Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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“How the New Year is celebrated in different countries of the world.” Prepared by teacher Metlenko Daria Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 1 in Aramil.
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The purpose of my work: - to collect and analyze information about the celebration of the New Year in different countries of the world.
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New Year is the children's favorite holiday. Even before the arrival of the New Year, New Year's markets open everywhere, lights on Christmas trees are turned on, and the streets are decorated with illuminations. In every home, children and adults prepare for his arrival. At midnight on December 31, with the last stroke of the clock, the New Year begins. In the morning, under the Christmas tree, children find gifts left by Father Frost and Snow Maiden. This happens in Russia. What about in other countries?
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Italy In Italy, the New Year begins on January 6th. All Italian children are looking forward to the good Fairy Befana. She flies in at night on a magic broom, opens the doors with a small golden key and, entering the room where the children sleep, fills the children's stockings, specially hung from the fireplace, with gifts. For those who have studied poorly or been naughty, Befana leaves a pinch of ash or coal. It's a shame, but he deserved it! Babbo Natale - Italian Santa Claus. In Italy, it is believed that the New Year should begin, freed from everything old. Therefore, on New Year's Eve it is customary to throw old things out of windows. You have to be careful if you don't want an iron or a straw chair to fall on your head. It is believed that new things will certainly take the vacated space. The following custom has long existed in the Italian provinces: on January 1, early in the morning you need to bring home “new water” from the source. “If you have nothing to give your friends,” the Italians say, “give them “new water” with an olive branch.” It is believed that “new water” brings happiness. For Italians, it is also important who they meet first in the new year. If on January 1 the first person an Italian sees is a monk or priest, that’s bad. It is also undesirable to meet a small child, but meeting a nice grandfather is good. And it’s even better if he’s hunchbacked... Then the New Year will definitely be happy!
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England In England, Father Frost is called Santa Claus. On New Year's Day, theaters stage performances based on old English fairy tales for children. Lord Disorder leads a cheerful carnival procession, in which fairy-tale characters take part: Hobby Horse, March Hare, Humpty Dumpty, Punch and others. Throughout New Year's Eve, street vendors sell toys, whistles, squeakers, masks, and balloons. In England, the custom arose of exchanging greeting cards for the New Year. The first New Year's card was printed in London in 1843. Before going to bed, children put a plate on the table for the gifts that Santa Claus will bring them, and put hay in their shoes - a treat for the donkey. In England, a bell announces the arrival of the New Year. True, he starts calling a little earlier than midnight and does it in a “whisper” - the blanket with which he is wrapped prevents him from demonstrating all his power. But at exactly twelve the bells are undressed, and they begin to loudly sing hymns to the New Year. At these moments, lovers, in order not to separate next year, must kiss under a mistletoe branch, which is considered a magical tree.
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China Chinese New Year is fundamentally different from the calendar calendar we are used to, if only in that each year its celebration falls on a different date. This is due to the fact that the Eastern New Year begins on the first spring new moon, and therefore it is not tied to the change of date in the calendar, but directly depends on the movement of our companion, the Moon. In China, on New Year's Eve, countless small lanterns are lit on the streets and squares. The Chinese deliberately set off firecrackers and fireworks on New Year's Day. As legend has it, at this time bad spirits, expelled from different places, fly throughout China. They are looking for shelter for next year. And firecrackers and fireworks, according to legend, scare away spirits, and thereby prevent them from moving into a new house. As soon as dinner is over, according to tradition, adults give children money in red envelopes. This money is supposed to bring them happiness in the new year. Like all peoples of the world, the Chinese begin to visit each other after celebrating the New Year. And therefore, when going to someone, the Chinese always take two tangerines with them. In Chinese pronunciation, the phrase “two tangerines” is similar to the word “gold”. Therefore, if you receive two tangerines as a gift, this means that you are automatically wished a prosperous year. But, having received the orange fruit, you must also take two tangerines from your table and give them to your guests in order to wish them an equally successful year...
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Japan Japanese children celebrate the New Year in new clothes. It is believed to bring health and good luck in the New Year. On New Year's Eve, Japanese children hide under their pillow a picture of a sailboat on which seven fairy-tale wizards are sailing - the seven patrons of happiness. One hundred and eight rings of the bell herald the arrival of the New Year in Japan. According to a long-standing belief, each ringing “kills” one of the human vices. According to the Japanese, there are only six of them (greed, anger, stupidity, frivolity, indecision, envy), but each has 18 different shades - and the Japanese bell tolls for them. In the first seconds of the New Year, you should laugh - this should bring good luck. And so that happiness comes into the house, the Japanese decorate it, or rather the front door, with branches of bamboo and pine - symbols of longevity and fidelity. Every family prepares a New Year's treat called mochi - koloboks, flatbreads, and rolls made from rice flour. And in the morning, when the New Year comes into its own, the Japanese go out of their houses into the street to greet the sunrise. At first light they congratulate each other and give gifts. Japanese Santa Claus is called Segatsu-san - Mr. New Year. Girls' favorite New Year's entertainment is playing shuttlecock, and boys fly a traditional kite during the holiday. In Japan, lucky amulets such as rakes are in great demand among New Year's accessories. Every Japanese believes that it is necessary to have them in order to have something to rake in happiness for the New Year. Bamboo rakes - kumade - are made from 10 cm to 1.5 m in size and are decorated with various designs and talismans.
