Immediately I ask you not to throw slippers at me and not to write "it's my own fault." It's probably her fault that this happened. But what to do now, I do not know.
Teenage son aged 15. She raised him all her life alone, before school her grandmother (my mother) helped. In the "opu did not blow", on the contrary, she was quite demanding, the style of upbringing is closer to authoritarian. But our relationship was always friendly (not familiar): we went on vacation together, on excursions, went in for sports. The son grew up trouble-free: he did not hooligan, was sociable, strove for knowledge, shared his interests with me.
And then the transitional age came (((The son began to be rude, snap, skip school. When I tried to wean him from the computer, he could push me away. I already felt this alarm call, we went to a psychologist. And 2 days ago, the son again raised his hand to me And I didn’t just push it away, trying to protect my computer, but hit it hard on my sore leg (I knew it was sick) with such anger, and I didn’t even touch it (((I was in shock ... and still am. .. I don’t know how to continue to live!!! It’s like everything inside me broke off, the light went out, which constantly motivated me for my development and the development of my son. I feel that I can’t love him as much as before, even to see him I don't understand how I could raise such a man who could hit a woman, especially a mother!!! For what? I put my whole soul into him, time! Thoughts arise even about an orphanage, maybe there he will find another mother who will love and not hate like me? completely refuse. All thoughts together...
I'm writing... I don't know why... it's very hard on my heart... Maybe at least someone will tell you a way out...
All will pass
Could you come to terms with such a choice of your children, come to terms with the fact that your dreams of grandchildren, about some kind of career that you have not found yourself in the world are flying into hell. . 
Anonymous
I am the mother of a monster girl: the monster is thirteen years old, he is not scary, not evil, he is very rational and purposeful: he will study at Baumansky, he will never get married, gentlemen are not interested, children are “a horror that should be avoided from the word“ categorically ".
This, in fact, was the program of the monster now. Declaration. Declaration. bullshit you say? No matter how! Down and Out trouble started! A triple in algebra has been corrected to a solid five. Acquired glasses without diopters - "I don't need chocolate, I don't see chocolate." The entire wardrobe is plaid and black overgrowth. Everything! The process has started...
Are we losing her?
Tell me, as a mother, do I have hope?
Tarenta
Good evening! We have been in a relationship with my ex-husband since 2012 .. There have already been many things, both bad and good, I must say right away that his character is difficult, but I always loved him. After 6 years of relationship, I finally got pregnant, and even with twins! But when our daughters were already 8 months old, he left us, after a month of his absence, I filed for divorce. And half a year later I completed the renovation in the apartment (not without the help of my parents, of course, we lived with them all the time of the renovation). So, in May of this year, when we returned, he began to visit us. Then I found out that he had already been in a relationship (he was 31 and his pigolitsa was 18 years old, and even flirted with 15). Of course, I was in shock, but for the sake of my daughters, I stopped keeping evil at him, and I myself soon forgave him .. As a result, he "seems to be" with us, but at the same time "not." All the talk about returning him home gives him verbal diarrhea and a bunch of ways to quarrel. He just stupidly visits us 2-3 times a week and also lives separately from us. He always gives something to children, he never goes empty-handed. But nothing serious is being done to return to the family! I'm already tired .. Help with advice, how to be something in general? The children love him, I also forgave him already, I love him .. Do you think there is a chance to restore the family? ...
103Anonymous
I will not pull, I will say right away. I am unpleasant, as a person, the singer Alexander Malinin and his family, of course, especially his wife Emma. Under the guise of "grooming, femininity, intelligence" - a predatory, self-satisfied, domineering and arrogant woman. If anyone is not in the subject, raise the story of Malinin's illegitimate daughter from O. Zarubina and Emma's reaction to this and everything will fall into place. Question: why and why do we, ordinary people, allow and support such characters, "admire" in the comments their exclusivity, feed and support them in the opinion that they are worth something, these are just clowns for the entertainment of the public and live at the expense of us and we are despised. It is really impossible to turn on the TV, open the Internet, these "artists" are everywhere.
100Maternity leave in Italy lasts only 5 months, so working parents have to think about finding a nursery for their baby very early.
