Parquet flooring is the most luxurious option available. At the same time, it is also the most demanding in terms of care. Without reliable varnishing, wood quickly loses its attractive appearance and useful properties. The range of varnishes is large, so first you need to figure out on the basis of what criteria one or another of its types should be chosen.
Which parquet varnish to choose?
First of all, the choice of composition for processing depends on the functional purpose of the room, as well as on the expected load on the floor. If there are only a couple of inhabitants in the room, they wear soft slippers and generally treat the parquet with care, you can choose a parquet varnish designed for a minimum load. If we are talking about a corridor or a living room, where activity is higher and crowds are more likely, it is better to choose the parquet varnish that will protect it from all these tests, as well as from various dirt.
Depending on the desired result, you can always choose which varnish is best for parquet, based on the properties of different compositions. Lacquers are distinguished by the following parameters:
- chemical composition - water-soluble, primer, alkyd, polyurethane, etc.;
- technological properties: viscosity, fluidity, method of application;
- appearance: matte, glossy, colorless, colored;
- resistance to mechanical stress and service life.
Water-based varnish for parquet
After you have applied the primer varnish necessary to enhance the adhesion of the base varnish to the parquet board and reduce the consumption of the finish coat, it's time to start the main floor treatment. The easiest and cheapest option is. It contains emulsifiers, water and solvents. The concentration of solvents can be different - from 5 to 15%, although there are formulations that do not contain them at all.
The advantages of a water-soluble varnish are in a neutral smell and its moderation, increased fire safety, and good protection of the parquet from water. It is necessary to take into account the disadvantages of water-based varnish for parquet. First of all, this is a slight wear resistance and fragility of the coating. Also, this type of varnish requires special tools for application. In addition, not all types of wood are suitable for it. For example, beech, hornbeam and pine do not accept water-soluble varnish.
Polyurethane varnish for parquet
This type of coating is more suitable for rooms where there is increased traffic, since such a varnish is extremely durable and has excellent adhesion properties to wood. The composition can be one- or two-component. In both cases, the composition includes various aroma compounds that give it a more tolerable smell. The basis of the varnish may be urethane, acrylic or solvents.
The advantages of waterless varnishes are that you can immediately cover the parquet with varnish without preliminary priming, as well as elasticity, unpretentiousness in terms of the microclimate in the room during operation. The disadvantages relate only to the process of applying varnish: it is important to prevent water from entering the floor until it is completely dry, otherwise bubbles and foam may appear.
Acrylic varnish for parquet
It is a special varnish based on a dispersion of plastic and acrylic material, which can be completely dissolved in water. Thanks to this combination, after drying, the varnish forms a durable protective film with unique properties and characteristics that can protect not only from mechanical influences, but also from aggressive external factors. Depending on the binder, one-component varnish for parquet and two-component varnish can be distinguished. In the first case, the binder is only acrylic, in the second, a group of substances such as acrylic and polyurethane.
Among the indisputable advantages of acrylic lacquer are its resistance to temperature fluctuations, high thermal conductivity and moisture resistance, increased mechanical stability and UV resistance, strength and wear resistance, harmlessness and almost complete absence of smell. He has practically no shortcomings. The use of acrylic-based varnish is possible both indoors and outdoors. Its high antiseptic characteristics guarantee the safety of surfaces from fungus, mold and other harmful effects.
Formaldehyde varnish for parquet
This type of coating belongs to the group of the most resistant. It contains formaldehyde resins that evaporate after the varnish dries, so you should not be afraid of its health hazard. But they can be confidently used in those rooms where, due to increased requirements for strength and wear resistance, you do not know how to varnish the parquet. Formaldehyde varnish can be one- and two-component. The second is mixed with hardeners containing acid or organic acids, after which a catalytic reaction is started, and formaldehyde begins to evaporate as condensate.
The advantages that this varnish for parquet has are high adhesion to the surface, excellent resistance to sudden changes in humidity and temperature in the room, increased strength and wear resistance. It can be applied with any tools, a primer layer is not required. Of the shortcomings, the most noticeable is a strong smell, which disappears only on the third day, as well as the mandatory presence of a respirator during work.
Alkyd-urethane varnish for parquet
As the name implies, this is a two-component varnish for parquet, which contains alkyd and urethane components, and they are diluted with an organic solvent. It is used for the treatment of wooden surfaces with both fresh wood and the one that has already been treated with varnish. The only limitation is that this type of varnish cannot be used in saunas, steam rooms and other rooms where the humidity is excessive.
The positive aspects of such a varnish are the attractive appearance of the treated surfaces, quick drying, high wear resistance and hardness of the coating, easy application and uniform distribution, resistance to household chemicals and pollution. The varnish practically does not smell, does not require preliminary application of a primer, in the process of deformation of the boards, it does not crack due to good elasticity. Among the shortcomings - the varnish cannot be applied when exposed to direct sunlight and the presence of a draft, and the coating will have to be renewed after 5-10 years, depending on the intensity of exposure.
The best varnish for parquet in the apartment
In a residential area, it is desirable to use a quick-drying varnish for parquet, which has a minimal smell. Although formaldehyde varnishes have increased strength, the evaporated substances are by no means useful. Water-based varnish is more environmentally friendly, although less wear-resistant. Although modern water-based varnishes with the addition of acrylic urethane or acrylic polyurethane have very decent performance. However, in addition to purely chemical characteristics, varnish should also be chosen according to the external properties of the final result of the repair.