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Sweden And in Sweden, before the New Year, children choose the Queen of Light, Lucia. She is dressed in a white dress, and a crown with lit candles is placed on her head. Lucia brings gifts for children and treats for pets: cream for the cat, a sugar bone for the dog, and carrots for the donkey. On a festive night, the lights in the houses do not go out, the streets are brightly lit.
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Colombia The main character of the New Year's carnival in Colombia is Old Year. He walks around in the crowd on high stilts and tells funny stories to children. Papa Pasquale is the Colombian Santa Claus. No one knows how to make fireworks better than him.
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Vietnam New Year, Spring Festival, Tet - all these are the names of the most fun Vietnamese holiday. The branches of a blossoming peach - a symbol of the New Year - should be in every home. Children eagerly wait for midnight, when they can start firing small homemade firecrackers.
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Nepal In Nepal, New Year is celebrated at sunrise. At night, when the moon is full, Nepalese people light huge fires and throw unnecessary things into the fire. The next day, the Festival of Colors begins, and then the whole country turns into a huge rainbow. People paint their faces, arms, and chests with unusual patterns, and then dance and sing songs in the streets.
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France French Santa Claus - Père Noel - comes on New Year's Eve and leaves gifts in children's shoes. Per Noel's companion is Per Fouetard, a grandfather with rods, who reminds Per Noel how the child behaved during the year and what he deserves more - gifts or a spanking. The one who gets the bean baked into the New Year's pie receives the title of "bean king" and on the festive night everyone obeys his orders. According to tradition, a good winemaker must clink glasses with a barrel of wine, congratulate it on the holiday and drink to the future harvest. On this holiday, the French walk very noisily, eat a lot, have fun and wait for the arrival of the New Year. The French go out into the streets in fancy dress; they are called Sylvester Claus.
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Ireland Irish Christmas is more of a religious holiday than just entertainment. Lighted candles are placed near the window on the evening before Christmas to help Joseph and Mary if they are looking for shelter. Irish women bake a special treat called "seed cake" for each family member. They also make three puddings - one for Christmas, another for New Year's and a third for Epiphany Eve. In Ireland, on the evening before New Year's Eve, everyone opens the doors of their homes. Anyone who wishes can enter and will be a welcome guest. He will be treated and presented with a glass of wine with the words: “For peace in this house and in the whole world!” The next day a holiday is celebrated at home. An interesting old Irish tradition is to give a piece of coal for good luck.
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Finland In snowy Finland, the main winter holiday is Christmas, which is celebrated on December 25th. On Christmas night, having overcome a long journey from Lapland, Father Frost comes to homes, leaving a large basket of gifts for the joy of the children. New Year is a kind of repetition of Christmas. Once again the whole family gathers around a table bursting with a variety of dishes. On New Year's Eve, Finns try to find out their future and tell fortunes by melting wax and then pouring it into cold water.
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Germany To celebrate the New Year in Germany, houses are decorated with colorful garlands, pine wreaths and Santa Claus figurines. In Germany, Santa Claus appears on a donkey. Before going to bed, children put a plate on the table for the gifts that Santa Claus will bring them, and put hay in their shoes - a treat for his donkey. On New Year's Day in Germany, there is a funny tradition: as soon as the clock begins to strike twelve times, people of any age climb onto chairs, tables, armchairs and, with the last strike, all together, with joyful screams, “jump” into the New Year. After this, the celebration moves outside. One curious sign is associated with the New Year in Germany. It's good luck to meet a chimney sweep on New Year's Eve. But if he still manages to get dirty in soot, then he is guaranteed to have constant luck!
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Cuba Children's New Year's holiday in Cuba is called Kings Day. The wizard kings who bring gifts to children are named Balthazar, Gaspar and Melchor. The day before, children write letters to them in which they tell them about their cherished desires. On New Year's Eve, Cubans fill all the dishes in the house with water, and at midnight they begin to pour it out of the windows. Thus, all residents of Liberty Island wish the New Year a bright and clear path, like water. In the meantime, while the clock strikes 12 strokes, you need to eat 12 grapes, and then goodness, harmony, prosperity and peace will accompany you all twelve months.