In Italy, nurseries (asilo-nido) accept children from 3 months. There are 3 types of nurseries: public, private and private with state accreditation.
Kindergarten in italy
Which one to choose depends on the preferences and income of the parents.
In public nurseries and kindergartens you need to sign up in advance. Places in them are limited and distributed in order of priority, that is, those who applied earlier and the twins have an advantage. The application itself is submitted to the administration at the place of residence. The amount of payment depends on the income of the parents, the minimum is paid by those whose income does not exceed 7,000 euros per year.
In private, if there are free places, you can get at any time.
Their cost starts from 300 euros per month, in addition, in some nurseries, food and diapers are additionally paid. Private nurseries have their advantages, for example, they do not close for strikes, they are open almost the whole year (with the exception of public holidays and the month of August).
By the way, otherwise, in Italy, public nurseries are in no way inferior to private ones, and sometimes even better. So the choice of which nursery to send the child to, public or private, depends on the preferences of the parents and on the level of income.
A child can be sent to a kindergarten (scuola materna) from the age of 3. However, some parents give even earlier, at 2.5 years (not in all municipalities this is possible). The main condition for admission to kindergarten is the fact that the child must be able to go to the potty and eat independently.
By the way, you will be surprised, but in some kindergartens in Italy, the child will not change his pants if he suddenly forgets to run to the potty. They will call mom and dad to come and change the baby. They say that it has something to do with the fight against pedophilia. Friends, if you have come across this, be sure to write me about it in the comments.
Kindergartens are open from 8 am to 4 pm, from Monday to Friday (rare kindergartens are open on Saturdays), from September to July, they are closed for 2 weeks for the Christmas holidays and the New Year.
The cost of education also depends on whether the kindergarten is public or private, as well as on the income of the parents. In public kindergartens, only food is paid and, if desired, additional classes with children, for example, foreign languages or gymnastics. In some preschool institutions, buses circulate that carry babies (from three years old) from home and home from school. It must have a teacher who watches over the children during the trip.
By the way, teachers in kindergartens usually try very hard, because their job is just a dream - they work 9 months a year, a lot of holidays and non-working days, while the rest work, all social guarantees and privileges, quite a sane salary (around 1200 euros per month ).
Personally, the schedule of kindergartens seems very strange to me, because it turns out that at 4 o’clock in the afternoon the child must already be taken from the kindergarten, and the working day of parents, as a rule, is at least up to 5, if you are lucky, or even up to 6-7 hours evenings.
The Italian state somehow did not think over this issue. The same is true for summer holidays - parents have only a month's vacation, and the kindergarten is closed from July to September. That is, families that are deprived of the support of grandparents have to deal with more than just such a schedule.
The main advantage of the Italian educational system, in my opinion, is that you can send the baby to the nursery very early, allowing the mother to return to her work or just take a breath.
The downside is the fact that the kindergarten, in my opinion, does not sufficiently support families in relation to the daily time spent by children in preschool educational institutions (it closes too early and there are a lot of non-working days).
Of course, there is an option to find a babysitter or leave children in the so-called baby parking lots, but all this is not very cheap and not everyone can afford it.
Italian Republic - A state in Southern Europe, in the center of the Mediterranean Sea, at the crossroads of trade routes between West and East, which is an extremely important factor in the development of the country's economy in all eras. The capital of the state is Rome. Italy is a democratic parliamentary republic headed by a president. The executive power in the country belongs to the Council of Ministers.
In order to have a general idea of the atmosphere in which education was formed, formed and continues to develop in Italy, we will present a brief description of the country, its economy and population composition, which are the forming basis for the development of society, culture and history.
About 67% of the Italian population are city dwellers. Almost all the inhabitants of the country (93%) are Italians. As in many other developed countries, in Italy, in recent decades, the birth rate and natural population growth have been declining, the average family size is declining, and the nation is aging. The economically active population is 22.8 million, of which 12% are unemployed or young people looking for their first job. Many people go abroad in search of work. At the moment, due to the large flow of migrants, Italy itself uses the labor of foreign workers. The number of legal immigrants is high, and illegal immigration from the most disadvantaged countries has recently become a serious social problem and challenges the entire way of life.