Colorless varnish for parquet
The best varnish for parquet, if you want to emphasize the natural beauty of wood, is a colorless acrylic-based latex varnish. It forms a high-gloss coating on the parquet with excellent decorative properties. It can also be a varnish based on water or synthetic resins. In any case, the coating is completely transparent, preserving the natural color of the wood and its texture. Sometimes the composition of the varnish includes light tinting elements that give the wood a barely noticeable shade - yellow, brown or amber.
Colored varnish for parquet
Tinted parquet varnish helps to give the floor the desired shade. Water-based colored lacquers are the latest products on the paint and varnish market. They solve several problems at the same time - protect the tree from moisture, insects and other adverse factors, give it a more attractive appearance, paint it in the desired shade. The only point to be taken into account is that in the most passable areas, the parquet varnish and the color of the coating will rub off over time, forming lighter spots and “paths”, which will require the floor to be completely re-opened.
White varnish for parquet
If you want to get the effect of bleached wood, you can use a variety of means and methods. This is a primer, and oil with white wax, and white stain, and others. All of them are united by the end result - the floor becomes white, which has become very popular in modern interiors. Existing types of varnish for parquet also allow us to use them when we want to whiten the floor. By applying this or that number of layers, you can achieve different toning results.
Matt varnish for parquet
Designers and parquet specialists have a very definite attitude to glossy lacquer - it emphasizes all the flaws of the parquet, they simply “stick out” from it. Also, over time, the gloss becomes worn, especially in places of its active use. Therefore, matte light or dark varnish for parquet is still more preferable. On the contrary, it hides all the existing shortcomings. In addition, it is easier to work with, since during the application process it does not require strict compliance with conditions such as humidity levels, temperature, cleanliness, etc., as when working with gloss.
Lacquer coating for a wooden floor is not only a way to make the floor more beautiful, but also more durable. Today on the shelves of stores you can find a huge range of varnish compositions, distinguished by the active substance. As a rule, it is quite difficult for the layman to decide what is the difference between parquet varnish, which one to choose so that it meets all the requirements. Our expert will help you figure it out.
Properties and features of parquet varnish
Varnish compositions are used as a finishing coating in order to ensure the resistance of the coating to abrasive and mechanical stress. Scope of application - processing of wooden products. The composition includes:
- Oil modified or polymer base;
- A solvent, which can be either water or white spirit, drying oil, etc.;
- Substances that accelerate polymerization;
- Improvement additives;
- Agents that optimize thixotropy;
- Tinted particles.
However, not all varnishes can be used for parquet processing. For example, furniture or primers do not differ in the necessary thixotropy and wear resistance.
In addition, furniture is very strongly absorbed into the wood, without creating a durable protective layer.
Lacquer selection
Directly about how to choose a varnish for parquet: for a competent choice, you need to know a number of characteristics that affect the quality and durability of the varnish coating.
Application area
According to ÖNORMC 2354, which establishes minimum requirements for varnishing compounds for wooden substrates, three classes of varnish products are distinguished:
- Class A - medium loads on the coating are allowed, including the possibility of movement in street shoes (residential premises, in particular bedrooms, halls). The scope of use is similar to class 31 laminate.
- Class B - for use on surfaces subject to heavy loads, including from constant movement in street shoes (hallways, schools, kindergartens, small offices). The lacquer layer is comparable in technical characteristics with a class 32 laminate.
- Class C is a particularly resistant lacquer, suitable for use on parquet with intense traffic, including constant movement in street shoes (shopping centers, cafes, restaurants, large offices and other public places). Approximately corresponds to a laminate of 33 and 34 classes.
For clarity, the minimum requirements for lacquer transparent coatings are formed in the table:
At the same time, the standard does not unify the maximum possible resistance to roller wheels for each varnish class, since, in most cases, this indicator depends on the type of wood and, accordingly, strength.
Compatibility with parquet
The vast majority of parquet varnishes are optimized for oak, beech and maple parquet. However, products from exotic (merbau, turbidity), resinous (cedar, spruce, pine, fir) and other tree species are widely used today. In order not to miscalculate with the choice, you should carefully study the instructions for use.
Physical and mechanical parameters
- Hardness, which determines the impact and wear resistance of a varnish coating: the higher, the better.
- Approximate expense. As a rule, it depends on the thixotropy, the condition of the surface and the application tool used. Consumption in the range of 80-150 ml per m 2 is considered optimal. The use of a spatula for applying varnish will help to reduce consumption. In this case, it is worth pre-priming the parquet.
- The period of drying and gaining final strength. The fastest drying formulations are based on a hardener. The drying period of one layer is 8-10 hours, the final strength of the coating is gained after 4 days. Water-based or solvent-based samples take a little longer to cure - 24 hours per layer, 10 days - to achieve maximum strength.
- Gloss intensity, depending on which the varnish is classified into three groups:
- Matte, silky-matte and semi-matte;
- semi-gloss;
- Glossy.
- Frost resistance. It is a mistake to assume that frost resistance is relevant only in the case of "street" use of lacquered parquet flooring. It is frost resistance that affects the permissible storage standards of the product. For example, storage of compositions with a minimum storage temperature of +10°C in frost will inevitably lead to damage to the goods. Most often, varnishes are curtailed. In most cases, neither sellers nor buyers pay attention to storage standards. To identify the damaged composition is quite simple - you need to thoroughly mix the composition and open the package. If you find heterogeneous flaky inclusions, you can say with confidence that you have a damaged varnish in front of you.