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Panama There are numerous New Year's traditions in Panama, which Panamanians are very sensitive to and pass on to future generations. One of the most common customs for the New Year is to celebrate it as noisily as possible. When the New Year arrives, an unimaginable noise arises: cars are honking, people are screaming, dogs are barking... In the middle of the night it becomes very light - people are setting off fireworks and firecrackers everywhere. According to ancient belief, noise and light ward off evil. It is very popular to burn various dolls and mannequins at the stake, which are made by hand from paper, straw and other materials. By burning dolls at the stake, the residents of Panama say goodbye to the old year, and with it all sorts of misfortunes, adversities, failures and illnesses. And, of course, on New Year's Day Panamanians cannot do without visits. On this day, people visit their relatives and friends to congratulate them on the holiday and wish them good luck in the coming year.
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Hungary In Hungary, during the “fateful” first second of the New Year, they prefer to whistle - using not their fingers, but children’s pipes, horns, and whistles. It is believed that they are the ones who drive away evil spirits from the home and call for joy and prosperity. When preparing for the holiday, Hungarians do not forget about the magical power of New Year's dishes: beans and pears preserve the strength of spirit and body, apples - beauty and love, nuts can protect from harm, garlic - from diseases, and honey - sweeten life.
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Canada New Year is celebrated calmly and peacefully. Many people spend this holiday as an ordinary day of rest. Traditionally, Canadians celebrate this holiday not at the table, but on the street, among friends and acquaintances, or at cheerful friendly parties. But for many, celebrating the first minutes of the coming year still remains a family holiday, regardless of where it is held - at home or outside. On the main square of Toronto, a city that is the center of culture and business in Canada, on the evening of December 31, a concert is traditionally held to celebrate the New Year. This colorful entertainment show, in which famous presenters, singers, and performers take part, is exciting and fun every time. It ends when the clock strikes exactly midnight. After the festive concert, the New Year's fun focuses on the skating rink in the city center, where music continues to play for a long time, and skating, so beloved by Canadians, continues.
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India In different parts of India, New Year is celebrated at different times of the year. At the beginning of summer there is Lori holiday. Children collect dry branches, straw, and old things from the house in advance. In the evening, large bonfires are lit, around which people dance and sing. And when autumn comes, Diwali is celebrated - the festival of lights. Thousands of lamps are placed on the roofs of houses and on window sills and lit on the festive night. The girls float small boats across the water, with lights on them too.
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Israel New Year (Rosh Hashanah) is celebrated in Israel on the first two days of the month of Tishrei (September). Rosh Hashanah is the anniversary of the creation of the world and the beginning of the reign of God. On this day, the acceptance of God as ruler is reaffirmed. The New Year holiday is a day of intense prayers and low-key fun. According to custom, on the eve of the holiday they eat special food: apples with honey, pomegranate, fish, as a symbolic expression of hopes for the coming year. Each meal is accompanied by a short prayer. Generally, it is customary to eat sweet foods and abstain from bitter foods. On the first day of the New Year, it is customary to go to the water and say the Tashlikh prayer.
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Burma In Burma, the New Year falls between April 12 and April 17. The Ministry of Culture notifies the exact day of the celebration by a special order, and the holiday lasts three days. According to ancient beliefs, the rain gods live on the stars. Sometimes they gather at the edge of the sky to play with each other. And then it rains on the earth, which promises a rich harvest. To gain the favor of the star spirits, the Burmese came up with a competition - tug of war. Men from two villages take part in them, and in the city - from two streets. And women and children applaud and shout, urging on the lazy rain spirits.
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Czech Republic and Slovakia A cheerful man, dressed in a shaggy fur coat, a tall lambskin hat, and with a box on his back, comes to Czech and Slovak children. His name is Mikulas. For those who studied well, he always has gifts.
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Ukraine In Ukraine, New Year's Eve was called "generous evening." Children walked from house to house, carried a large straw doll, Kolyada, congratulated the owners, sang songs - “shchedrovki” or “carols”. Guests were given gifts - horses, cows, and cockerels baked from dough.
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Holland Santa Claus arrives in Holland on a ship. The children joyfully greet him at the pier. Santa Claus loves funny pranks and surprises and often gives children marzipan fruits, toys, and candy flowers.
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Scotland In Scotland, more precisely, in some villages of this country, the New Year is celebrated with a kind of torchlight procession: barrels of tar are set on fire and rolled through the streets. In this way, the Scots “burn” the old year and light the way for the new one. The morning of the New Year is even more important for them than New Year's Eve itself: after all, the well-being of the owners depends on who is the first to enter the house on this day. It is believed that a dark-haired man who comes with a gift brings happiness.
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Afghanistan Nowruz, the Afghan New Year, falls on March 21. This is the time when agricultural work begins. The village elder makes the first furrow in the field. On the same day, fun fairs open, where magicians, tightrope walkers, and musicians perform.
