A conversation-game about the origin of the button. The conversation-game uses a lot of literary language, theoretical and practical material.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

2.Are you going to get dressed?

You can't do without me.

Adults and children know -

(Children guess the riddle.)

A button is hanging, missing,

She lives in peace.

They don't notice the button

Until it comes off.

Summary of direct educational activities

Conversation game: HISTORY OF THE ORIGIN OF THE BUTTON

(in the preparatory school group 6-7 years old)

MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 72", Engels, 2013.

Compiled by teacher: Arefieva Irina Valentinovna.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

Introduce children to the history of the origin of familiar and familiar things;

Develop interest in the subject being studied and imaginative thinking with the help of riddles and games;

Expand children's understanding of the use of buttons;

Develop an aesthetic concept about various elements of clothing, cultivate neatness and attention to detail;

Develop creative imagination.

Integration of educational areas: “Socialization”, “Cognition”, “Communication”, “Reading fiction”, “Physical education”, “Safety”, “Artistic creativity”, “Music”, “Labor”.

Previous work: Familiarization of preschoolers with the environment and social reality N.V. Aleshina, O.V. Dybina What happened before…..(Games of traveling into the past of objects).

Vocabulary work: Fibula-metal clasp made of bronze (safety pin), camisole.

Material: collection of buttons, safety pin, zipper, Velcro, buttons, Whatman paper, albums, felt-tip pens.

Today we will get acquainted with the history of the origin of familiar and familiar things. Hundreds of things surround us, and we never think about where they came from, we are not interested in the history of these familiar things. These are the things we will talk about today.

Guess the riddle about an object we need in our lives:

1. You will find this necessary thing on your clothes.

If she is not there, you will be considered a slob.

2.Are you going to get dressed?

You can't do without me.

Adults and children know -

I'll button up everything in the world. What is this?

(Children guess the riddle.)

Of course - it's a BUTTON. That's what we'll talk about.

Look how different they are.

(DEMONSTRATION OF BUTTONS COLLECTION)

The poem “Button” by R. Sefa is read out.

A button is hanging, missing,

She lives in peace.

They don't notice the button

Until it comes off.

Imagine, please, that buttons have disappeared all over the Earth. What should people do? What can replace buttons? (children's answers).

You dealt with this quickly, well done; Anything will do - Velcro, laces, pieces of wood, and pins.

How good it is that they exist. It’s even better when there are a lot of them, a full box.

There are buttons in front of you, and I have buttons, buttons in boxes.

In each box they are in a certain order.

On the count of “one-two-three” I show you my box of buttons, then from memory you lay out your buttons in the same order as mine.

(Children have a set of cardboard circles: 2 red, 2 yellow, 1 green). The teacher has cards on which all the circles are located in a certain order. The teacher shows one card after another, the children remember the location of the circles, the teacher removes the cards, the children lay out the circles from memory. (Game "Lights").

What do you think the buttons are for? Have they always been like this?

Listen to the unusually entertaining story of the "button".

(The story is accompanied by a display of illustrations and items on the topic)

Do you know that the clothing of primitive man was the skin of a killed animal?! The skin was thrown over the shoulders and, so that it did not slip, it was held with hands. But primitive man needed to free his hands for work: to prepare tools for hunting, to make a trap for a mammoth. That's why fasteners appeared on clothes. The first fasteners were hairpins made from ground stones and ties made from durable plant fibers.

Do we use fasteners invented by primitive man? (Children's answers).

That's right, from time immemorial we have received such a method of fastening as a belt and a belt. Of course, it is very different from its great-great-great-brother and now plays the role of more of a decorative element.

The ancient Romans and Greeks used brooches - metal fasteners made of bronze similar to a modern safety pin.

In the 12th century, leather, metal, and bone fasteners appeared and became widespread. Only rich people wore them, and such fasteners were more expensive than the clothes themselves. Ordinary people used rope ties. The button familiar to us appeared much later, in the 16th century, i.e. more than 400 years ago. Moreover, women did not immediately like the buttons, but men really liked them.