- Possibility of tinting. Solvent-based varnishes slightly “caramelize” the coating, as if burning it and giving it a peculiar amber-yellow tint. And water-based varnishes are absolutely transparent, which does not allow them to change the shade of the parquet floor. Therefore, in order to get a certain shade, you should purchase a colored varnish or a transparent one with a mark that allows tinting.
Type of parquet
It should be noted that not every varnish composition can be used for all types of parquet. That is, varnish for piece parquet is not quite suitable for artistic parquet due to the manufacture of the latter from several tree species. When choosing, pay attention to:
- On the elasticity of the composition;
- Degree of lateral gluing of panels.
The more whimsical and exotic the parquet, the higher the elasticity should be, and the lower the degree of side gluing.
Varieties of varnishes by composition
Alkyd, they are oily
The same group includes a combination of urethane and alkyd - urethane-alkyd varnishes. Alkyd parquet is made on the basis of synthetic resin. Resin is the result of the interaction of phthalic acid substances and glycerin.
The polymer component is glyphthalic and pentaphthalic polymers. Solvents are used to achieve the required consistency and viscosity of the composition, and improving additives and preservatives are used to obtain the desired thixotropy and hardness.
The solvent function can be performed by both drying oil and vegetable oils, hydrocarbon (aliphatic) combinations or fatty acids. To accelerate hardening, desiccant agents are added to the composition, which accelerate polymerization.
The scope of use is not limited to use only for painting parquet. These can be wooden panels (lining, block house), doors, wooden wall panels, wooden arches, columns, etc.
Alkyd-urethane varnish is somewhat more wear-resistant, abrasive- and chemical-resistant, and also water-resistant. Also, the composition dries much faster and gains strength. To obtain it, a urethane, referred to as a carbamic acid ester, is added to the previously described composition.
https://youtu.be/nR4noPaKEJw
Acrylic
Acrylic parquet varnish is a one-component aqueous suspension. The basis of the composition is methacrylate synthetic resins. Scope - processing of all wooden surfaces (parquet, solid wood, furniture, wood panels, etc.).
The color of a high-quality varnish is creamy white, after drying it turns into a completely transparent coating. The consistency is semi-liquid.
It is also not allowed to use acrylic parquet varnish for chemically treated or mechanically pressed substrates.
Polyurethane and a mixture of polyurethane and acrylate - polyurethane-acrylate compounds
Polyurethane is the strongest polymer. Therefore, polyurethane parquet varnish is suitable for parquet floors with a high degree of load. Available in the form of one- and two-component formulations based on water or without water, the so-called anhydrous.
Water-based varnishes are characterized by low emission of volatile substances and fast drying (no more than 6 hours per coat).
Acrylic resin significantly improves the performance properties of the lacquer coating. By the way, polyurethane-acrylate varnish is the most expensive, but also the most wear-resistant.
Comparative analysis of varnish
As it turned out, parquet varnish performs a whole range of functions. . Which to choose? Let's do a comparative analysis.
| Characteristics | Alkyd / alkyd-urethane | Acrylic | Polyurethane / polyurethane-acrylate |
| Water resistance | Good | Excellent | Excellent |
| Wear resistance and stability | Normal impact and abrasion resistance. Alkyd-urethane tolerates abrasive and shock loads somewhat better. | Good wear resistance compared to alkyds. | The highest degree of wear resistance and impact resistance. It perfectly tolerates abrasive and mechanical impacts, while maintaining the aesthetics of the coating. Inert to aggressive chemicals. |
| Adhesion ability | Good, for a wide variety of wood species | Good | Good |
| Durability | 2-10 years | Up to 15 years | Over 20 years |
| Degree of side gluing of panels | Low, which makes the composition the most optimal for gluing parquet and plank floor products used in rooms with an unstable temperature and humidity background. | Average degree of lateral gluing. | Strong bonding of the end parts of the panels. It is highly not recommended to use for gluing panels of unstable species (maple, beech). |
| Security | Dangerous to health due to the presence of a strong chemical odor. Work should be carried out only with the use of PPE and in a well-ventilated area. After volatilization of harmful compounds, it is safe. | Hypoallergenic and safe, not characterized by the presence of synthetic solvents in the composition. | Absolute security. The scope of application is not limited. |
| Anti-slip surface | Not | Not | Yes |
| painting tool | Any | Only airbrush or rollers and brushes with synthetic bristles. | Any, except brushes with natural bristles. |
| Ease of application and conditions of use | · It is fairly well distributed over the surface. · A thick layer forms a kind of “shagreen leather”, which excludes the possibility of smoothing the defect, which requires removal of the coating and the application of a new varnish layer. · Demanding on drying conditions. It is not advisable to use next to heating devices turned on or under direct sunlight. Drafts should be avoided. | Excellent spreadability, simplifies and speeds up painting. | Good elasticity. Anhydrous compounds do not imply a preliminary primer of the base. · No need for intermediate grinding. |
| Price | Low | Medium | high |
So, any of the presented parquet varnishes is suitable for domestic use. It is only necessary to rely on the permissible level of load on the coating.
If there is no certain financial limit, then it is better to give preference to polyurethane-acrylate parquet varnishes.
Acrylic - the golden mean both in terms of characteristics and cost. The most economical option is alkyd and alkyd-urethane.