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Ethiopia New Year in Ethiopia begins on September 11th. It coincides with the end of the big rains and the beginning of the harvest. On New Year's Eve, festive processions, fun games and festivities are organized, and the bravest compete in jumping over fire.
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Austria Here, the modern custom of gifts and greetings for the New Year was widespread at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries. Now it is customary to give figurines or send postcards with traditional symbols of happiness - soottruss, four-leaf clover, pig. Dinner on December 31st should be rich so that you can live well in the new year. Jellied pig or pork was a mandatory meat dish. They believed that in order to be happy, you need to eat a piece of the head or snout of a pig - this is called “taking part in the pig’s happiness.”
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Bulgaria In Bulgaria, people traditionally celebrate the New Year at home. Before the start of the holiday, the youngest person in the house stands near the Christmas tree and sings carols to the guests. Grateful relatives and guests give him gifts. The most interesting thing begins with the 12th strike of the clock. At this time, the lights in the houses go out for a moment for New Year's kisses. Only after this does the hostess begin to cut the pie with surprises baked in it. If you get a coin - expect wealth, a rose branch - love. The same surprise cake tradition is common in Romania.
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Brazil On New Year's Eve, residents of Rio de Janeiro go to the ocean and bring gifts to the Goddess of the Sea Yemanja. The traditional white clothes that everyone wears to celebrate the New Year symbolize the prayer for peace addressed to Yemanja. The Goddess of the Sea was worshiped by the descendants of Africans who were once brought into slavery in galleys to Brazil. Now the worship of this goddess has become part of Brazilian culture. Believers bring gifts to the goddess: flowers, white candles, perfumes, mirrors, jewelry. Gifts are placed in small boats and sent out to sea as a sign of gratitude for the past year and as a request for protection in the coming year. Other colors are sometimes added to white clothes, meaning additional requests: health - pink, hope - green, attraction, love - red, prosperity - yellow or gold.
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It is interesting how the New Year is celebrated in different countries of the world.
It was in England that the custom of exchanging greeting cards for the New Year arose. The first New Year's card was printed in London in 1843. On New Year's Eve, performances based on English fairy tales are staged on the central streets. At exactly midnight, the British go out into the courtyard and launch celebratory rockets. But unlike Russia, the British are surrounded not by white snowdrifts, but by neatly trimmed lawns. Santa Claus delivers gifts to children. Children write in advance a list of what they would like to receive. The letter is thrown into the fireplace so that the smoke from the chimney delivers a list of wishes to Santa Claus.
In Bulgaria, it is traditional to celebrate the New Year at home. Before the holiday begins, the youngest person in the house stands near the Christmas tree and sings carols to the guests. In gratitude, kind uncles and aunts give him gifts. The fun begins at the 12th stroke of the clock. At this time, the lights in the houses go out for a moment for New Year's kisses. Only after this does the hostess begin to cut the pie with surprises baked in it. If you get a coin, expect wealth, a sprig of roses - love.
In Brazil, the coming year is celebrated with cannon fire. Hearing them, people start hugging. The streets of Brazilian cities are festively decorated for the New Year, with small bells hanging on lamp posts.
In Vietnam, New Year is celebrated according to the lunar calendar, between January 21 and February 19, when spring begins here. There are bouquets of flowers at the festive table. On New Year's Eve, it is customary to give each other peach tree branches with swollen buds. At dusk, Vietnamese people light bonfires in parks, gardens or on the streets, and several families gather around the bonfires. Special rice delicacies are cooked over coals. Children eagerly wait for midnight, when they can start firing small homemade firecrackers.
The custom of decorating the New Year tree was born in Germany. As soon as the clock begins to strike midnight, people jump up on chairs, tables, armchairs and, with the last strike, unanimously jump into the New Year with joyful greetings. In Germany, they believe that Santa Claus appears on a donkey on New Year's Day. Before going to bed, children put a plate on the table for the gifts that Santa Claus will bring them, and put hay in their shoes - a treat for his donkey.
In different parts of India, New Year is celebrated at different times of the year. At the beginning of summer there is Lori holiday. Children collect dry branches, straw, and old things from the house in advance. In the evening, large bonfires are lit, around which people dance and sing.
And when autumn comes, Diwali is celebrated - the festival of lights. Thousands of lamps are placed on the roofs of houses and on window sills and lit on the festive night. Girls float little boats on the water,
on which the lights are also burning. Residents of northern India decorate themselves with flowers in shades of pink, red, purple or white. In south India, mothers place sweets, flowers and small gifts on a special tray. On New Year's morning, children wait with their eyes closed until they are led to the tray. Only then do they receive their gifts.
New Year in Spain is a public holiday. After all, it is on this night that lovers of ritual rites and traditions rush to the central square to the huge Christmas tree to enjoy grapes. During the striking of the clock, each of the thousand gathered around the tree tries to eat 12 grapes. Each grape symbolizes one of the coming months, and having time to eat all 12 is a “guaranteed” fulfillment of your cherished desire. This funny tradition also applies to those who celebrate the New Year at home. Grapes are placed on each plate.