The button was treated as a luxury item, and in ordinary life they did without it. Buttons were made from precious stones and passed on from generation to generation. Buttons became fashionable, and a “button epidemic” began in Europe. The more buttons, the more noble the gentleman. A self-respecting nobleman sewed about 40 buttons onto his camisole.

In the Czech Republic, in the city of Jablonec, there is a museum of buttons from different eras and countries.

Do you know that on women's clothing buttons are sewn on the left, and on men's clothing on the right.

Did you listen carefully to my story? Then answer the questions:

What material were buttons made of in the old days?

(made from precious metals and stones, copper, tin, wood, bone and even fruit seeds)

What material is used now to make buttons?

Buttons can be plastic, metal, wood, covered with fabric or leather.

Can everyone sew on buttons? No? Now we will learn.

A button with four holes is drawn on the board. Children must come up with as many options as possible for “sewing on” a button. (They draw buttons in their albums).

Fizminutka:

So we threw up our hands,

As if they were surprised.

And to each other to the ground

Bowed to the waist!

Bent over, straightened up,

They bent over and straightened up.

Lower, lower, don't be lazy,

Bow and smile.

Play with a button and create

And by all means, speak up!

Show your friends

And teach mom and dad

All buttons fastened.
Simple as a button.

FINAL PART.

Don't get lost, don't get lost!

Web site.

Are you tired? Now let's move a little (rhythmic music sounds)

Fizminutka:

So we threw up our hands,

As if they were surprised.

And to each other to the ground

Bowed to the waist!

Bent over, straightened up,

They bent over and straightened up.

Lower, lower, don't be lazy,

Bow and smile.

Starting position – feet shoulder-width apart. (Recite the poem while performing the movements.)

Now pay attention to the shape of the buttons and sizes.

(DEMONSTRATION OF BUTTONS COLLECTION).

Which of these buttons can be sewn on a coat?

Which ones will go with an elegant dress? Why?

What types of fasteners besides buttons do you know? (Children's answers)

That's right, it's a zipper, buttons, Velcro. And each of these clasps has its own story. The zipper lock, for example, was invented by the Swedish engineer Gideon Senbeck about a hundred years ago. At first it was heavy, metallic and bulky and it was very expensive. Now this fastener has become light and convenient, it can be seen everywhere: on jackets, boots, bags...

You should not chase the most fashionable, expensive fasteners. We must remember that the main thing in clothing is not the most fashionable fastener, but neatness. Very beautiful and expensive buttons will not decorate clothes if they are fastened with frayed, torn loops. And the most modest button looks beautiful and aesthetically pleasing on neatly ironed clothes.

And guys, you can come up with various games with buttons.

Play with a button and create

And by all means, speak up!

Show your friends

And teach mom and dad

How to make new button patterns

And successfully develop fine motor skills.

And also listen to Russian proverbs about buttons (from Dahl’s dictionary):

• The buttons are gilded, and I haven’t eaten for three days.
• A smart girl is like a bright button.
• The buttons are not molded, the loops are not twisted, nothing is done.

If you fasten the first button incorrectly, then all the rest will go awry.
All buttons fastened.
Simple as a button.
It seems to an envious person that the other person’s gold glitters, but if he comes closer, it’s a copper button. (Tajik proverb)
You can't sew buttons on someone else's mouth.

Now let's imagine ourselves as artists for five minutes. You have received an urgent order: to paint a picture “Merry Lawn”. And your magic pencil suddenly began to draw only buttons.

Try to complete the order without hurting the pencil.

(On a large sheet of Whatman paper, the children draw a lawn with buttons - an image using non-standard means - flowers from buttons, and if you consider that buttons come in different shapes, you get a very interesting picture. Children work to the accompaniment of calm music).

FINAL PART.

So what benefit did we get from today's conversation?

We learned the history of the appearance of the button. We talked about the button, its appearance, purpose, role in the aesthetic design of clothes. Let's watch our buttons. So that we always have them sewn on.

Button, button, hold on tight

Don't get lost, don't get lost!