Polyurethane parquet varnish, video
Respectable parquet flooring requires special treatment. If the plank floor can simply be “covered” with paint, then the parquet must be varnished or with special wax (or oil), otherwise it will quickly lose its attractiveness. In addition to the aesthetic purpose of the varnish coating, it serves as a good protection for the board, without which the life of the parquet is significantly reduced.
Varnishes for parquet can have a different base, so before choosing the right one, you need to familiarize yourself with the characteristics of some of them.
When choosing the composition of parquet varnish, you need to take into account the type of wood from which the board is made, since it can have light and dark shades, so the varnish must match its color. In addition, each of the rocks has its own density, and its absorbency depends on this property of the material.
When choosing a varnish, the purpose of the room is also of great importance, in which, that is, traffic intensity, humidity and types of loads, which coating will be exposed. If the varnish will be used to cover the floor in a room of an ordinary apartment where a small family lives, then there is no need to choose a varnish that can withstand heavy loads.
But even in such conditions, you need to take into account a specific room. For example, for a hallway or kitchen, it is better to purchase varnishes with the ability to experience higher loads, since these rooms have greater traffic and are more often cleaned. Therefore, in this case, the protective properties of the composition should be an order of magnitude higher.
For public buildings and premises with a high intensity of human flow, attention should be paid to the strength of the varnish, since it will have to withstand the mechanical impact of numerous heels and dust and dirt brought on shoes. In such places, oil impregnations or durable water-repellent compounds are often used, which will help keep the parquet flooring in proper condition for a long time. Moreover, such a floor is easier to update, unlike lacquer coatings. Therefore, varnish in this case is used extremely rarely.
It must also be remembered that inexpensive compositions are not particularly durable, and will last no more than 2 ÷ 3 years, and given that the process of applying varnish is a rather laborious task, it is better to choose a reliable composition right away that will keep the floor in its original state for 12 ÷ 15 years. Naturally, the price for it is many times higher, but using it, you can save yourself from many problems for a long time. These varnishes include two-component compositions.
There is no need to think that the material produced abroad will necessarily be of higher quality and more durable. First of all, you need to pay attention to the chemical composition of the varnish, and not to the country in which it was released. Some imported products are not of high quality, have an unpleasant odor, take a long time to dry and wash quickly.
It is very important to pay attention to the consumption of the composition. For example, five liters of high-quality varnish should be enough to cover three layers of an area of 15 ÷ 17 m², two layers of 20 ÷ 25 m², you can stretch it over 30 m² of a room, but the layers will be thinner.
Also, you need to pay attention to the container in which the varnish is sold, since high-quality compounds are never sold in wholesale containers or plastic buckets - usually fakes for imported varnishes from well-known manufacturers are packaged this way.
The lacquer must be packed in cans or plastic canisters with a volume of no more than 5 ÷ 10 liters. If this is a two-component version of varnish, then a bottle of additional composition should be attached to the main container. They are mixed with each other in a strict proportion indicated on the package, immediately before being applied to the parquet.
So, when buying varnish, you need to pay attention to the following characteristics:
- Varnishes for parquet are produced on different bases - urethane alkyd, alkyd, polyurethane, formaldehyde and water. These parameters are indicated on the packaging in the chemical composition section.
- The material can give a coloring effect or be completely transparent and retain the natural color and texture of wood.
- According to the consistency, the varnish can be viscous or fluid - the method of its application to the surface will depend on this parameter.
- The composition can give various aesthetic effects - matte, silky matte, semi-matte or semi-gloss and glossy.
- In addition, the packaging indicates the susceptibility to moisture, resistance to stress, wear resistance and approximate service life.
Types of varnishes for parquet
To make the right choice, you need to know what each type of varnish is.
Priming varnishes
The name of such varnishes in itself suggests that their purpose is to prepare the surface for the layers of the top coat. Priming varnishes impregnate the wood, and this contributes to better adhesion when applying the next, main layers. If the parquet is treated with primers, then the quality of the front coating improves several times. But besides this, the use of such starting processing contributes to:
- reduction of the adhesive effect of the upper layers of varnish at the joints of individual dies;
- creating a perfectly smooth surface and highlighting the textured pattern of wood;
- protection of the surface and side parts of the dies from possible exposure to moisture;
- preservation of natural protective oils of valuable tree species.
Priming varnishes are selected depending on the basis on which the topcoat will be made, since these compositions must be compatible with each other and have good adhesion.
If the materials are incompatible, the work will be completely spoiled and will have to be redone, as the surface will be covered with light spots. You can fix such a nuisance only by removing the varnish or sanding the entire floor.
For example, if a water-based varnish is purchased for finishing, then the primer must also be exclusively water-based - then the parquet will have an even and reliable coating.
It is also very important that the surface coated with a primer composition tends to absorb the finishing varnish less, which means it significantly reduces its consumption.
Priming varnishes made on different bases dry quite quickly, as part of them is absorbed into the surface of the parquet wood, and the remaining excess quickly evaporates. The drying time of the first primer layer is from 20 minutes to 3 ÷ 4 hours.
To achieve the desired result and get a beautiful surface, the craftsmen recommend using a primer and made by the same manufacturer. This is due to the fact that the composition of these varnishes is designed for full compatibility with each other, in fact, they are a single "system", so they have excellent adhesion, they will never go to any "undesirable reactions". By choosing the compositions of different companies, you can get an unpredictable result, which is unlikely to please.
Water-based varnishes for parquet
Water-based varnishes are the most popular, due to the fact that they do not have an unpleasant odor and dry quickly enough. When choosing such a material, it is better to purchase two-component formulations, since when they dry they give a more durable moisture-resistant coating than single-component options.
