieving comprehensive success in the worldly and eternal; will provide a way out of hopeless situations; will lead you out of the darkness of hopelessness to a brightly lit “path” of hope and confidence in the future]. [Know] there is no doubt that Allah (God, Lord) is with those who are noble in deeds and actions” (see).

Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “[The best are those] who do not become a burden for others.”

Diligence and work are an integral part of the daily life of a Muslim. He believes in the inevitability of the Day of Judgment not in words, but in deeds; he has read many times in the Koran that it will be announced “that you did". You will have to pay for idleness and parasitism.

24. How long can a person survive without water and food? Could he die if he doesn't drink water for 17–18 hours in the summer?

Maybe if he has serious health problems and for him water is an important factor affecting the functioning of the body (for example, someone who has bad kidneys or diabetes).

If a person is healthy, then replenishing the water balance at night will compensate for daytime abstinence. You need to drink up to 2 liters of clean water at night.

Tea, coffee, compotes, lemonades and juices do not belong to the concept of water. The first thing we need is clean drinking water.

If you fast, you will feel that even on long summer days for our latitude, difficulties with depriving yourself of food and drink may arise only in the first 3-4 days, or may not arise at all. The following days will show that even without water a person can live for such a number of hours, receiving many benefits, including for health, and also great pleasure.

25. In what cases can you skip a post?

- The man is seriously ill

- gone crazy,

- went on a journey, and fasting is difficult for him,

- woman got pregnant

- The woman started her period.

26. What to do if a person has not made up for the missed days since the last fast?

As usual, he fasts during the month of Ramadan. At the end of Ramadan, he will plan to make up for what he missed, for example, for the winter period.

27. I am 50 years old. This year is the first post. What to do with previous missed posts?

If you were not a Muslim before the age of 50 (there was no awareness of religious beliefs), then by starting religious practice, just like a neophyte, you do not restore anything.

If you had conscious religious beliefs, were familiar with the tenets of faith and religious practice, one of the five pillars of which is the obligatory fast in the month of Ramadan, but still did not fast, then you need to make up for everything, starting from puberty or after it, when you became aware of religious beliefs, consciously believed.

28. Is Tarawih obligatory?

No, not required. This is the sunnah. More about this prayer .

29. I want to read Tarawih in the mosque, but I don’t know how. What should I do?

This is not an insurmountable obstacle. Come to the mosque in a state of ritual purity (ablution), pronounce your intention to pray together with the imam and repeat all the movements after him.

You, of course, should immediately begin to memorize the prayer formulas necessary for prayer. The book “Muslim Prayer Practice” or the website will help you with this. But having not yet learned anything from the prayer formulas, you can still safely join the imam of the mosque while he performs prayer-namaz. Don't be afraid of anything during your training. Learn, make mistakes, but don't stop. For every step you take, you will receive a reward from God.

30. Reading Tarawih prayer at home.

A believer can perform the Tarawih prayer at home, alone or with members of his household. This is possible and canonically will be complete.

31. Pregnant and breastfeeding women.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding, it is strictly forbidden to fast. This can cause irreparable harm to the fetus (newborn child) and will ultimately turn out to be a serious sin before God. This is not only practically, but also canonically prohibited. We have materials on this topic with a detailed explanation and a way out of the situation when a woman every two years and...

32. How to combine fasting and work?

Take a vacation

Take a vacation for the last 10 days of fasting,

Arrange to work from home

Sleep during the day instead of lunch

A minimum of pointless activities in your free time after work,

Eat right and only healthy foods,

Get enough sleep on the weekends.

Should a fasting person change his work schedule for the period of Ramadan, say, go on vacation, or does life continue as usual?

I can’t say for sure, since, for example, in the summer, many vacations can be combined. At the same time, by remaining in the usual working rhythm, you can seriously exceed your monthly plan, since there are no breaks for tea, coffee, breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea and idle talk. My experience of fasting during Ramadan (since 1987) confirms that productivity and efficiency increase dramatically during this time. For this, strict self-discipline and daily routine are important, as well as proper nutrition and timely sleep. And of course - goals “packed” into deadlines!

I myself observed fasting while studying in an ordinary Moscow school in the 80s, and while passing very difficult exams at the university in the 90s, and since 1997, holding unusually energy-intensive Friday lectures and sermons, as well as speaking live on television and radio. transmissions Fasting did not hinder me in all this, but helped me. The main thing is (1) as soon as the opportunity arises, try to compensate for the lack of sleep (more than five days of its accumulation can greatly harm your health both during Ramadan and in any other month), (2) eat right and (3) move more (sport until you get tired and the vigor that comes after it).

