Is it possible to keep an eye on time. The most important rules of fasting. What is Ramadan

Today, June 6, most Muslims of the world will begin to fast in honor of the holy month of Ramadan, which will last 30 days. From the onset of dawn until sunset, the faithful cannot eat, drink, or indulge in entertainment. They must also refrain from swearing, slander, and slander.

Below we have collected all the necessary information about the holy month of Ramadan, which will help believers fast properly.

When uraza in 2016?

On the night of June 5-6, the Muslim holy month of Ramadan (Ramadan) begins, which will last 29 days in 2016 and end on July 4. Muslims around the world are required to refrain from eating and drinking, smoking and intimacy during the daytime. This post is called uraza.

What should be done in Ramadan?

Fasting Muslims should spend time in worship, reading the Koran, refrain from sinful acts, the use of obscene expressions and alcohol, do good deeds, and help the poor. In addition to the usual five prayers, every night, individually or collectively, an additional prayer, called “tarawih”, provided for only during Ramadan, is performed.

Who can not fast during Ramadan?

Travelers, nursing mothers who are afraid for their health or their child, women during menstruation, as well as those who are sick, can not keep an eye out. However, they need to “make up” the missed days at other times after the end of Ramadan. People with severe and chronic illnesses can feed one poor person for every day they miss.

Is it possible to hold an uraza if you do not read namaz?

Yes, fasting will be accepted even if the Muslim does not pray.

Is fasting counted if, due to forgetfulness, I drank water or ate?

Yes, it counts. Eating and drinking out of forgetfulness does not break the fast. As soon as you remember that you are fasting, you should immediately stop eating and drinking and continue to fast.

Can you smoke while fasting?

In the daytime, when fasting is in effect, it is impossible. After breaking the fast, it is possible, but not approved.

Can I shower/bath during the daytime?

You can, but be careful not to swallow the water. It is also allowed to rinse the mouth and nose, but in such a way that water does not get inside.

How to protect yourself from dehydration on hot summer days?

Dehydration is when the body loses a lot of water. If a fasting person works hard on hot days, they may develop a high fever, diarrhea, dizziness, nausea, headaches, and other signs of dehydration. In order to protect your body, you need to stop using artificial drinks such as tea, coffee, soda. Most of them contain chemicals and caffeine that remove fluid from the body. Still water, green or herbal teas are best for quenching your thirst. Before dawn, while eating and drinking, you can add a pinch of salt to the water, as it helps to retain water in the body.

What foods should be consumed to reduce stress on the fasting body?

In the morning, before fasting, you should not eat fried, fatty, salty, spicy and overly sweet dishes, as they irritate the intestinal mucosa, are difficult to digest and can cause thirst during the day. Porridge is very well absorbed, it has useful fiber that will give energy for the whole day. Eating raw or boiled vegetables has a beneficial effect on the body. Dairy products also improve bowel function. It is better to start the evening conversation with dates, as they contain a huge amount of useful microelements and fructose, which will quickly restore the body, you can drink them with water. And then start eating.

What is fitr-sadaqah?

Fitr-sadaqah is a small amount of money collected from Muslims only in the month of Ramadan. The proceeds from the fitr-sadaq go to help the elderly, people with disabilities, families without breadwinners, orphans and the poor.

What are the important dates during and after Ramadan that should not be missed?

During Ramadan there is a special "Night of Destiny". It should be held in worship of God, since it is believed that on this night all angels descend from heaven, and all sins are forgiven to the one who prays. It is believed that this night comes on one of the last 10 days before the end of the month of Ramadan. According to the general agreement of the clergy, it was decided that the "Night of Predestination" in 2016 will be from July 1 to 2. July 5 begins Eid al-Adha. Also known as the Feast of Conversation and Eid al-Fitr. It is celebrated on the occasion of the end of the fast. It lasts three days, at which time people go to visit each other, generous tables are laid everywhere. Muslims need to visit relatives, spend these days with family and loved ones. After the end of the month of Ramadan, the month of Shawwal comes, where believers can fast for an additional 6 days, and this is counted as if a person had fasted the whole year.

It is not easy to fast all day long without water and drink. The first days of the uraza are especially difficult. How to prepare for uraza? How to train the body? In the presence of what diseases it is impossible to fast? What are the benefits of uraza from the point of view of medicine? Rustam Fakhertdinov, deputy chief physician of the Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, a doctor who has been fasting for 15 years, answers these and other questions.

- Rustam Khamitovich, who is not allowed to fast?