The history of the formation of a kindergarten in Italy has its roots in the distant past. This organization has undergone an evolution in which it has been able to establish its educational goals, overcoming functions aimed only at caring for and looking after the child, and reach the level of the first stage of school education.
"Scuola dell" Infanzia" - "School of Childhood" - "Kindergarten" - a more familiar name for the Russian education system - as an institution, originates in 1968, by the adoption of law No. 444 of March 18, 1968, thanks to which, after long discussions, the tradition of the state's disinterest in this age category of children, which until now had been dealt with only by church parishes, religious organizations and municipalities, was interrupted.
However, institutions of this type had already existed since the Industrial Revolution, (18th century), when the manual labor of women in industry began to take them away from home and, as a result, it became necessary to look after children of preschool age in a certain place during their mothers' working hours. There were "Child care rooms" - "Sale di Custodia", a nursery - "Asili" - literally - shelters for children, which became the prototypes of modern kindergartens.
The merit of creating the first preschool institutions, in which, along with other types of education, elementary education was carried out with children (teachers talking about nature, telling fairy tales, reading children's books, and so on) in practice belongs to the English socialist - utopian - Robert Owen. This work experience was subsequently transferred to the UK, and then to France and Germany.
In 1839, thanks to the activities of the German teacher, Frederick Fröbel, "Kindergartens" were born, which became widespread and had a long life.
In Italy, the initiative to create kindergartens belongs to the priest Ferrante Aporti (1791 - 1858), who was sure that many of the troubles of a person come from his ignorance, and saw his mission in educating young people of all ages. In 1828, in Cremona (a city in the Italian region of Lombardy), he opened the first "Shelter for Children" ("Asilo d" infanzia "), in which babies from two and a half years old were accepted on a paid basis. Later, a kindergarten was opened, funded the Austrian state and a rural school for children.The initiative has spread to such regions as: Lombardy, Veneto, Tuscany, Emilia-Romagna.
Half a century later, Froebel Kindergartens also appeared in Italy - this was favored by the interest of the political elite of that time, as evidenced by the circular letter of the Minister of Education Coppino dated September 17, 1885.
The activities of the sisters Rosa and Carolina Agazzi are highly important, who opened the first Maternal School in 1895 in Mompiano, giving it such a name, because they believed that the educator should evoke the role and image of the mother and the school environment should accept the child as a family environment. The methods of work that were used are the methods of instrumental pedagogy (John Dewey), known and already used in many European countries. The bottom line was that young children from a very early age learned to do everything on their own, mainly in the form of a game, developing the free activity of the child and his creative potential. In one of her works, Rosa Agazzi emphasized the importance of creating a functional material environment for the development of the child. She wrote: "It is very strange that in the process of the present awakening of consciousness towards childhood, an authoritative voice has not responded, calling on planners and architects to listen not to their own imagination, but to those who live childhood and know its needs" .
The educational model of the Agazzi sisters was a huge success in Italy and in general terms it can be argued that it was followed until the end of the 20th century, especially since even the name "Mother's School" was adopted by law establishing a public school in 1968.
Another famous figure in the field of preschool education, who left behind a huge contribution to pedagogy, was Maria Montessori, who, working as a physician with mentally retarded children, adopted the methods she created for children who develop normally, and received optimal results. In 1907, in one of the most densely populated and poor quarters of Rome - San Lorenzo, she opened the first Children's Home, for kids from three to six years old, in work with whom she applied her method of scientific pedagogy, which became in 1909 a publication accepted with huge enthusiasm in Europe and around the world. The Montessori method has its origins in a new concept of childhood, which states that in the freedom of self-expression granted to the child are the seeds of development and growth.
Many visitors to the Children's Home have had the opportunity to watch children go about their activities calmly and joyfully without incentives in the form of rewards or suppression in the form of punishments.
The development of the child's intellectual abilities was prepared by sensory education, as a result of which the baby could freely manipulate the material that he chose, which helped him correct his mistakes on his own, without the help of a teacher. Montessori schools have spread in Italy and around the world, especially in North America. India was so interested in the new method of education that it invited an innovative educator to lecture during the Second World War.