One of the most popular - water-based varnishes for parquet
This varnish includes its composition is microscopic particles solvent and emulsifiers mixed with water, so it dries a little differently than materials on other bases. After the composition is applied to the primed surface, water first evaporates from it and only then does the solvent, which undergoes a concentration process before evaporation. Further, after its evaporation, a hard and durable film is formed on the surface of the parquet.
Water-based varnishes can be divided into three categories based on their solvent content:
- the first of them includes compositions where this component is completely absent;
- the second category includes water-based varnishes containing no more than 5% solvent in their composition;
- the third category contains a solvent of 15%.
All three categories of varnishes, regardless of the amount of solvent in them, have good adhesive properties with wooden surfaces, therefore they are excellent for both solid board and parquet.
It must be said that water-based varnishes must be applied to the primed surface of the parquet, in order to avoid the penetration of varnish between the dies. Moisture, getting between them, can be absorbed by the wood and subsequently lead to the appearance of creaking in the parquet. By the way, according to many masters, you should not use water-based varnishes for parquet floors at all, since there is always a risk of an unpleasant creak, even if a primer was previously used.
These varnishes also have a number of other significant drawbacks that you need to be aware of when purchasing the material:
- One-component water-based varnishes, consisting of water, solvents and emulsifiers, have low wear resistance, so they wear out quickly. Two-component varnishes have a longer service life and perfectly protect the wood coating, but on condition that such a composition is applied in a room where the humidity is 50%. Such an atmosphere in the rooms is not always possible to achieve, especially in winter, when the heating is on.
- In order for the surface to be smooth after the water varnish has dried, it must be applied with a roller, since tampons, sponges, spatulas and even brushes are absolutely not suitable for this process.
The pronounced positive qualities of water varnishes include their following properties:
- The absence of unpleasant pungent odors, such as from varnishes made on organic solvents - this factor especially attracts owners of apartments with a small amount of space. However, one should not think that the varnish is absolutely odorless - it is still present, but not as strong and sharp as other compositions.
- Water-based varnishes are not flammable, therefore they are used in rooms where, according to fire safety rules, it is forbidden to cover surfaces with compositions based on flammable substances.
There is another secret that is good to know before buying a water-based varnish. If a professional varnish is purchased, then it can be applied to unprimed surface. If there is no designation on the “professionalism” of the category of a particular composition on the package, then treating the floor with a primer before applying it is necessary.
Alkyd varnishes
Alkyd varnishes are made on the basis of resins obtained from natural raw materials, by interesterification vegetable oils, glycerin and rosin, alcohols and acids. Due to the presence of oils in their composition, varnishes have the ability to be absorbed into the structure of wood, thereby creating its reliable protection from external mechanical damage and exposure to moisture.
Alkyd formulations also include quite toxic substances, such as white spirit, so when buying this parquet product, you need to choose a composition with the lowest concentration of this substance. Like any other varnish option, alkyd has its positive and negative qualities, which you need to know about when purchasing this product for finishing parquet.
Glossy and semi-gloss, semi-gloss and matt types of alkyd varnishes are produced, from which you can choose the one that is more suitable for a particular one.
The positive properties of alkyd varnishes include:
- Deep penetration of the substance into the structure of the surface to be coated.
- The alkyd composition enhances the textured beauty of wood, giving it an aesthetic appearance.
- The varnish has a viscous consistency, so it does not flow between the dies, which means that after the coating dries, there will be no creaking when walking on the parquet.
- It is not affected by changes in temperature and humidity, and also has a high resistance to mechanical stress.
The negative properties of the compositions include the following points:
- The varnish applied to the surface dries for a long time and requires special conditions for drying.
- Drying the varnish must be carried out at not too high temperatures, as this process can be delayed, therefore, when a film forms on the varnish, it is best to create a small draft by opening doors and windows;
- Since the consistency of the varnish is quite thick, while applying it to the surface, you need to carefully monitor the thickness of the layer, otherwise, when drying, wrinkles may form in places where the layer is thicker;
- Alkyd varnishes are characterized by rapid abrasion, so the coating will often have to be updated. In a word, this type of varnish is more suitable for covering furniture than floors.
The coating is beautiful, but, alas, short-lived
If you want to get a high-quality and durable parquet coating, then it is better to refuse alkyd varnishes, despite the fact that they also have certain advantages, which have already been mentioned.
Polyurethane varnishes
The polyurethane type of lacquer is excellent for rooms with high traffic, as it is extremely wear-resistant and has high adhesive properties. This type of parquet flooring material can be one- or two-component and is marked PUR and DD.
"Champions" in wear resistance - polyurethane varnishes
Polyurethane varnishes can be made on different bases - it is urethane or acrylic. Depending on the base, the compositions have different smells, but all of them, unfortunately, are not very pleasant. Since the composition of the polyurethane varnish is completely free of water, it dries much faster than the water-soluble version. The hardening of this varnish begins with the evaporation of the solvents that make up its composition. Then the chemical process of polyaddition takes place, as a result of which the varnish hardens.
During the period of applying the composition to the parquet, as well as when it dries, it should not be allowed to come into contact with water. Parquet wood should have a moisture content of no more than 6-8%, if it exceeds this figure, but the work may be spoiled by the appearance of air bubbles, peeling or even foaming. As a result, defects will be clearly visible on the parquet surface.
The polyurethane composition of the varnish, like all the others, has its advantages, but it has almost no negative qualities.