From the point of view of Islam, minor children, the elderly, pregnant women and nursing mothers can not fast. But from the point of view of medicine, it is impossible to keep an eye on complex forms of diseases - diabetes, stomach ulcers, chronic heart failure, ischemia, vascular disease, thrombosis. Pregnant women can be postponed to a later date. And those who do not have the opportunity to fast or it is impossible for health reasons can feed one needy every day, that is, give sadaqa fidia.

Compliance with uraza is stress for the body. How and when should you start preparing for fasting so that you don’t have to become a burden?

In Islam, in addition to the uraza of Ramadan, there is an additional post of nafl. Our prophet held an uraza every Monday and Thursday. To accustom the body, you can keep a few days of fasting at the beginning of the month of Ramadan. A person must conditionally divide the stomach into three parts, and not only during fasting. This is the Sunnah of the Prophet. One part is for food, the second is for water and the third is for air. Our food culture is often such that we get up from the table, having eaten to satiety. The information that the body has eaten reaches the brain only 20-30 minutes after eating. And during these half an hour a person can eat a lot of things. Then, of course, he regrets it. Therefore, you need to get up from the table, not fully sated. This is the way to prepare the body for stress.

Some, as directed by the doctor, must take the medicine three times a day. Is it possible to change the time of taking the drug during uraza?

It depends on the illness. Some medications may be taken twice a day. This year, Uraza falls in the summer, when the days are long. It may turn out that the drugs can be taken once a day. And if the patient cannot skip the medication, then you can move the uraza to the time when the days will be shorter.

In our area, fasting people have to not eat or drink for 18-19 hours. What tips should be taken into account so as not to weaken?

A person should consume at least two liters of water per day. A fasting person needs to drink so much water after iftar. Of course, not immediately. If the body does not need fluid, it will not weaken. On hot days, you need to drink even more. Mineral waters are especially useful. Because in the heat we lose a lot of salt through sweat. To keep the water-salt metabolism in balance, you can take a complex of minerals and vitamins during uraza. Water is especially needed. Thirst will also be reflected in the activity of the heart and blood vessels: the blood thickens, blood clots may occur. During suhoor, you must eat or at least drink water. Our Prophet also spoke about the benefits of suhoor.

- What is the best way to eat in order to save strength during the day and not want to eat and drink?

As for drinks, drink the same as you used to urazy. If you used to drink black tea, then you do not need to switch to green, or vice versa. Our brain and muscles need glucose. Therefore, eat foods with carbohydrates. But it should not be fast carbohydrates - sugar and sweets, they only do harm. You need to eat fruits rich in glucose. After iftar, you can start your meal with dates or raisins. First or second courses - there is no difference. The main thing is not to jump on food abruptly after iftar. This is stress for the body and creates heaviness in the stomach. It is not for nothing that during iftar they take a sip of water or eat one date and immediately leave to read namaz. You need to get used to eating a little before the morning suhoor.

Some feel the benefits of coffee. But he, although he satisfies the feeling of hunger, causes thirst. Can you drink coffee while fasting?

Coffee is both a healthy and harmful drink at the same time. If the body is weakened, then it will aggravate the condition. As a neurologist, I can say one thing: among the nerve nodes emanating from the brain, there are special connections - synapses. There are neurotransmitters - they transmit an impulse from one nerve cell to another. Coffee stimulates the work of these mediators. And then the person wakes up and begins to feel good. If a person is without strength, then there are so few mediators. The body cannot recover, and after drinking coffee, a person, on the contrary, loses strength.

- How to start the first day of fasting in order to organize it correctly?

I myself try to take a vacation with the beginning of the Uraza. I'm also going on vacation this year. Someone can probably take a day off from work that day.

In fact, the first day of uraza is the time of adaptation of the body, stress. But it's useful stress. Recently I read the words of the head of the laboratory of neurobiology of the National Institute for Aging Problems of the USA, Mark Mattson. He writes that short-term fasting is good for nerve cells. Cells experience stress, during starvation ketones are formed, they contribute to the production of energy stations in cells - mitochondria. They, in turn, improve memory. This specialist believes that short-term fasting is useful in order to prevent Alzheimer's disease. I also recently read about research by biologists at the University of Massachusetts. They write that fasting for 24-48 hours is good for the intestines.

Any stress can be beneficial. Our grandparents could not afford to eat as much as we eat now. And what a lifespan! They have not eaten all their lives, and the body was constantly in a state of stress. Uraza is a rest for the stomach, pancreas, intestines. Such breaks are necessary and important for our body.

Is it bad to fast during the day and eat at night? Many people fear that eating before bed leads to obesity.