I took a week off for the first week of Lent. But now there is no need for this. The main thing is to get rid of internal fears. Arman.

She lived 12 of her 42 years in South Korea. I kept a post there. I studied for 2 years of them. The fast also fell during the exam period. I studied with foreigners. I had Japanese, Thai, Mongolian, and Korean friends who didn’t understand how I could start the morning without coffee))). There were students who argued with each other whether I could survive until the end of Ramadan without lunch. Then I got a job. I explained to the manager that during the month of Ramadan I would not go out with the team for lunch. I was even allowed to read namaz in a separate room. Some people admired my patience, others felt sorry for me. One Buryat girl said: “Well, at least eat an apple, it’s not food.” And when I answered that I couldn’t even drink water, she looked at me like I was crazy. There was a funny incident when the Koreans invited me to dinner and explained to all the restaurant employees that I needed to start eating at a certain time. And all the waiters were looking at their watches, waiting for iftar time to come, and when it came, everyone shouted in unison: “Can we do it!” It was very nice that everyone understood and supported me in a foreign, non-Muslim country. Yana.

My son had to pass exams at the university last year. He did not note any difficulties, he passed everything with the same excellent result, noting “freshness in his head.” Thus, he also “infected” a friend from Kazakhstan to try fasting. Last year, my 90-year-old grandmother was worried that she wouldn’t have enough strength, and by the end of Lent she was “just flying.” Much depends on your attitude and belief in the great benefits of fasting. Rashid.

I definitely spend Ramadan at work. I have an office job, it’s more comfortable (quiet work, you can always turn on the air conditioning in hot weather). There really is more time. On the weekends, on the contrary, from the hustle and bustle of household chores and walks with the children, you feel tired in the late afternoon. But still, closer to iftar, fatigue is forgotten))) Aidos.

Ramadan is the most fertile and fruitful month. The feeling of spiritual delight is indescribable, every breath feels different... And this month is more fruitful than others, only during this period you understand how much time is spent on breakfasts, lunches, dinners and snacks)) Whether you are working, studying, or training, you are more likely to into a state of flow. For those who have not followed, try it (all fears are far-fetched), and you will feel the beauty of spiritual, moral and all-round growth and delight! Anwar.

If your work involves constant meetings, stress, conflicts, where there is constant swearing, obscene language and it is impossible to get away from it, then it is better to take a vacation during the crisis. I personally try to do this. Tarawih in urazu is something! The last ten days of Tarawih and standing at night in prayer... I think it’s stupid to exchange this barakah for something. I look forward to it every year. An incomparable feeling. Ramil.

33. What else to do in Ramadan, besides abstinence?

1. Focus on current goals and objectives (Trillionaire Ramadan).

2. Build good relationships with loved ones (forgive, visit, do something nice).

4. Read, for example, 10 pages of theological translation of meanings. Depending on your daily routine, you should choose a specific period of time and strictly devote it to reading every day. For those who do not have to get up early for work or school, I recommend reading for 30-60 minutes after the morning meal (suhoor) and performing Fajr prayer.

6. Exercise at least an hour a day, for example, Pilates or yoga. Plan aerobic and strength training closer to the time of the evening meal (before Iftar), two to three hours before it.

7. Start to hear yourself and understand your true desires, and to do this, stop listening to news on television and read them on the Internet. Pay more attention to introspection, yourself and your life history - what you have achieved and what you intend to achieve in the near future; what gnaws at you and constantly worries you, how to find peace of mind. In this context, I recommend reading both parts of my book “Become the smartest and the richest.”

8. Perform the Tarawih prayer daily, at least at home, for at least 8 rakyaats.

By the way, this year we will have another round of the Trillionaire Ramadan game on cel.one. Details on the cel.one website. In this creative run we set goals for Ramadan and achieve them during the month of fasting.

34. Communication with the opposite sex

If you have recently converted to Islam, you must understand that a Muslim man (Muslim woman) cannot communicate closely and alone with the opposite sex. Ramadan is an excellent time to actually apply Muslim principles in this matter: communicate only with the one with whom you intend to start a family, become husband and wife for life, and only in the presence of other people, in a public place, without hugs and kisses.

35. Sports in Ramadan

Moderate sports during fasting days are useful and relevant. Don't be afraid of physical activity! In the first half of the day, I recommend limiting yourself to light exercise (jogging, stretching, exercises, planks, pull-ups and push-ups). The purpose of these light exercises every hour or two is to activate blood flow; By engaging the muscles (especially the leg muscles), it relieves the heart and promotes the flow of oxygen to the brain, which will give clarity of thinking and activate emotional awakening. As a result, you will gain vigor and will maintain it until 14:00. After, for example, during your work lunch break, find an opportunity to take a nap for at least 20-40 minutes. This is a complete reboot of the brain, an energy boost for the evening and the next morning. You should sleep no more than an hour during the day.