In Italy, the New Year begins on January 6th. According to legends, on this night the good Fairy Befana flies in on a magic broom. She looks exactly like our Baba Yaga! Befana opens the doors with a small golden key and, entering the room where the children sleep, fills the children's stockings, specially hung by the fireplace, with gifts. For those who have studied poorly or been naughty, Befana leaves a pinch of ash or coal. Italian Santa Claus - Babbo Natale. He is good-natured, cheerful, ruddy, with a luxurious white beard, dressed in a red sheepskin coat and red trousers. Very often you can find information from various sources that Italians throw unnecessary things out of windows on New Year’s Day. This tradition has not been observed in Italy for a long time. In Italy, on New Year's Eve it is officially allowed to scream with all your might and say goodbye to the old year.
The Chinese celebrate New Year twice. One is on January 1, the other is on a day calculated according to the Chinese lunar calendar. This could be any day between January 23rd and February 19th. It is customary to give amulets and talismans for the holiday. Those who come to China for Christmas notice, first of all, the Trees of Light, an analogue of our Christmas tree. They are decorated in oriental style with bright and exquisite lanterns, flowers, and garlands. Chinese Christians use these same decorations in the festive decoration of their homes. On the eve of the holiday, little Chinese hang stockings on the walls, where Dong Che Lao Ren (Grandfather Christmas) puts his Christmas gifts.
In snowy Finland, the main winter holiday is Christmas, which is celebrated on December 25th. On Christmas night, having overcome a long journey from Lapland, Father Frost comes to homes, leaving a large basket of gifts for the joy of the children. Santa Claus wears a tall cone-shaped hat, long hair and red clothes. He is surrounded by gnomes in peaked hats and capes trimmed with white fur.
New Year is a kind of repetition of Christmas. Once again the whole family gathers around a table bursting with a variety of dishes. On New Year's Eve, Finns try to find out their future and tell fortunes by melting wax and then pouring it into cold water. Girls throw a shoe over their shoulder on New Year's Day. If he falls toe towards the door, there will be a wedding.
French Santa Claus - Père Noel - comes on New Year's Eve and leaves gifts in children's shoes. The one who gets the bean baked into the New Year's pie receives the title of "bean king" and on the festive night everyone obeys his orders. Santons are wooden or clay figurines that are placed near the Christmas tree.
108 strikes of the bell herald the arrival of the New Year in Japan. In the first seconds of the New Year, you should laugh - this should bring good luck. And so that happiness comes into the house, the Japanese decorate it, or rather the front door, with branches of bamboo and pine - symbols of longevity and fidelity.
Pine represents longevity, bamboo - fidelity. In the morning, when the New Year comes into its own, the Japanese go out of their houses into the street to greet the sunrise. At first light they congratulate each other and give gifts. Japanese children celebrate the New Year in new clothes. It is believed to bring health and good luck in the New Year. On New Year's Eve, they hide under their pillow a picture of a sailboat on which seven fairy-tale wizards are sailing - the seven patrons of happiness. Ice palaces and castles, huge snow sculptures of fairy-tale heroes decorate northern Japanese cities on New Year's Eve.
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The very first Santa Claus was St. Nicholas. When leaving, he left the poor family who sheltered him golden apples in a shoe in front of the fireplace.
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On December 5, the Belgian Santa Claus - St. Nicholas - arrives from Spain by ship. He rides on a horse, wearing a miter and a white bishop's robe. He is accompanied by a servant - a Moor, who carries a bag of gifts and rods for naughty people.
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German children, having broken some toy, put the fragments in the fireplace, and blamed it on Mr. Niemand (“NOBODY”), the prototype of Santa Claus.
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There are two Santa Clauses in France: one is called “Father January” - Père Noel, walks with a staff and wears a wide-brimmed hat. He brings gifts to the children in a basket. The second one is called Shaland. This bearded old man wears a fur hat and a warm traveling cloak. His basket contains rods for naughty and lazy children.
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There are two Santa Clauses in Sweden: a stooped grandfather with a knobby nose - Yultomten and the dwarf Julnissaar. Both of them go from house to house on New Year's Eve and leave gifts on the windowsills.
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In Italy, in addition to Santa Claus - Babbo Natale, the good Fairy Befana comes to obedient children. She flies through the chimney and gives gifts to the children. The naughty ones get coal from the evil sorceress Befana.
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The “snow grandfather” - Korbobo (Father Frost) in a striped robe rides into the Uzbek villages riding on a donkey. The guest is greeted by Korgyz (Snow Maiden).
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Finnish Santa Claus - Jollupukki lives in Lapland and happily answers children's letters. He wears a tall cone-shaped hat, long hair, and red clothing. He is surrounded by gnomes in peaked hats and capes.