You look so good on our dress

The outfit is in order - the soul rejoices!

Literature: Smart activities. From the series "Through play - to perfection." E. Sinitsina.

Familiarization of preschoolers with the environment and social reality. N.V. Aleshina

"What would have happened before..." Games-traveling into the past of objects. O.V. Dybina.

"Crafts made from fabric, threads and buttons." A.A. Anistratova, N. I. Grishina.

Excerpts from the dictionary of V. I. Dahl.

BUTTON, button, button, button - a circle or ball, a hat with an eye, sewn to clothing, for fastening with a loop, with a loop. Pugva (female church) bulge, hump. Puga, puzhka - the blunt end of an egg, heel, tail. Button maker, or button maker, button maker.

The word “button” sounds interesting in different languages: * In Japanese it is “netsuke”, although this word is more common to denote a type of art. * Italian - bottone, Spanish baton - bud, unopened bud. * In German - Knopf, in Dutch Knoor means “bump, bulge, top”. (Compare with the word "button", which refers to a type of fastener).

In ancient times, people connected their clothes with various animal bones, small sticks, and plant thorns. In ancient Egypt, buckles were already used, or one piece of clothing was threaded through a hole made in another, or the ends were simply tied together.

The oldest buttons and button-like objects were used as decoration rather than for fastening and were discovered in India. They were made about 5000 years ago!!! The ancestors of the Russian button date back to the 6th century. Old Russian buttons-weights

Buttons, as a rule, were decorated with a pattern. For example, concentric circles meant the sun. The five-pointed star is a symbol of fertility. In Russia, the button mainly served as a talisman. The buttons were hollow, in the form of a ball, into which a piece of metal was placed. When walking, such buttons rattled and thereby scared away evil spirits.

Buttons were appreciated only in the Middle Ages, when suits tailored and sewn exactly to fit the figure came into fashion. They could not be put on without ripping them out. Therefore, fashionistas and fashionistas had to wait until the clothes were sewn directly onto the figure before going out, and then freed themselves from the “shackles of beauty” for just as long.

The button was first used as a fastener in Germany around the 13th century. Buttons then quickly spread throughout Europe and were used to make tight-fitting clothing. True works of art appeared. Using a special glaze, artists painted the buttons with bright pictures.

Having originated, the button remained an element of the men's military uniform for a long time. Ladies preferred stilettos and safety pins. Peter I ordered buttons to be sewn on the front side of the sleeve of a soldier's uniform for one purpose: to preserve expensive cloth, not allowing yesterday's peasants to wipe their nose or mouth with their sleeves after eating.

But, like everything in the world of fashion, when a certain level of perfection is achieved, women appropriate it for themselves. The same thing happened with buttons. When buttons became a real object of art, women turned their attention to them. The button served as a decorative decoration. Buttons were made from precious metals, corals, and amber.

In 1877, as one of the fashion magazines of the time put it, “women were seized with button madness.” At the same time, buttons covered with fabric appeared. Women are simply tired of polishing metal plates to a shine every day.

Silver English and French buttons in the Art Nouveau style. Buttons with the image of insects, covered with glass. Mid or late 18th century. Copper buttons. Presumably England. XVIII century

And in the 2000s, colored glass buttons, produced in West Germany and Czechoslovakia, became popular all over the world. Pure bright colors, gold and silver trim, and thoughtful design made them a wonderful addition and decoration to women's clothing. But with the widespread proliferation of household washing machines, which spoil and break fragile glass, they had to be abandoned. After World War II, there was a catastrophic shortage of raw materials for the production of buttons, so any material at hand was used: in Germany, buttons were produced from the windshield of decommissioned fighter planes, and an artel near Moscow stamped them from gramophone records softened in a fire.

Buttons 16th century Bread buttons Century button Wooden button

Where does this element of clothing - a button - originate?

What story is hidden behind her elegant glitter?