After waking up with new strength, also continue light exercise every hour or two. But at the same time, two to three hours before iftar (evening breaking of the fast), it is useful to plan a daily serious hourly load. As a result, every day, and especially at the end of the month of Ramadan, the body will be very, very grateful to you!

Is it possible to run a marathon (21 kilometers) while fasting?

It is forbidden. Dehydration (as a result of such exercise) can seriously harm your health. Especially the cardiovascular system.

36. Sins in Ramadan

It should be remembered that the month of fasting is the education of the soul and body, and therefore it should be filled with self-discipline, good manners, kindness and good behavior. You should refrain from obvious sins, the top ten of which include sins of the tongue (cursing, gossip, slander, lying). And therefore - keep silent more. If you speak, then only good things.

Ramadan is a very favorable period for personal growth and maturation.

37. Important periods in the month of Ramadan.

During Lent, important events and periods can be highlighted. For example:

1. For the first three to four days, the body gets used to the new diet and sleep patterns.

2. Every day during the pre-dawn meal (suhoor) and immediately after it, together with the intention of fasting, pray to the Almighty for something specific in an earthly and eternal perspective.

3. For the last ten evenings, try to perform Tarawih in the mosque.

4. At night, pay attention to prayer and reading what strengthens your determination and commitment, self-discipline and piety.

Night of Power (Laylatul-qadr). At night, devote 10-15 minutes to the most secret prayers-du‘a. See more details .

The night before the holiday prayer. Organize everything so that you will definitely attend the holiday prayer in the mosque. This applies to men. And women should help create a holiday mood at home for the whole family and loved ones, as well as neighbors.

Holiday prayer. It is not obligatory, but on this day the mosques and the streets around them are crowded with believers who have gathered to thank God for the past month of fasting. And so it is all over the world. About a billion people of different cultures, views and ages. A powerful and faith-strengthening sight. See more details.

38. Sadaqah in Ramadan.

It is important to highlight a special type of sadaka. This is akyatul-fitr- a tax on breaking the fast, paid by each family member before the start of the holiday of breaking the fast (‘Eidul Fitr, Eid al-Fitr), or more precisely, before the holiday prayer. It is the final condition for the Creator to accept the observed fast. It is paid primarily in favor of poor and disadvantaged Muslims, and is also used in other charitable activities. Typically, believers donate their zakatul fitr to local mosques. See more details .

39. I couldn’t stand the fast all day, so I broke it. What should I do?

If you are forced to interrupt, try not to disrupt your meal and sleep schedule. Interrupted - just drink water until iftar (evening breaking of fast).

Immediately after the completion of the month of fasting and the holiday, the missed one.

40. I still have questions about fasting.

We have a whole project on our website about fasting with detailed explanations, quoting verses from the theological translation of the Koran, hadiths (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) and with links to the works of authoritative Muslim scholars of the past.

Listen to a thematic selection of audio .

Read a theological translation of the Qur'an .

Also subscribe to our,

“In the month of Ramadan, the Qur'an was revealed - true guidance for people, clear evidence of right guidance and discernment. Whoever this month finds among you must fast.” (Quran, 2:185)

If possible, take a vacation during this period so that nothing distracts you from worshiping the Almighty. It is important to show diligence in worship: read the Holy Quran, spend more time in the mosque, with family and relatives, do good deeds, give alms, etc. “Whoever fasts in Ramadan with faith and hope of reward, all his past sins are forgiven.” (Al-Bukhari, Fatah, 37). During this period, the punishment for slander, lies, and useless disputes increases.

Who is exempt from fasting in Ramadan?

Elderly and sick Muslims, pregnant and lactating women, and small children are exempt from fasting. Old people who are unable to fast must make a donation (a certain amount of food or its value). Fasting is not prescribed for children, but is recommended.

Who is temporarily exempt from fasting?

These are those believers who cannot observe it for objective reasons (for example, pilgrims, women during menstruation and postpartum cleansing). They will have to make up for missed days of fasting or make a donation to poor Muslims (fidya).

Is it possible to fast if you do not pray?

Yes, you can, if you are ready to comply with all the requirements of fasting. Fasting in the month of Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam. Ask Allah that your fast will be accepted. InshaAllah

Which days of fasting are repaid as debt?