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In Norway, gifts for children are given to Nisse - cute little brownies. Nisse wear knitted caps and love tasty things.
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In Estonia, Santa Claus is called Jõuluvan and he is similar to his Finnish relative.
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In the USA, Canada, Great Britain and Western Europe, he is called Santa Claus. He is dressed in a red jacket trimmed with white fur and red trousers. There is a red cap on the head. Santa Claus smokes a pipe, travels through the air on reindeer, and enters a house through a pipe. Children leave milk and cookies for him under the tree.
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Only the Russian Father Frost has a family. Wife - Winter and granddaughter - Snow Maiden.
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The ancient Germanic tribes believed that the spirit of the forest lived in the spruce tree and protected plants, animals and birds. So they tried to appease this mighty spirit; they paid homage to the spruce tree, bringing their trophies to it - gifts, decorating it. The Dutch and English saw this tree as a symbol of eternal youth and strength.
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In Russia, the New Year tree was introduced by Peter 1. On January 1, 1700, he ordered that all houses be decorated with spruce (juniper or pine) branches according to the samples exhibited in Gostiny Dvor. We have a Christmas tree. And where it is not? In Vietnam, it is replaced by peach branches. In Japan, bamboo and plum branches are attached to pine branches.
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How do you decorate a Christmas tree? What's extra? Why?
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It's snowing outside. Holiday is coming soon.... New Year
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Game “Do you believe...?” Do you believe that in Russia the New Year used to be celebrated on September 1? Yes, since 1700 Peter 1 issued a decree to celebrate specifically in the winter months.
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3. Do you believe that in Panama, with the last stroke of the clock, the streets are filled with the ringing of bells, car sirens, screams, and knocks? Yes, everyone is trying to make more noise and appease the New Year.
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4. Do you believe that in Mongolia it is customary to pour apple compote on each other on New Year’s Day? No.
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5. Do you believe that in Greece, when the clock strikes, everyone runs to swim in the sea? No.
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6. Do you believe that in Sweden on New Year's Day they smash old dishes against the doors of houses? The more shards, the more happiness? Yes.
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7. Do you believe that in Australia it’s customary to smear jam on each other on New Year’s Day? No.
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8. Do you believe that in Hungary they decorate apple trees instead of Christmas trees? No.
Class hour
Topic: “How the New Year is celebrated in different countries of the world”
Target. Acquaintance with the history, customs and traditions of the New Year holiday in Russia and other countries of the world.
Tasks.
To introduce the peculiarities of New Year celebrations in Russia and other countries. Form ideas about folk traditions.
Develop creative abilities, cognitive interest, thinking, speech, acting skills.
To cultivate a sense of beauty, a culture of communication, respect for the traditions and customs of other countries.
Relevance.
The class hour is dedicated to celebrating the New Year and is filled not only with useful and educational information, but also with a variety of fun competitions and games that will bring children a good mood before the holiday.
Equipment.
Presentation on the topic “How the New Year is celebrated in different countries”, musical accompaniment “Dance of the little ducklings”, a blank sheet of paper for each student, coloring pages with a New Year theme.
Progress of the class hour:
Riddle on the topic.
To the first step
A young guy stood up
To the twelfth step
A gray-haired old man came. (Old and New Year)
It's always on New Year's Eve
Goes on a hike
To celebrate the holiday with us,
To make the children happy.
Who is this, that’s the question?
Well, of course…….(Santa Claus)
2. Teacher's opening speech.
Guys, what holiday is coming up? How do we celebrate this holiday? Who do we always wait for in the New Year? How do Father Frost and Snow Maiden come to us?
-(children's answers)
How many of you know where the custom of celebrating the New Year in January came from?
- (children's answer)
More than 300 years ago, Russian Tsar Peter 1 brought this tradition from Europe. He issued a decree to celebrate the New Year according to the new calendar, i.e. January 1 (before this, the New Year in Russia was celebrated in the fall, and even earlier in the spring). In the same decree, he wrote that in the houses of both peasants and nobles, a Christmas tree should be installed and decorated for the holiday; it could also be decorated with pine branches. Tsar Peter 1 decreed that everyone congratulate each other, go to visit and give gifts. He also ordered everyone to shoot guns and cannons into the air on New Year’s Eve so that the holiday would be no worse than in Europe and to celebrate for 7 days.
3. New Year in different countries.
Do you guys want to know how new things are celebrated in other countries?
Then we sit back and hit the road.
The first country we will go to is the Land of the Rising Sun - Japan, which is one of the first to celebrate the New Year. On New Year's Eve, Japanese children draw. It is believed that a wish will come true if you put a drawing and image of what you dream about under your pillow. Japanese children also love to practice origami and cut out different figures with scissors. In Japan, it is customary to celebrate the New Year in new clothes. It brings good luck and health. Japanese Santa Claus is called Shigatsu San. The house is decorated with bamboo and pine branches. These trees are considered symbols of longevity and fidelity. In the first minutes of the coming New Year, you must laugh; this, according to Japanese legends, will bring good luck in the new year.