• Button- a fastener on clothing designed to connect its parts. A button on one part of the garment is threaded into a loop on another part, thereby fastening it.
• The simplest button is a disk with two through holes in the middle, but there are buttons of other types and shapes (for example, square, triangular, cylindrical or spherical). The number of holes may also vary.

• Instead of buttons, ancient people connected pieces of their clothing with plant thorns, animal bones and sticks.
• In ancient Egypt, buckles were already used, or one piece of clothing was threaded through a hole made in another, or the ends were simply tied together.
• The oldest buttons and button-like objects used as decoration rather than for fastening were discovered in India. Similar objects from the Bronze Age have been found in China (c. 2000-1500 BC), as well as in the territories of the former Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece.
• Functional buttons made from stone have been found in southeastern Turkey and date back to 1500 BC.

• In the past, the button was one of the important magical amulets designed to ward off forces hostile to humans.
• It was in Rus' that this function of the button remained the main one for a long time.
• The word “button” came to Rus' from the East; it came from the ancient Indian language and literally means “clump, heap, mass.” The button, which was then called a “button,” reached Russian fashionistas at the end of the 15th century.
• Before Peter’s famous costume reform and the order to wear foreign dress, Russian boyars and boyars generously paid goldsmiths and foreign merchants a lot of money for buttons made of precious metals with inserts of turquoise, pearls, corals, and enamels. Round, ball-like buttons with a loop for sewing on were very fashionable - they were called gags.

Old Russian buttons-weights

Buttons on caftans. Around the 10th century.

Buttons. Silver, enamel. XVI-XVII centuries

• Russian boyars and noblewomen generously paid goldsmiths a lot of money for buttons made of precious metals.

In Russia, buttons on clothes were a kind of “calling card” of the owner.

Their number, shape, patterns and signs on them could tell about a person’s position, his merits, and proximity to power.

Buttons from the royal caftans

Tsarsky caftan, women's fur coat

• Each type of dress was assigned a strictly defined number of buttons: 3, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 19 buttons were sewn onto a caftan; for a fur coat - 8, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16. The largest number of buttons was supposed to be on the tigilei (a quilted caftan with short sleeves worn by warriors).
• The more buttons on a garment, the richer its owner, the higher his position in society, the lower those around him bowed.

In the 18th century, which was already seething with the shine of silks, the foam of lace and the play of diamonds, their grand entrance took place.

Hundreds of manufactories and individual craftsmen in many countries, most of them in Paris, sewed, mounted, turned, stamped, cut and cut buttons.

Along with magnificent examples made of gold, silver and precious stones, tight buttons began to appear, which were to become dominant in the next century.

They were made to match the clothes, covering a wooden or bone button on the leg. Buttons with through holes came into fashion much later.

• For a long time, buttons were the preserve of men. Buttons not only served as fasteners, but were also a compositional part of a men's suit.
• Jewelers made buttons of very high value for formal men's toilets, using expensive stones and complex techniques.

Buttons entered women's fashion much more slowly.

The reasons were rooted in public morality, which rejected front fastenings.

And until the early 1920s, most women's clothing had fastenings at the back.

• Subsequently, the designating role of buttons developed greatly - both in the Tsarist, and in the Soviet, and in our times, uniform buttons of professional, military, educational, legal and other institutions tell about the identity of the wearer.
• Nicholas I, who introduced departmental buttons into use, almost all officials of the empire - from the watchman to the state chancellor - wore uniforms with buttons of a certain type.

Officer's buttons differed from soldiers' buttons in that they had to be gold or silver, but were more often made gilded and silver-plated.

Soldier's ones were made of copper, bronze, tin and brass. In the guards and among the generals, the buttons were coat of arms, with an eagle.

In addition, in those regiments where the chiefs were members of the imperial family, there was an image of the imperial crown on the buttons.

The history of small devices for fastening costume parts is an entertaining story about the invention, skill, and imagination of tailors and other craftsmen.

In the very nature of buttons there is some kind of spark, a challenge, the ability to organize a suit, subordinating it to a single style, creating a mood and a holiday for every day.

The big story of a small button.