Only days disrupted by involuntary actions, for example, in the case of taking suhur or iftar later or ahead of time if a person made a mistake in time; due to the ingestion of snowflakes and drops of rain or water that have entered the mouth when performing ablution (ghusul, wudu, etc.), when medicines (etc.) enter the body through the mouth, nose, ears or in an enema; and etc.

How is a conscious (deliberate) violation of fasting during Ramadan compensated?

This is a serious sin. In this case, the Muslim is obliged not only to compensate for the days of fasting as a debt (qada), but also to pay expiatory alms (kaffarat).

What to do if, before the start of fasting in Ramadan, some days of fasting missed in the last Ramadan were not made up?

It is necessary to repent to Allah for such an act, since it is not allowed to delay debts from the last Ramadan to the next without having reasons. And after Ramadan has come, it is necessary to make up for all the missed days.

It is known that smoking breaks fasting. Will the fast be broken if you find yourself in a room where you were smoking and unintentionally inhale the smoke (through your nose or mouth)?

A distinction must be made between inhaling aromas and inhaling smoke or vapor. During fasting, it is permissible to inhale the aromas of flowers, incense, etc. The fast is broken if a believer deliberately inhales the smoke of incense or cigarettes (or any other smoke). It doesn't matter what kind of smoke it was. If smoke gets into your nose or mouth accidentally, against your will, then the fast is valid. For example, if you find yourself in a room where they are smoking, cover your mouth and nose with your palm, but the smoke still gets into your throat, the fast is not broken.

Does inhaling flowers, perfumes, or incense break the fast?

During fasting, it is permissible to inhale the aromas of flowers, incense, etc. The fast will be broken if you deliberately inhaled smoke or vapor from incense, cigarettes, etc.

Where to start a post? What should you say before your morning meal?

You need to say the intention of fasting (niyat): “I intend to fast the month of Ramadan for the sake of Allah Almighty.”

Is it possible not to fast on the road if the intention to fast was made the previous night?

It is permissible not to fast if the distance is at least 81 km one way and the traveler leaves the city before dawn.

Can a traveler stop fasting?

Allah has allowed the traveler to stop fasting even if he does not experience any difficulties during the journey. After the end of the month, it is necessary to make up for the missed days. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “This is a permission (relaxation) from Allah, and whoever takes advantage of it will do good, and whoever wishes to fast, there is no sin on him” (Muslim no. 1891)

Should those on the move fast during the month of Ramadan?

It is advisable for travelers to abstain from fasting if it can cause harm; if it is harmless, then it is better to fast. The Almighty said: “And if anyone is sick or on a journey, then let him fast for the same number of days at other times. Allah desires ease for you and does not desire hardship for you." (Quran 2:185)

Do you need to continue fasting if your fast becomes invalid for some reason on that day?

If a believer has committed actions that violate fasting, then he must spend the rest of the day in fasting, even if fasting for that day has already become obligatory for him.

Is it permissible to fast not from the beginning of the day?

If you had a good reason for not fasting, but before the end of the day of fasting this reason disappeared, then you are obliged to fast for the rest of the day, thereby expressing your respect for the month of Ramadan.

Is it permissible to break the fast if a believer feels unwell?

It is allowed to break the fast due to poor health. This may even be mandatory if fasting causes significant harm and/or there is a doctor's recommendation. If the fast is interrupted due to poor health, the believer is obliged to make up the missed days after he feels better. Allah Almighty has not made any difficulty for us in religion (Quran 22:78)

How should weak people fast during the month of Ramadan?

Those who are unable to fast due to old age or terminal illness have the right not to fast. However, for every day they miss, they must feed one poor person. “And those who are able to fast with difficulty should feed the poor as an atonement” (Quran 2:184)

Is it obligatory to distribute muddahs to thirty needy Muslims or can one give everything to one?

Mudd and sa are units of volume and weight of foods accepted in Islam, with which weak believers make up for the missed days of fasting Ramadan. There is no strict rule about who to distribute muddahs to: thirty Muslims, or just one.

Who should pay the fidya?

If a person is contraindicated to fast due to deterioration of his physical condition, then he does not fast. After recovery, he must make up the missed days of fasting one to one. In the case when the disease has become chronic and it is unlikely that a person will be able to make up for the missed fast, then he pays “fidyu-sadaqah”: for each missed day it is necessary to feed one disadvantaged person so that approximately the same amount of money is spent on him as is spent on average on the man's lunch.

How does a recovered sick or elderly person who has gained the strength to fast compensate for fasting?

These believers repay fasting as a duty (qada'a). The fidyah paid earlier will be counted as sadaqah.

Should a believer near death fast during Ramadan?