The positive aspects in the polyurethane composition include the following:
- After the coating hardens, it becomes moisture resistant, as it forms a kind of film on the surface of the parquet.
- The resulting film is sufficiently elastic and does not tighten the surface structure of parquet wood.
- This coating does not require preparation of the parquet surface with primers.
- The coating after hardening and polymerization does not react to changes in temperature and humidity in the room.
- The parquet covered with polyurethane varnish is perfectly protected from mechanical influences and abrasive loading.
We can say that this varnish has one significant drawback - if it gets into the cracks of the parquet, then it sticks together its individual elements, which, in general, is undesirable for such a coating.
Otherwise, the polyurethane lacquer version can be called the best for parquet coating, as it is suitable for rooms with any intensity of traffic.
Video: water-soluble two-component polyurethane-based parquet varnish
Formaldehyde varnishes
Two-component parquet varnishes are also on sale, one of the components of which is an acid or formaldehyde hardener. Such varnishes are considered the most resistant and reliable.
However, even the very name of the composition is frightening, since a substance such as formaldehyde is dangerous to human health.
It should be noted that this element in the composition of the varnish plays the role of a hardener. When the varnish completely hardens, there is no longer a trace of this dangerous component in it. In the process of hardening, formaldehyde evaporates, therefore, it is necessary to work with this varnish with the obligatory use of respiratory protection equipment (in a respirator), and the drying process should be carried out with the windows open.
The advantages of formaldehyde varnishes are as follows:
- They have excellent adhesion to wood;
- There is the possibility of applying varnish with any tool convenient for the master.
- Such a coating does not require preliminary priming, which saves on parquet pre-treatment;
- The material has a high resistance to fluctuations in humidity and temperature;
- Such a varnish coating is wear-resistant to all types of loads.
Negative properties of varnishes on formaldehyde:
- This type of varnish easily flows into the gaps between the dies, as it has a fairly liquid consistency;
- The composition initially has an unpleasant pungent odor, a fairly high toxicity, so you will have to take precautions when working on its application.
Find out if there is and how to choose the right model from our new article.
When choosing a specific varnish composition for parquet flooring, it is worth getting additional advice from sellers directly in the store, carefully studying the annotation located on the package. Based on the characteristics that this publication introduced you to, it will be easier to understand the intricacies of the choice and make a really good purchase.
Video: the right choice of paint and varnish compositions for wooden and parquet floors
If you decide to choose a varnish for the floor, then you need to familiarize yourself with several of its varieties. The surface in question is subjected to daily significant mechanical stress. That is why without varnish, the base will quickly lose its original appearance and require repair. But after the surface is treated with varnish, it will look great and will begin to do its job perfectly.
Criterias of choice
The most important criteria when choosing a varnish are the functional purpose of the room and the expected load. If the room is not visited by a huge number of people every day, and those who live in the apartment use soft slippers, you should opt for a composition that involves minimal loads. Whereas for the corridor and the kitchen it would be preferable to choose a varnish that is able to protect the floor surface from all kinds of loads and pollution as much as possible. If we are talking about a restaurant, bar or any other room that many people visit every day, it is best to purchase an oil impregnation or a special water-repellent compound that will be able to keep the surface for a long time.
Varieties of varnishes
If you have to choose a floor varnish, then you need to familiarize yourself with the varieties of such products. Thus, the mixture may have a certain fluidity, viscosity, and also assume the use of a certain method of application. It is important to distinguish between mixtures and chemical composition. They can be water-soluble, urethane-alkyd, primer, polyurethane, as well as those that are made on an aqueous or anhydrous basis. It is important to decide what preferences you have in terms of the appearance of the surface after the varnish has dried. Thus, you can choose a specific shade or composition that has a transparent texture. For lovers / non-lovers of shine, manufacturers offer silky-matte, glossy, semi-matte, semi-gloss, and matte compositions for sale.
Priming varnishes
When choosing a floor varnish, you may prefer a primer. Such mixtures include top coats that can increase the quality of adhesion. They are used to improve the appearance of varnish. Their main purpose is the formation of a perfectly even shade, a decrease in the adhesive effect of the composition at the side joints, as well as the isolation of natural oils of certain types of wood. Priming mixtures are used to prevent the interaction of the base of the dies with the introductory residue.
Features of the use of primer varnish
If you have chosen a primer for the floor, then before applying it, you must make sure that it is compatible with the decorative coating. Otherwise, you can get the effect of staining, which will be quite difficult to get rid of.
If we are talking about water varnish, then a primer with the same composition should be applied under it. The described mixtures tend to reduce material costs when forming a decorative coating, because the base acquires the quality of reducing penetrating ability. The drying time is very short. This is due to the fact that among the ingredients there are solvents that quickly evaporate from the base. After application, the composition should be left for a period of 15 minutes to 3 hours.
Water soluble varnishes
If you are looking for an inexpensive wood floor varnish, then it is best to purchase a water-soluble one. It has the best quality. It contains the smallest particles of water, solvents and emulsifiers. After complete evaporation of water and solvent, the varnish is as durable as possible. Three types of water-based varnishes are on sale. The first does not contain solvents, the second contains them within 5%, while the third has the mentioned components in an amount of 15%. Each variety has certain characteristics. If there is a need to ennoble a parquet board or parquet, then you should choose just such a composition. But you need to take into account the moment that the mixture penetrates well between the dies, which can cause a creak.