You can become an archangel, a fool or a criminal, and no one will notice. But if you are missing a button, everyone will pay attention to it. (E.M. Remarque)

Button. What could be interesting about this familiar, everyday object? “Clear as a button” we find in the dictionary of comparisons.

However, if you look at it from a slightly different angle, a lot of interesting things may open up. After all, every thing has not only its own history, but also a lot of fantastically exciting features.

The first fasteners, which resembled buttons, appeared around the 3rd millennium BC. A real button with two holes for sewing was found at excavations in the Indus Valley.

In Europe, the first buttons appeared in the 4th century BC. among the Greek warriors.

During the Middle Ages, knights brought them to Europe from the Middle East, but buttons gained popularity only in the 18th century. And at first, oddly enough, men showed interest in the new fasteners. Women greeted the appearance of buttons with hostility and continued to use pins.

Men's clothing at that time was not inferior to women's clothing in brightness and luxury. Buttons were made of precious metals and were often decorated with precious stones.
The button, which was then called a “button,” reached Russian fashionistas in the late 15th and early 16th centuries.

If we collect the ideas of scientists from different fields of knowledge - historians, ethnographers, etc., then we can distinguish four main functions of a button:

1.utilitarian (button like fastener);

3.magical (button - amulet or talisman);

4.semiotic or informative (button as an identification mark).

On the one hand, buttons found in various excavations clearly served as fasteners. Thus, the uniform of Greek warriors was fastened at the front with belts using several metal buttons with “legs.”

On the other hand, among the archaeological finds of ancient Greek art from the 4th century. BC. to the 1st century AD There are buttons made of gold, which speaks, first of all, of their decorative value. It is a known fact that the cost of a fur coat was two and a half times less than the cost of the buttons placed on it.

Today, hardly anyone remembers that in the past the button was one of the important magical amulets designed to scare away forces hostile to humans. A pellet, a piece of tin or a round pebble was placed in the hollow buttons, which produced a muffled sound when moved, reminiscent of the sound of a bell. And the buttons turned into amulets.

Interestingly, button in Russian has the same root as the words scare, scarecrow, pugach. Some Russian researchers believe that this coincidence is due precisely to the fact that the button has long served as protection against evil forces. From this we can conclude that among Western peoples the main functions of a button have always been utilitarian and decorative, while among the Slavs the function of a talisman was put in first place.

When buttons appeared, they were worn much more than necessary, because the more noble and rich a person was, the more there should have been. It is known, for example, that the French king Francis I once ordered a jeweler 13,600 small gold buttons to decorate just one velvet suit.

In many countries, philobutonism - collecting buttons - is not inferior in popularity to philately - collecting postage stamps.

The button was the very first clothing fastener invented by man. And, as it turned out, the longest-lasting one. This is not only a functional detail, but also a decorative accessory, which often allows one to “break away” from clothes and live an independent life. In the last two or three years, interest in buttons in our country has increased noticeably. Directories and a thematic website appeared on the Internet. We began to take something as seemingly insignificant as a button seriously. This is very important, because a button is a witness of the era.

Slide 1

Project activities
Pupils of 4 “B” class MBOU secondary school No. 21 Antseva Victoria Scientific supervisor: Belousova M.I.

Slide 2

Project theme: “A button in our life”

Slide 3

Type of project: creative Form of work: extracurricular Purpose of the project: get acquainted with the history of the origin and life of the button Tasks: study the history of the origin of the button, form an idea of ​​the variety of buttons, develop the desire for creative abilities

Slide 4

Why did I choose buttons to study? I want to know: what does the word “button” mean? What did people use before buttons were invented? What were the first buttons? Do buttons have rivals? What are buttons used for, besides fastening?

Slide 5

In this creative work we will look at:
Ancient buttons Archaeological excavations Buttons in Russia Buttons-amulets Buttons in the wardrobe Price of a button Variety of buttons Monuments to a button Crafts from buttons

Slide 6

Most of the things around us were invented so long ago that now no one can say exactly when exactly this happened. This happened with the button that accompanies us all our lives.