It can be argued that Montessori has been recognized by the world as a teacher who "liberated" the child.
On March 18, 1968, a law was passed that established the Mother School at the state level, and approved a multi-year plan for the creation of preschool organizations of this format throughout Italy, especially in the south of the country. A period of rapid development of the school education system began: elementary schools everywhere expanded their schedule to full-time, nurseries opened, municipalities established school canteens, repaired old structures and erected new buildings. However, the Mother School, just as now, was not a compulsory stage of primary education, and the possibility of enrolling a child in this organization, especially in densely populated areas, was associated with the real possibility of the capacity of the structure, with the teaching staff and with the economic possibilities of the Municipality.
The law of 1968 marked a decisive transition from the perception of the Mother's School as a place for receiving children and caring for them, to a school with clearly defined goals, objectives, content, and methods. In the published Guidelines (Orientamenti), although there was a sense of direction reinforced by years of previous practice, a school of a new formation was already looming. They contained recommendations on the use of more advanced didactics methods that contribute to the development of the child. Educational programs, areas were indicated as spheres of action and activity, for the child to achieve his own goals, according to his own rhythm. It is the Guiding Principles that recognize for children the inalienable rights guaranteed to all by the Constitution - the right to education and training, and thus signify the evolution of the Mother School into the School of Childhood, as it is called now. The Guiding Principles emphasize the centrality of the child, recognize diversity, and pay attention to the psychophysical well-being of pupils. For a positive result of the work, as essential, stand out: flexibility in organizing activities, dialogue with parents, collegiality as a guiding principle in the work of the teaching staff, building positive relationships with nearby organizations.
In the decree of 1991, "Scuola Materna" - "Mother's School" is most often referred to as "Scuola dell" Infanzia " - "School of Childhood", since this name "most corresponds to the development that characterizes this structure at the moment" .
Law No. 53, adopted in 2003, recognizes the School of Childhood as the first stage of the educational process, which should affect the whole life of a person, defining its special tasks and functions as the main ones for the full development of a person in all its directions, in a relationship of continuity with subsequent levels of education. The School of Childhood contributes to the emotional, psychomotor, cognitive, moral, religious and social development of the child, teaches how to build relationships in society, reveals creativity and personal self-determination. italy preschool education montessori
The recommendations, in line with what is already expressed in the Guidelines, describe the educational environment as a place of acquiring practical experience, as the first and most important approach to culture, naturally in forms appropriate to the mental and psychic development of the child. The game is recommended as a factor in the development of the child and a channel of communication, the possibility of research and search, obtaining sensory experience, as well as gradual and correct progress towards symbolic representations of informal activities on the one hand, and the beginning of the path to mastering specific knowledge on the other.
The School of Childhood, based on the values of upbringing and education, relying on the knowledge of preschool education presented in Italian and foreign pedagogical literature, implements ministerial projects. Today it has become the flagship of the Italian school system, attracting the attention of many countries in Europe and the world.
According to recent studies, almost 98% of Italian kids attend the School of Childhood. This fact indicates the exceptional importance of the primary education of the child, the full development of his abilities, his talent to socialize, his personal and social growth.
Preschool institutions in Italy at the moment can be divided into public (communal) and private, belonging, most often, the Catholic Church - Monastic Orders, Religious organizations. There are also gardens and nurseries open at specific institutions, factories, firms. (asilo o/e asilo nido aziendal) or various associations. A system of alternative children's institutions has been developed, such as: micro nursery ("micro nido") - a private institution for 12-15 children; family nurseries ("nido famiglia") - a mother with special training and all the necessary permits takes a group of 3-4 children at home; included nurseries ("nido integrato"); a nursery (nursery group) as part of a kindergarten; baby parking ("baby parking"); children's center ("cePgo infanzia").
Italian kindergartens and schools, centers of education and culture, exist, work and develop in many countries of the world - where Italians live, where there are large or small diasporas of this people. In this context, it is interesting to mention such a phenomenon as Italian emigration, when in the period from 1861 to 1976, since the creation of Italy, about 13 million people emigrated from the country. Many went to the countries of northern Europe, to the USA, Canada, to the countries of Latin America.