Disadvantages of water varnishes
When purchasing a water-based varnish for a wooden floor, you should pay attention not only to its environmental friendliness and low cost, but also to some disadvantages. Among them, one can single out a slight wear resistance. All water-soluble classic formulations have this quality, among the ingredients of which the substances mentioned above are present. Whereas if the water-based floor varnish also has additives to increase the life of the coating, the mixture acquires excellent protective qualities. However, it should be taken into account that the application should be carried out only at a humidity in the room of 50% or more. As practice shows, it is not always possible to achieve such indicators. In order to get as close as possible to the recommended conditions, it is necessary to carry out work in the winter and use a humidifier.
When choosing a water-based floor varnish from a pine board, it is also necessary to take into account the fact that such compositions are very demanding on the choice of means of application. Do not use sponges, spatulas, brushes and tampons. Only the roller remains at the disposal of the master, however, his choice will also have to be approached very seriously. Water-based floor varnish, despite all the disadvantages, is quite often chosen by modern consumers.
Advantages of water varnishes
Due to the fact that the described compositions contain water, they do not have a pronounced unpleasant odor. However, it makes no sense to claim that the mixture does not smell at all. However, you can paint the floor even when there are people in the room. This is very attractive to private consumers and owners of office space. Water-based floor varnish is fireproof, so it can be used even in those conditions that have special requirements in this matter. It is important to pay attention before acquiring such a composition to its purpose. If you buy a professional tool, then the application can be carried out without the use of a primer. And vice versa. If it is not related to the professional mixture, then you will first have to spend time priming the base.
Polyurethane waterless varnishes
If you are looking for a pine board floor varnish that is constantly exposed to stress, then you should stop at a waterless polyurethane composition. It is durable and has excellent adhesion characteristics. According to the number of components that are included in the composition, two-component and one-component compositions can be distinguished. The formula of both those and other mixtures may include aromatic compounds that can give the solution a not so sharp aroma, which is usually present in traditional varnishes. A solvent, acrylic or urethane can act as a base for such mixtures. The described varnish for flooring dries much faster than water-soluble. This is due to the lack of water. The drying process is accompanied by the evaporation of the solvent, while the next stage is the hardening of the varnish due to appropriate chemical reactions. During the application of the mixture and its drying, the film should be protected from contact with water. That is why it is recommended to analyze the moisture content of wood before starting work. The norm is the humidity indicator, which is equivalent to 8%. Otherwise, the result may be negative: air bubbles form on the surface and foaming may occur.
Advantages of waterless varnishes
If you have chosen a waterless floorboard varnish, then you can eliminate the need to use a primer before starting the process. These compositions are elastic and not capricious to the conditions that any room has. During operation, waterless varnishes are not at all afraid of the effects of water. Experts say that such mixtures are the best solution for parquet even when its surfaces are subjected to maximum daily loads.
Alkyd compounds
Varnishes made on the basis of oil resins are made from natural raw materials. It is due to the presence of oils in the composition of the mixture that the agent is able to penetrate deeply into the structure of the wood. The varnish may also contain white spirit, the concentration of which is determined by the manufacturer. By purchasing such a varnish for a pine floor, you can enhance the natural beauty of wood, emphasizing its structure. The mixture does not have adhesive qualities, which indicates that when applied, the composition will not flow into the gaps between the boards. During operation, alkyd compounds perfectly undergo mechanical loads and temperature changes. This also applies to indoor humidity variations.
Cons of alkyd varnishes
If you want to get the best floor varnish, then you should consider alkyd compounds. However, they also have their drawbacks. Among them, one can single out the sensitivity at the drying stage to high temperatures. That is why, after application, you should lower the temperature in the room by opening doors and windows. It is also important to remember the following. If you do not notice and apply an excessively thick layer, wrinkles may appear on it after drying.
Conclusion
If you are thinking about the question of which floor varnish to choose, then you should consider all the varieties on the building materials market. It is also recommended that you carefully read the information provided above.
Parquet, as one of the best eco-friendly floor coverings, creates a unique homely atmosphere in the house. This material can last a very long time, but only if it is properly protected. The most practical method is varnishing. Therefore, you need to understand in detail the features and subtleties of how to choose the right varnish for parquet and its application.
Which varnish for parquet to choose
The right choice of varnish for parquet is a responsible task, because the duration of operation of the coating, as well as its attractive appearance, will depend on it. When selecting material, one should take into account the number of residents in the house, the patency of the room and the accuracy of use.
Varnish for parquet is divided into:
- Primer.
- Water.
- Anhydrous.
- Acid cured.
Priming varnishes are applied as a connecting layer between a parquet board and a finishing covering. Such material allows you to significantly reduce the consumption of the main varnish and get the perfect shade of the floor.
But the only thing to consider when using a primer is its compatibility with the top coat. The components of these 2 compositions must be in contact with each other. For example, if a water-based varnish will be used, then you need to choose a primer with a similar composition. If this is not followed, then after the finish coating the floor may become spotty and you will have to completely remove all layers and varnish the floor again.
Water-based varnish is one of the budget options. It is suitable for rooms with low traffic, because such a coating is quickly erased.
In addition, before applying such a varnish, it is necessary to overprime the surface, otherwise the coating composition will penetrate into the parquet cracks and glue the boards. Also, water-based varnish should dry at a uniform temperature. Despite such disadvantages of varnish, this option is ideal for those who suffer from allergies, because it has no smell.