I have already said about this - you do not need to eat up. After two or three days, the body is already getting used to this regimen and does not ask for a lot of food. Of course, if you eat a lot, you can put on weight during the break. I know such cases.

According to the hazrats, the body needs three days to get used to fasting. What does medicine say about this?

Yes, it takes two or three days. Personally, one day is enough for me to get used to it. The body can become accustomed to everything, the Almighty has conceived it this way. A person often wants not to eat, but to drink. Especially in the heat. During fasting, the body begins to use its reserves - glycogen.

- How to prepare yourself before uraza, so as not to abruptly stop the work of the body?

For two weeks, you can refuse lunch and replace it with water. You can reduce portions of food and drink water instead.

Julia Shapko

Reading time: 7 minutes

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During the holy month of the Muslim calendar, which is called Ramadan in Arabic, or Ramadan in Turkish, Muslims are required to observe a strict fast - limit yourself to drinking, eating and intimacy.

Following the rules of Ramadan, mature people give up their passions. This is how they get rid of negativity.

The post ends with the great holiday of Uraza-Bayram.

Features and Traditions of Ramadan Fasting - What Are Iftar and Suhoor?

fasting believers test the strength of the human spirit. Compliance with the rules of Ramadan makes a person comprehend his way of life, helps to determine the main values ​​in life.

During Ramadan, a Muslim must restrict yourself not only in food, but also carnal satisfaction of their needs, as well as other addictions - for example, smoking. He must learn control yourself, your emotions.

Observing simple fasting rules, every believing Muslim should feel poor and starving, since the available benefits are often perceived as ordinary.

It is forbidden to swear in Ramadan. There is an opportunity to help the needy, the sick and the poor. Muslims believe that prayers and monthly abstinence will enrich everyone who follows the tenets of Islam.

There are two main prescriptions for fasting:

1. Follow the rules of fasting sincerely from dawn to dusk
2. Completely refrain from your passions and needs

And here are a few conditions for what a fasting person should be:

• Over 18 years old
• Muslim
• not insane
• Healthy physically

There are those for whom fasting is contraindicated, and they have the right not to observe it. These are minor children, the elderly and pregnant women, as well as those women who are menstruating or going through the time of postpartum cleansing.

Fasting Ramadan has several traditions

We list the most important:

Suhoor

Throughout Ramadan Muslims eat early in the morning, even before dawn. They believe that Allah will greatly reward such an action.

During the traditional suhoor don't overeat but you should eat enough food. Suhoor gives strength for the whole day. It helps Muslims to stay sane and not be angry, as hunger often causes anger.

If a believer does not perform suhoor, then his day of fasting remains in force, but he does not receive any reward.

Iftar

Iftar is evening meal, which is also performed during fasting. You need to start breaking the fast immediately after sunset, that is after the last day(or the fourth, penultimate prayer on that day). After Iftar follows Isha - night prayer of Muslims(the last of the five obligatory daily prayers).

What you can not eat in the post of Ramadan - all the rules and prohibitions

What to eat during Suhoor:

• Doctors recommend eating complex carbohydrates in the morning - cereal dishes, sprouted grain bread, vegetable salad. Complex carbohydrates provide the body with energy, despite the fact that they are digested for a long time.
• Dried fruits - dates, nuts - almonds and fruits - are also suitable.

What not to eat during Suhoor

• Avoid protein foods. It takes a long time to digest, but loads the liver, which works without interruption during fasting.
• Should not be consumed
• You can not eat fried, smoked, fatty foods in the morning. They put extra stress on the liver and kidneys.
• Refrain from eating fish during Suhoor. After it you want to drink

What not to eat in the evening after adhan

• Fatty and fried foods. It will harm health - cause heartburn, deposit extra pounds.
• Eliminate from food fast food- various cereals in bags or noodles. You won’t get enough of them and literally in an hour or two you will want to have a meal again. In addition, such products will cause appetite even more, as they contain salt and other spices.
• You can't eat sausage and sausages. It is better to exclude them from your diet during the fast of Ramadan. Sausages affect the kidneys and liver, satisfy hunger for only a few hours, and are also able to develop thirst.