Slide 7

Thorns, small sticks, animal bones - ancient people used all this to hold together fabric, skin, and leather.
Ancient buttons

Slide 8

The first clasps appeared in the 3rd millennium BC. At archaeological excavations in the Indus River Valley, real stone buttons with two or three holes were found.
Archaeological excavations

Slide 9

In Russia, buttons have been known since the 6th century. But they were used as a talisman. Large amulets buttons, with some kind of stone inside so that they would ring like bells, were sewn to clothes, sometimes without a loop at all. When the amulets fell out of use, the button acquired its intended purpose - it became a fastener.
When did buttons appear in Russia?

Slide 10

Ancient shamans and sorcerers could use buttons to bewitch a loved one or ward off evil spirits. A button with 4 holes could influence a person’s fate, all you need to do is sew it on in the right way.
Button amulets

Slide 11

The word “Button” comes from “scare”: to scare away evil forces hostile to man. They were often made red. Since it was believed that red is the color of fire, it enhances the properties of the amulet button. The shape of the buttons was also not accidental: in the form of an acorn or an egg - a symbol of fertility. Symbols of the sun - a circle with a dot in the middle, a spiral - protection from black, hostile forces.

Slide 12

Popular wisdom says that if a man is missing a button, he should marry or divorce. If you meet a chimney sweep on the street, you need to take him by the button and make a wish - it will definitely come true. If a black cat crosses your path, you should pass the ill-fated place with your eyes closed and holding a button.
Folk wisdom

Slide 13

In Europe, buttons began to be used recently - about 500 years ago. Europeans used lacing and sewed dozens and hundreds of buttons onto their suits, not for convenience, but for the sake of beauty.
Europe without buttons

Slide 14

Only men were interested in buttons
Women did not use buttons for a long time; only men were interested in them. There were so many buttons sewn onto a man's dress, more than several thousand, that it became very heavy.

Slide 15

History remembers that the French king Francis ordered 13,600 gold buttons to decorate his velvet suit.

Slide 16

By decree of Peter I, it was ordered to sew buttons on the front side of the sleeve of a soldier’s uniform. The purpose of the decree was to wean soldiers from wiping their mouths with their sleeves after eating in order to preserve expensive cloth longer.
Decree of Peter I

Slide 17

Centuries ago, buttons weren't just expensive—they were precious. They were passed down by inheritance. A fur coat could cost less than the buttons placed on it. One such button could buy a house, and a set of buttons could buy a small principality.
Priced like pearls and gold

Slide 18

In the 19th century, precious clothing was forced out of the wardrobe. The buttons have also changed.
Cheap and beautiful

Slide 19

The advent of plastic was a revolution in the history of button making. Celluloid, invented in the 1860s, was easily processed and dyed in a variety of colors. Both linen buttons and exquisite buttons for ballroom dresses were made from it.

Slide 20

On men's clothing the buttons are located on the right, and on women's clothing they are on the left. At the time of button creation, men often dressed themselves, and women were dressed by maids - so buttons were sewn on for them in a mirror image.
Men and women

Slide 21

In the 20th century, clothing became even simpler and more comfortable. Functionality was valued, not decorativeness. You won’t see any kind of buttons: metal, glass, plastic, wood, knitted, leather, embroidered, mother-of-pearl.
XX century

Slide 22

After World War II, there was a catastrophic shortage of materials for buttons. In Germany, buttons were made from the windshield of decommissioned fighter planes. Near Moscow, they set up production from gramophone records softened over a fire.
Catastrophe

Slide 23

In the 21st century, buttons have many competitors: hooks, snaps, zippers, and Velcro. But not a single fastener can compare with a button in beauty and variety.
Rivals

Slide 24

Over the centuries, there have been all sorts of buttons: from small peas to the size of eggs, in the shape of a cone or a ball, faceted, chased, openwork, decorated with carvings, enamel, glass or pearls. Many of them have become works of art and are kept in museums.
Variety of buttons

Slide 25

Great Warriors Buttons

Slide 26

Buttons with watercolor inserts