(invite children to try to adopt the traditions of Japanese children)
Competition: The guys must draw their dreams on pieces of paper and then put them under their pillow at home. (sheets will be given in advance, approximate time 5-7 minutes)
The next country we will go to is Italy. Exactly at midnight, with the last stroke of the clock, the windows of the houses are thrown wide open, and bedside tables and couches, chairs and armchairs that have served their purpose fly out into the street. In the provinces of Italy, this custom has long existed: on January 1, early in the morning, you need to bring “new water” from a source to your house. If you have nothing to give to your friends, the Italians say, give “new water” with an olive branch.” It is believed that “new” water brought before sunrise brings happiness. It is also very important for an Italian who he meets first in the New Year. If on January 1 an Italian meets a monk or priest, this is a bad omen. It is also undesirable to bump into a small child, but meeting a nice old man is good. And even better - a hunchback... Then the New Year will definitely be prosperous!
We continue our journey and find ourselves in France. The French Santa Claus is called Pere Noel (Bean King). Pere Noel also comes to every home, gives gifts, and the children read poetry, sing and dance for him. An interesting tradition of the “French New Year” is to put gifts in large wooden shoes and place them under the Christmas tree. This rustic shoe symbolizes good luck and prosperity! French Santa Claus Pere Noel comes on New Year's Eve and leaves gifts in children's shoes. The one who gets the bean baked into the New Year's pie receives the title of "bean king" and on the festive night everyone obeys his orders. Dance: Did you know that “Dance of the Little Ducklings” is a French song? Let's dance it. (PHYSICAL MINUTE)
4. Game “Dress up the Christmas tree.”
The guys and I will play an interesting game.
I will tell the kids what we decorate the Christmas tree with.
Listen carefully and be sure to answer!
If I tell you it's true, say yes in response.
Well, if it’s suddenly incorrect, answer boldly “no”
Multi-colored firecrackers? Blankets and pillows?
Cots and cribs? Marmalades, chocolates?
Glass balls? Are the chairs wooden?
Teddy bears? Primers and books?
Are the beads multi-colored? Are the garlands light?
Snow made from white cotton wool? Satchels and briefcases?
Shoes and boots? Cups, forks, spoons?
Are the candies shiny? Are tigers real?
Are the cones golden? Are the stars radiant?
5.Final part
Well, guys, did we have an interesting class hour today? What do you remember most? Where would you like to go on New Year's Day to see how they celebrate this holiday? All wishes will come true someday, you just need to really want it. Let your wishes come true, maybe not this year, even later, the main thing is to believe in miracles and then they will happen. At the end of our class hour, I want to congratulate you on the upcoming New Year:
May the New Year bring you good luck
Smiles, joy, happiness and success.
After all, New Year means so much in life,
And let this New Year be the best!
Game task for home: coloring book with New Year's images.
Slide 1
Celebrating the New Year in different countries of the world Performed by: Nastya Knyazeva, 1D grade student Supervisor: T.I. Voronina Balakovo Municipal Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 20”Slide 2
New Year is the most favorite holiday of children. Every child is waiting for some gifts. In every family, children with great joy decorate their rooms, prepare New Year's cards, write letters to Santa Claus, decorate the Christmas tree and wait for an extraordinary miracle, and suddenly at that moment the door of the room opens and on the threshold are Father Frost and the Snow Maiden. This is how the New Year is celebrated in Russia. Russia Father Frost and Snow Maiden
Slide 3
In Russia, the New Year tree was introduced by Peter 1. On January 1, 1700, he ordered that all houses be decorated with spruce (juniper or pine) branches according to the samples exhibited in Gostiny Dvor. We have a Christmas tree. And in Vietnam it is replaced by peach branches. In Japan, bamboo and plum branches are attached to pine branches.
Slide 4
Slide 5
China. You need to douse yourself with water while people are congratulating you. In China, the New Year tradition of bathing the Buddha has been preserved. On this day, all Buddha statues in temples and monasteries are respectfully washed in clean water from mountain springs. And people themselves douse themselves with water at the moment when others pronounce New Year's wishes for happiness at them. Therefore, on this holiday, everyone walks the streets in thoroughly wet clothes. On New Year's Day, red color predominates everywhere - the color of the sun, the color of joy.
Slide 6
Greece. Guests carry stones - large and small. In Greece, guests take with them a large stone, which they throw at the threshold, saying the words: “May the wealth of the owner be as heavy as this stone.” And if they don’t get a big stone, they throw a small stone with the words: “Let the thorn in the owner’s eye be as small as this stone.” New Year is the day of St. Basil, who was known for his kindness. Greek children leave their shoes by the fireplace in the hope that St. Basil will fill the shoes with gifts.