Despite prohibitions and strict rules, there are benefits from fasting.:

• Rejection of carnal passions
  A person must understand that he is not a slave of his body. Fasting is a serious reason to give up intimacy. Only by refraining from sinful things can a person preserve his purity of soul.
• Self improvement
  By observing fasting, the believer is more attentive to himself. He gives birth to new character traits, such as humility, tolerance, obedience. Feeling poverty and deprivation, he becomes more resilient, gets rid of fear, more and more begins to believe and learn what was previously hidden.
• Gratitude
  Having gone through the refusal of food, a Muslim becomes closer to his Creator. He realizes that the innumerable blessings that Allah sends are given to man for a reason. The believer gains a sense of gratitude for the gifts sent.
• An Opportunity to Experience Mercy
  Fasting reminds people of the poor, and also calls to be merciful and help those in need. Having gone through this test, the believer remembers kindness and humanity, as well as the fact that everyone is equal before God.
• frugality
  Fasting teaches people to be economical, limit themselves and curb their desires.
• Strengthens health
  The benefit to the physical state of human health is manifested in the fact that the digestive system is resting. In a month, the intestines are completely cleansed of toxins, toxins and harmful substances.

Holy Ramadan timetable until 2020 - when does Ramadan fast start and end?

IN 2015 Ramadan will begin on June 18 and end on July 17.

Here are the dates of Holy Ramadan:

2016– from June 6 to July 5.
2017– from May 26 to June 25.
2018- from May 17 to June 16.
2019- from May 6 to June 5.
2020 from April 23rd to May 22nd.

Breaking the Ramadan Fast - Actions Breaking the Muslim Ramadan Fast and Punishments

It is worth noting that the rules of fasting Ramadan are valid only during the daytime. Some acts committed during fasting are considered forbidden.

Actions that interrupt the Muslim Ramadan include:

• Special or intentional meal
• Unspoken intention to fast
• Masturbation or intercourse
• Smoking
• Spontaneous vomiting
• Administration of rectal or vaginal medications

However condescension towards similar actions. Despite their similarities, they do not break the post.

They include:

• Unintentional meal
• Administration of drugs through injections
• kisses
• Petting, if they do not lead to ejaculation
• Teeth cleaning
• blood donation
• Period
• involuntary vomiting
• Failure to perform prayers

Punishments for breaking the Ramadan fast:

Those who unintentionally who broke the fast due to illness, must on any other day spend the missed day of fasting.

For sexual intercourse performed during daylight hours, the believer is obliged to defend another 60 days of fasting, or to feed 60 needy.

Uraza in questions and answers

Is it permissible to use perfume during fasting?

The use of perfume is permitted during fasting. None of the jurists forbids the use of perfume in the month of Ramadan and does not say that this violates the fast.

Yusuf Al Qaradawi,
"Modern Fatwas", section on "About fasting"
Translated by: Ya. Rasulov

A lot of people at the beginning of the month of Ramadan forget about fasting. Someone drinks a glass of water, another lights a cigar or starts something to eat. He remembers that he is fasting after he has already eaten or drunk something. Is he still allowed to fast, or is the fast already broken?

Answer: In the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) it is said: “Whoever, while fasting, tasted food or drink out of forgetfulness, then let him continue fasting. Indeed, it is only Allah who has fed and watered him.” (Narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim). Another reliable version of the hadith says: “.... this is just the food that Allah endowed him with, there is no obligation on him to compensate for the fast” (narrated by Ad-Darakutni). And in another also reliable version, it says this: “Whoever, out of forgetfulness, ate food during fasting in Ramadan, then he does not have the obligation to compensate for the fast or expiate it (with alms)” (narrated by Ad-Darakutni, Al-Hakim)

These hadiths unequivocally state that eating and drinking through forgetfulness does not break the fast. This is consistent with the words of the Almighty: “Our Lord! Spare us if we forget or err” (2:286). In authentic hadiths it is said that Allah answered this prayer. Also in an authentic hadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him) it is said: “Verily, Allah has forgiven this ummah for mistakes, forgetfulness and actions committed under duress.”

A fasting person who, due to forgetfulness, has taken food or drink, must continue his fast. He must not stop fasting.

Yusuf Al Qaradawi,
“Modern fatwas”, section “About fasting”
Translation: Ya. Rasulo V

Is it possible to fast for someone who does not pray 5 times a prayer?

A Muslim is obliged to perform worship in its full form: to pray 5 times a prayer, to pay zakat (an annual tax levied on the rich segments of the population - Trans.), to fast, to make a pilgrimage (hajj) when he finds an opportunity for this.

Whoever, without a justifiable reason, does not observe any of these precepts, he is a sinner before God. The jurists of Islam make various assessments of him. Some believe that a Muslim who does not comply with any of these prescriptions is "infidel" ("kafir"), others consider only one who does not observe prayer and does not pay zakat as a "kafir"; from the point of view of the third, only the one who does not observe prayer is a kafir, since it occupies a special place before God and in the hadith of the prophet (peace be upon him) it is said: “Between a person and unbelief lies the abandonment of prayer” (narrated by Muslim).