It will be better if the dying person can keep track of the missed days of fasting and leave a will to the heirs to pay fidyah.

From what property do the heirs pay fidya for the deceased?

Fidya for the days of fasting missed by the deceased is paid by the heirs from his property. The heirs of the deceased can pay fidyah on his behalf from their personal savings.

When do they perform the niyat of fasting?

This niyat is performed before dawn or immediately after sunset; reciting it out loud is not necessary. “I intend to fast tomorrow in the month of Ramadan this year in accordance with faith and sincerely for the sake of Allah Almighty.”

What are juz and hizb of the Qur'an? How to determine the right juz?

Juz is one of 30 approximately equal parts of the Qur'an, read one each night of the month of Ramadan. Each juz consists of two hizbs.

To calculate the page where a particular juz begins, there are 2 formulas:

1) First you need to calculate (n-1)*2, where n is the number of the desired juz. And then write a two to the right of the resulting number.

But there are exceptions: juza 7 and 11, instead of 2 we write 1.

For example, 14 juz: (14-1)*2=13*2=26. To 26 we add two at the end and we get 262

Thus, page 14 of the juz is 282.

2) (n-1)*20+2, where n is the number of the desired juz.

For example, 8 juz: (8-1)*20+2=142

But there are exceptions - juzes 7 and 11, instead of 2 we add 1.

What CAN YOU DO while fasting? Is it possible to brush your teeth while fasting?

According to the sunnah, you can use miswak (sivak) to brush your teeth during fasting: throughout the day (Hanafis), only in the first half of the day (Shafiites).

Is it possible to brush your teeth with toothpaste during fasting if you do not swallow saliva?

The use of toothpaste is permissible, but it is classified as makruh (undesirable actions). When using toothpaste, saliva is not swallowed until the taste has passed. It is necessary to rinse your mouth thoroughly: getting toothpaste into the stomach breaks the fast. According to the sunnah, one must use miswak.

Is it possible to swallow saliva while fasting?

Swallowing saliva does not break the fast, but you cannot deliberately “accumulate” saliva and swallow it, as this spoils the fast.

Is it possible to chew chewing gum while fasting?

No, you can’t, because chewing gum contains sugar (or its substitute). In addition, when chewed on an empty stomach, chewing gum stimulates the production of gastric juice, which contributes to the development of gastritis or exacerbation of peptic ulcers.

Is it possible to rinse your mouth and nose while fasting?

Rinsing your mouth and nose, even if not during ablution, is permitted, but moderation is important. Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Rinse your nose well (deeply), except when you are fasting” (At-Tirmidhi, 788)

Is it possible to put medicines in the nose?

It is possible, but if the drops get into the cartilaginous septum, the fast is broken.

Can a woman taste the food she prepares for the whole family during Lent?

If the husband has a bad character and is picky about food, then the woman is allowed to taste what she cooks. But she should not swallow this food. It is not makruh to test food, for example, for salt, unless there is another woman nearby who is in a state of haida, that is, not fasting. A woman is also allowed to chew food and then give it to the child.

Is it possible to swim or shower while fasting?

During fasting, taking a shower or wrapping yourself in a wet sheet is allowed. The permissibility of this is indicated by the hadith about how, during fasting, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) poured water on his head to reduce the feeling of thirst, and Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrapped himself in a wet sheet. These actions are not makrooh because they help a person to fast, especially during hot weather.

Is it possible to wear perfume during fasting?

During fasting, it is not prohibited to: inhale floral and similar aromas and smells, as well as use perfume.

Is it possible to use antimony during fasting?

It is not prohibited.

Is it possible to use creams during fasting?

Yes, you can. The main thing is not to use them internally, including on the mucous membranes of the lips or nose.

Is it possible to donate blood while fasting?

Theoretically, a blood test does not break the fast, however, if a lot of blood is taken from a person, he may weaken and it will be difficult to keep the fast.

Is it possible to do bloodletting (hijama) during fasting?

Theoretically, hijama does not break the fast, but a person may weaken and his health condition will worsen.

Is it possible to exercise while fasting?

Yes, you can, but don’t forget that during fasting it’s already hard for the body, try to avoid overload.

Is it possible to celebrate a wedding during Lent?

Yes, but in this case the festive treat is postponed until the evening (after breaking the fast).

Is it possible to hug and kiss your wife (husband) during fasting?

Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said: “During fasting, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, often hugged and kissed (his wives, however), he controlled himself better than any of you” (Al Bukhari No. 1927)

Is it possible to be circumcised while fasting?

Yes, you can.

Is it possible to cut nails and hair during fasting?

You can trim your nails and hair. It is best to do this before complete ablution.