If in the previous varnish there were no solvents in the composition, then in water-free varnish they are available. Such a varnish is practically not afraid of sudden changes in temperature. The most popular water-based varnish is polyurethane. It is quite resistant, penetrates deeply into the parquet board, promotes the manifestation of the beautiful structure of the tree. Such varnishes withstand moisture, which ensures easy cleaning of the floor. It is allowed to apply such material on a clean board without a primer.
Polyurethane varnish during drying must be protected from moisture. This will provide a higher wear resistance of the coating.
There is also an anhydrous alkyd varnish. It is less stable during operation than polyurethane. But also, like the previous version, it withstands changes in temperature fluctuations and humidity in the room. The only thing to consider when working with this material is not to apply it in a thick layer. If this is not followed, then the coating will take wrinkles. Alkyd varnish can also be applied immediately to a clean parquet board, without first priming it. After all, such material does not have adhesive properties, due to which parquet boards do not stick together.
If a very large load on the floor is expected in the room, then it is necessary to stop the choice on the most wear-resistant coating - on acid curing varnish. This material contains a hardener (based on acid), which ensures its high strength after drying. But when working with this varnish, you need to take care of the preparation of personal protective equipment - gloves and a mask. During the application of such a varnish, harmful vapors are released, which, when inhaled, manifest a negative impact on health.
How to sand parquet
When the necessary varnish for the parquet is selected, it remains only to properly prepare the coating for varnishing. This will require a sanding machine that performs grinding using special skins with different grain sizes.
The procedure for sanding the floor is as follows:
- In primary rough processing.
- secondary processing.
- Finishing the corners of the room.
Primary processing of the floor consists of a rough removal of the top layer of the parquet. Masters often call this process scraping. For this, a belt type machine is used. Insert 40 grit paper into it. You can also use 60 grit.
After turning on the machine, the grinder must be driven across the parquet boards. After rough processing, longitudinal grooves will remain on the parquet.
During processing, you need to make smooth movements, do not press the device. In addition, you need to ensure that all areas of the floor are evenly processed. To do this, after grinding the first strip, you need to start processing the second, which goes 5 cm onto the previous one.
Primary grinding can be omitted in cases where new parquet has been laid.
Therefore, processing begins immediately with secondary finishing.
After that, secondary grinding is done, which ensures the smoothness of the surface. To do this, the nozzle in the machine changes to 80 or 100 grit. Then grinding begins, the technology of which is similar to the primary processing.
After grinding is completed, a thorough dusting must be carried out. To do this, it is better to use a powerful vacuum cleaner. If this procedure is not carried out, then small particles will remain under the varnish, which will make the parquet unaesthetic.
After proper sanding, the wood should have a natural beautiful color. Rough processing allows you to remove the top layer of the old coating, which has lost its presentable appearance.
Lacquering parquet. Step-by-step instruction
When the floor surface is sanded and cleaned of dust, it is necessary to protect the floor from insects and mold. To do this, it is recommended to use an antiseptic, which processes the entire surface of the floor. After that, the room is left for at least a day to dry.
The main stages of applying varnish on a parquet floor:
- Application of the 1st layer.
- Grinding.
- Application of the 2nd layer.
- Grinding.
- Application of the 3rd layer (if necessary).
After covering the floor with the last layer, the room is left to dry.
First you need to prepare a new brush with a wide bristle. This tool must be purchased of good quality so that the pile does not fall off it, otherwise it will all remain on the coating.
After that, you need to take a position at the window and gradually move towards the door. Lacquer should be applied along the planks.
When applying varnish with a roller, it is necessary to make reciprocating movements.
When applying varnish, it is difficult to miss an unpainted element, because the varnish immediately after application makes the surface more saturated and bright. But still, you need to carefully monitor the accuracy of the application. After full coverage, the room is left to dry. Ventilation must be provided. After drying, the floor is lightly sanded with 100 grit sandpaper. This process will allow the first and second coats of varnish to bond better.
Then the 2nd layer is applied. If the patency of the rooms is high enough, then it will be necessary to apply the 3rd layer of varnish with preliminary polishing of the 2nd layer.
The video will help you more clearly see the whole process of varnishing the parquet floor. The instruction contains information on applying 2 layers of varnish.
When varnishing parquet, you can follow the advice of professionals who know how to avoid mistakes:
- In old parquet, remove protruding nails that could damage the grinder.
- Before sanding, treat the surface with white spirit, which will remove the protective wax. If this is not done, then the sandpaper will quickly become clogged, which will lead to a large consumption of material.
- Old parquet should be carefully inspected for damaged boards. If there are damaged elements, they must be replaced.
- Before applying varnish to the entire surface, you need to check this material on a separate area of \u200b\u200bthe floor, which is located in a poorly visible area of \u200b\u200bthe room.
- It is necessary to take into account the optimal temperature for drying varnish, which is in the range from +12 to +25 0 С.
The finished lacquered floor should have a smooth, shiny surface. If the floor is rough, then mistakes were made in the grinding process. For example, the base of the floor was treated with very rough paper, followed by very fine sanding, which did not eliminate the grooves after the first treatment. Therefore, for polishing parquet, you can consistently use 3 types of sandpaper: 40, 60, 100 grit. Or 60, 100, 120.
Varnishing a parquet floor is not a very difficult job. Proper selection and application of varnish, thorough cleaning of the surface from dust and further proper care will help maintain the aesthetic appearance of the parquet for many years. Additionally, this finishing method is relatively inexpensive, which is a good bonus.