Slide 7
Cuba. They pour water out of the windows. On New Year's Eve, Cubans fill all the dishes in the house with water, and at midnight they start pouring it out of the windows. This is how all the residents of Liberty Island wish the New Year a bright and clear path, like water. In the meantime, while the clock strikes 12 strokes, you need to eat 12 grapes, and then goodness, harmony, prosperity and peace will accompany you all twelve months. Children's New Year's holiday in Cuba is called Kings Day. The Cuban New Year is similar to ours, only here instead of a Christmas tree they decorate araucaria - a local coniferous plant
Slide 8
Italy. On New Year's Day, irons and old chairs fly from the windows. Italian Santa Claus - Babbo Natale. In Italy, it is believed that the New Year should begin, freed from everything old. Therefore, on New Year's Eve it is customary to throw old things out of windows. Italians really like this custom, and they fulfill it with the passion characteristic of southerners: old irons, chairs and other rubbish fly out the window. According to signs, new things will certainly take the vacated space. In Italy, the New Year begins on January 6th.
Slide 9
Germany. Santa Claus comes to the Germans on a donkey. In Germany, they believe that Santa Claus appears on a donkey on New Year's Day. Before going to bed, children put a plate on the table for the gifts that Santa Claus will bring them, and put hay in their shoes - a treat for his donkey. The custom of bringing a Christmas tree home and decorating it arose in the 16th century in Germany. Since then, a Christmas tree has been installed in every home on New Year's Day.
Slide 10
France. A bean is baked into a gingerbread French Santa Claus - Père Noel - comes on New Year's Eve and leaves gifts in children's shoes. The one who gets the bean baked into the New Year's pie receives the title of "bean king" and on the festive night everyone obeys his orders.
Slide 11
Finland - Homeland of Father Frost Finnish Father Frost, who is considered the most real in the world, is actually called quite funny - Joulupukki. This is translated, oddly enough, as Christmas Goat. There is nothing offensive in the second part of the name, it’s just that many years ago Santa Claus wore not a fur coat, but a goat’s skin and also delivered gifts on a goat. On New Year's Eve, having overcome the long journey from Lapland, Father Frost comes to the house, leaving a large basket of gifts for the joy of the children.
Slide 12
Panama The Loudest New Year In Panama at midnight, when the New Year is just beginning, all the bells ring, sirens howl, cars honk. The Panamanians themselves - both children and adults - at this time shout loudly and knock on everything they can get their hands on. And all this noise is to “appease” the year that is coming.
Slide 13
India. New Year - the festival of lights In different parts of India, New Year is celebrated at different times of the year. At the beginning of summer there is Lori holiday. Children collect dry branches, straw, and old things from the house in advance. In the evening, large bonfires are lit, around which people dance and sing. And when autumn comes, Diwali is celebrated - the festival of lights. Thousands of lamps are placed on the roofs of houses and on window sills and lit on the festive night. The girls float small boats across the water, with lights on them too.
Slide 14
America Greeting Card Record Holder America annually breaks all records for greeting cards and New Year's gifts. On Christmas night, groups of boys and girls with lanterns in their hands carry from house to house a large cardboard star decorated with pieces of colored paper. Children sing funny songs, and residents offer them refreshing drinks and treat them with sweets.
Slide 15
Japan. The best gift is a rake to rake in happiness. The most popular New Year's accessory is a rake. Every Japanese believes that it is necessary to have them in order to have something to rake in happiness for the New Year. In the first seconds of the New Year, you should laugh - this should bring good luck. In the morning, when the New Year comes into its own, the Japanese go out of their houses into the street to greet the sunrise. At first light they congratulate each other and give gifts.
Slide 16
England The tradition of “letting in the New Year” The custom of “letting in the New Year” is widespread in the British Isles. When the clock strikes 12, the back door of the house is opened to let out the Old Year, and with the last stroke of the clock, the front door is opened to let in the New Year. Throughout New Year's Eve, street vendors sell toys, whistles, squeakers, masks, and balloons. In England, the custom arose of exchanging greeting cards for the New Year.
Slide 17
Santa Claus In the USA, Canada, Great Britain and Western Europe, Father Frost is called Santa Claus. He is dressed in a red jacket trimmed with white fur and red trousers. There is a red cap on the head. Santa Claus smokes a pipe, travels through the air on reindeer, and enters a house through a pipe. Children leave milk and cookies for him under the tree.
Slide 18
Hungary You need to whistle for the New Year In Hungary, in the “fateful” first second of the New Year, they prefer to whistle - and using not their fingers, but children's pipes, horns, and whistles. It is believed that they are the ones who drive away evil spirits from the home and call for joy and prosperity.