According to statistics for 2014, about 3,000 thousand Italians live in Russia. Someone lives and works alone, but many come with their families, or create their families here, raising children in the cultural traditions of two or more peoples.
Having completed a brief historical excursion of preschool education in Italy, translating certain terms in a literal translation, further, in the text of this work, we will replace the name "School of Childhood" with "Kindergarten", since it is more familiar to perception, and at the same time not at all contradicts the essence of the phenomenon under study.
In the next paragraph, we will present the Italian school in Moscow, the center of concentration of Italian culture for children of preschool and school age and their parents, as well as the basis of our research.
According to Italian law, parental leave is designed for a short period, so the issue of kindergartens and nurseries is in the first place. Olga Merolla, who moved from Samara to Perugia three years ago, will tell us how Italian mothers get out of this situation.
Parental leave under Italian law is only 5 months. It is allowed to leave work on maternity leave 2 months before the expected date of birth and take care of a newborn for three months, thus saving 90-100% of wages. It is also possible to extend the vacation, but at the same time the amount of the payment will be reduced by up to 30%! It is in connection with this that most Italian parents prefer to find suitable preschools with nurseries and return to the office.
There are two main types of kindergartens. For the little ones, where children are accepted from the age of 3-4 months to 3 years. The nursery is open on working days of the week, that is, Saturday and Sunday they, like most other establishments, have days off, and in July and August the nursery is closed for holidays. The day in the nursery lasts until 16.30, but if for some reason the parents cannot pick up their child so early, then for a fee, kindergarten teachers will look after the baby until his parents arrive. Taking the child out for a walk, they will definitely look after him, how he is dressed - in sunny weather they will definitely put on a panama hat and comfortable shoes for the child, and in the rain - a jacket. In the summer, children can be offered active games in the sun or in the children's pool. In such weather, the child must be protected by clothing and sunscreen: panama, sunglasses with UV protection and light breathable clothing in which he will not overheat. Such products are presented in a wide range in the children's online store www.babybanz.ru, which offers children's products from the Australian manufacturer Baby Banz Inc.
According to statistics, today the situation with nurseries in the country is rather deplorable. Italy is in last place, compared with other European countries. This critical situation is explained by the existing tradition of raising a baby on his own at home, and not from the cradle to give him to nannies or nursery educators. Although many modern mothers, despite traditions, would agree to a freer routine of life by sending the child to a nursery. Also, the child acquires the skills of social life, a feeling of friendship appears.
As for the central regions of the country, such as Umbria and Tuscany, the “best” indicator is observed there, the figures are as follows: for 100 preschool children -33 free places in kindergartens. Interestingly, in the northern regions of the country, a larger number of children attend nurseries, approximately 29%, while in the southern part, in Sicily and Campania, only 2.5% of children attend preschools.
Such a noticeable difference in indicators is due to the fact that in the south of Italy family traditions are observed much more seriously than in other regions, and also the catastrophic lack of empty places in existing kindergartens makes itself felt. The unemployment rate in the southern regions of the country is also going through the roof, so a large number of mothers are simply forced to sit at home to raise a child. If we take indicators across the country, then about 25% of children in Italy simply cannot get a job in kindergartens. And, for example, in Sicily, this figure is 42%, followed by Tuscany with a figure of 33%.
The current situation forced Italy in 2009 to seek experience from Northern Europe, after which Italy began to practice "family kindergartens". The essence of this type of kindergarten is as follows - a group of children of 3-7 people during the daytime is under the supervision of a private educator at her home, as a rule, together with her own child. Naturally, such "kindergartens" cost a lot of money, but for most working mothers in Italy this is the only way out. Such a solution, plus everything, can solve the problem of unemployment in the country, every mother has the opportunity to earn money sitting at home, playing and studying with other people's children.
But, of course, organizing such a “garden” at home is not so easy; for this, a woman must be a mother herself or have a pedagogical education, or have work experience in an ordinary kindergarten. Before the start of the "garden", the room where the organization of children's leisure is planned is carefully thought out. It must be spacious, comfortable and above all safe. The average payment for such services is: half a day - 200 euros, for the whole day - 400 euros per month. But, unfortunately, there are very few such "private gardens" in Italy.
As for the public nursery or garden, the average cost is approximately 300 euros. But the cost of preschool services in other regions of Italy may be a different amount. So, for example, the price for a month of kindergarten in Rome is 146 euros, in Milan - 230, Venice - 316 and others.
The next step is the “mother school”, where children from 3 to 6 years old go. This "school" can be either private or public, but both types are paid for by parents. According to the age of the child, they are assigned to a group of about 15 to 30 children. By the number of such gardens in the country, Italy occupies a leading position in Europe. About 98% of Italian children attend pre-school institutions.
Three meals a day have been introduced in kindergartens - breakfast, afternoon tea and lunch. Parent fees for meals are paid separately from the general garden fee. One meal can be approximately 4-5 euros. As a rule, the gardens do not have their own dining room for cooking, it is delivered to them from a single large dining room, which cooks for several gardens. The gardens offer a bio-diet, that is, dishes are prepared from vegetables without additives and harmful fertilizers. The basis of the menu is a large amount of fruits, soups, mashed potatoes, rice, as well as light vegetable salads every day. Naturally, the Italians do not change the traditional pasta, they prepare different pasta dishes for children, for example, with vegetables.
Most kindergartens offer parents the service of transporting their children from home to kindergarten on buses belonging to the preschool. Such a service saves time for parents in the morning, but in the evening, after all, parents pick up their children on their own. The bus service fee is 25-35 euros per month.
Here is an officially confirmed list of what is taught in every preschool in Italy:
Physical activity;
I and others (basics of living together in society, morality);
Expansion of the child's vocabulary, rhetoric;
Foreign languages, self-expression, creativity;
Acquaintance with the surrounding world.
In some kindergartens, plus everything, they include cooking lessons, classes in the pool, arrange theater performances with the participation of both children and professional actors, in general, Italian children do everything that our Russian kids do in kindergartens. Some kindergartens offer the following classes: applique, modeling, choreography, music, drawing, mathematics, speech development, gymnastics, psychomotor skills, older children are offered English language learning and computer classes.
Often, private kindergartens in Italian cities are organized by nuns. Italy can be attributed to very religious countries, so Italian families prefer to have their children taken care of by church ministers. Naturally, no one in such institutions forces children to spend whole days in prayer, and does not put religious pressure on them, but prayers before meals and the singing of psalms are included in the standard course of classes. Classes are held with an obvious bias in the history of Catholicism, and holidays are held with a religious bias.
In Italy, it is customary that on the first day of the baby's stay in the kindergarten, the mother spends the whole day with him, from morning until evening. This involvement of the child in the established routine of the garden is called "inseremento" and corresponds to a strict schedule. For example, a mother on the first day is always next to the baby, on the second day they organize 15-minute pauses in their communication, the third day is spent with a pause of 30 minutes, and so on. "Inserimento" on average lasts about a week, but in some kindergartens this process can be organized differently and take a longer or shorter period of time.
The price of a kindergarten for children aged 3 to 6 is calculated taking into account the total family income. According to Italian law, there are certain categories of families who are entitled to payment benefits. For example, families where both parents are unemployed or only one family member works, as well as families with many children, can receive such benefits.
The monthly fee for such families is approximately 50-160 euros, depending on the annual income of the family and the region where it lives. The average amount paid by families per year is about 970 euros, but it should be borne in mind that these figures are averaged, that is, in one kindergarten group you can find a child whose parents pay 45 euros, as well as one for whom they pay 150 euros per month . The difference is due to the fact that not all families can receive benefits; wealthy families pay for kindergarten in accordance with general tariffs.
Prices in private kindergartens are higher than state ones, but not by much. Most families in Italy prefer to take their child to private kindergartens, where the number of children in the group is much smaller and there are more developing activities than in budget kindergartens. The price for visiting a private kindergarten varies from 1000 to 1500 euros per year.
As a result, we can safely say that the system of preschool children's institutions in the cities of Italy is well developed, parents are given a huge choice in this area. Parents can register their children in a public, private, religious, creative kindergarten, teach him English or play some musical instrument, leave the baby in the garden until lunch or until the evening.
We are used to the way our upbringing process is organized, we are used to our kindergartens, but there is always room for change. To do this, you need to look at the neighbors and see how everything works for others. Today we decided to look at how kindergartens in Italy work and find out what they can learn from.
Editorial "So simple!" delved into this issue and will tell you how the process of preschool education of children takes place in Italy. Let's be honest, don't embellish anything. There is also good and bad.
Italian mothers have a very different attitude to raising a child. The official decree in the country lasts only 5 months, if desired, it can be extended for another six months. Most mothers go to work six months after the birth of a child and, it is worth noting, do not at all think that this is bad.
Children can be sent to a nursery from the age of three months. Italian mothers are sure that the child needs it, because babies also need socialization. It is believed that it is in the kindergarten that the child will be able to communicate more with other children and quickly acquire the skills that are needed for life. It is impossible to say for sure whether this is right or not, but the Italians do it.
Frankly, mothers have a hard time there. The decree is very short, and the nursery only works until four o'clock, and then you have to somehow get out. Someone works only the first half of the day, while others hire nannies or ask grandparents for help. In general, a lot of things rest on the older generation in Italy, because it is these people who most often sit with children, take them to additional classes and hobby groups.
Pre-school education in Italy is optional, but almost all children go to kindergartens. Parents have a choice: private, municipal or Catholic kindergartens. They differ in many ways. Private ones are not suitable for many because of the high cost (400-500 euros). In municipalities, the payment is slightly less and you can get benefits, but the queues there are crazy and the requirements are quite strict.
The easiest way to get into the Catholic gardens. It does not take into account the income and employment of parents, and preference is given to those who live nearby. The conditions there are better than in municipal institutions, and the payment is much less than in private ones. This is a good option if parents are not embarrassed by the fact that in addition to educators, nuns are involved with children.
We will talk specifically about Catholic kindergartens. Let's see what the features are.
Features of kindergartens in Italy
Walks are optional
There is always a large garden or park next to such kindergartens, but children are rarely taken out for a walk. From October to March, teachers do not take children outside at all, but parents do not mind. It is generally not customary for Italians to walk with children every day, they do not consider this a necessity. Personally, I think that this is still a minus, because children need to see nature, breathe the air, and not sit in four walls. 
Small groups and loyalty
According to the law, there should not be more than 29 children in groups in a kindergarten. There are two educators for this number. Most often, the number of children does not exceed 18, which is very good. And children under three years old are allowed to come in diapers, it is not required that the child be potty trained. This is treated normally here. And the kids are not forced to change their shoes. It is believed that this is for fire safety purposes. So no change.
Menu
Usually, children in the kindergarten only have lunch, because they have breakfast at home, and they bring an afternoon snack with them. The main dishes on the menu are pasta, rice, beans and pizza. A couple of times a week they cook fish and meat. The food is quite varied and very tasty. They don’t cook only dairy dishes and soups in kindergartens, because they don’t consider them mandatory for a child’s diet. And parents don’t need to worry about organizing a child’s birthday, the kindergarten organizes everything itself.
Creativity is welcome
In the kindergarten, the child will not be overburdened, but he will be constantly busy. The curriculum consists of simple goals for the month: distinguish colors, learn parts of the human body, learn how to put on shoes yourself. Children dance a lot, play, run in the gym, and also do various crafts. The creative process is welcome, but the child does everything himself, parents are not involved in this process. And yet there are no contests for the best crafts. In older groups, English, music and dance lessons are added.
Mandatory vaccinations
You won't get into kindergarten without vaccinations. There are only ten mandatory vaccinations: against polio, diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B, whooping cough, hemophilic infection, measles, rubella, mumps and chickenpox. It seems to me that this is the main advantage of the Italian system. 
Parental committee
Once a year, two representatives from each group are elected to the parent committee. They organize holidays and trips. And yet no one collects any money for new floors or repairs, just a couple of times a year they hold charity fairs, the proceeds of which go to the needs of the kindergarten. And it’s also not customary to give expensive gifts to educators, except for symbolic trifles. 
Agree, there are very important differences. There are pluses, there are minuses, but we have a lot to learn. Sometimes even the little things can be important.