The jurists who claim that a Muslim is "infidel" if he does not pray do not believe that his fast will be accepted by the Almighty, since the service, worship of the "infidel" is not accepted by God.

Some jurists believe that such a Muslim retains his faith and his belonging to Islam if he believes in Allah, his messenger Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his revelation (Quran), without questioning or denying it. This group of jurists calls such Muslims "those who deviated from the commandment of their Lord." Perhaps this last assessment (Allah knows best) is the most correct of all points of view of jurists.

Thus, a person who, due to his laziness or other moods, shows omissions, negligence in the execution of some prescriptions, but observes other prescriptions, is a person with a weak faith, professing inferior Islam. His faith is at stake if he continually deviates from the precepts.

But Almighty Allah will not leave without reward the one who did good deeds. He will receive full recompense according to his deeds. “And everything they do is recorded in their books, where a record of all - both small and great deeds” (54:52), “And the one who did good the size of a speck of dust will see it! And he who has done evil as small as a speck of dust will see it” (99:7-8).

Yusuf Al Qaradawi,

Translation: Ya. Rasulov

Does rinsing the mouth and nose during wudu break the fast? Is the fast broken if one accidentally swallows water while rinsing the mouth or nose?

Rinsing the mouth and nose is either sunnah (desirable course of action. - Transl.), according to the three luminaries of the law: Abu Hanifa, Malik, Ash-Shafi'i, or prescription (fard), according to Ahmad Hanbal, who considered it an integral part of washing the face . But regardless of whether rinsing the mouth and nose is a desirable thing or a prescription, leaving it is not required during fasting.

A Muslim who is fasting should not swallow water deeply, rinsing his mouth and nose, as he does at ordinary times. The hadeeth says: “When you rinse your nose, then deeply (swallow water), unless you are fasting” (narrated by Ash-Shafi'i).

If a fasting person, rinsing his mouth or nose during ablution, involuntarily, unintentionally (without showing waste) swallowed water, then his fast is not violated. This is tantamount to swallowing road dust, or the dust of sifted flour, or an insect that has flown into the mouth, since these are all among the forgiven "mistakes" (despite the fact that some jurists do not think so).

It should be noted that rinsing the mouth outside of ablution also does not break the fast, unless water enters the stomach.

Allah knows best!

Yusuf Al Qaradawi,
"Modern Fatwas", section "About fasting"
Translation: Ya. Rasulov

Do kisses and caresses of spouses break the fast?

Kissing while fasting is allowed for those who control their senses. An authentic hadith (from Aisha) says: “The Prophet (peace be upon him) kissed (his wives) while fasting, and caressed (them) while fasting. He had the best control over his (sensual) desires.”

Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reports: “One day, while fasting, I kissed my wife. I came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said to him: “I committed a great sin: I kissed my wife while fasting.” The Prophet (peace be upon him) asked me: “How do you look at what if you, while fasting, rinsed your mouth ? I replied, "There's nothing wrong with that." He (peace be upon him) said: “Then what is this question for?”

Ibn Al-Mundhir said: Kisses (during fasting) were allowed: Umar, Ibn Abbas, Abu Hurairah, Aisha, Atta, Ash-Shaabi, Al-Hasan, Ahmad, Ishaq.

According to the schools of Al-Hanafi and Ash-Shafi'i, kissing during fasting is undesirable only for those people in whom they arouse sensual desires. Although, nevertheless, abstaining from kissing during fasting is better in any case.

Thus, the starting point from which this question is based is the excitement and danger of eruption of seminal fluid arising from kissing. And there is no difference between the elderly and the young. That is, kisses are undesirable during fasting for any person, regardless of his age, if as a result of them he has sensual desires. Accordingly, if kisses do not cause excitement in a person, whether he is old or young, then there is no “undesirability” in them.

There is no difference between kisses on the cheek, lips or other places. Caressing spouses in this matter is tantamount to kissing.

Source: Sayyid Sabik, Fiqh-us-Sunnah
Translated by Y. Rasulov

Is it allowed for a patient to put suppositories (candles) for hemorrhoids, an enema and drip medicine into the ear during fasting?

Everyone knows the simple meaning of fasting: abstaining from food, drink and intercourse. The Quran points to this. Also, everyone knows what meaning these forbidden moments carry in themselves. It was also understood by ordinary Bedouins in the era of the Prophet, who did not need logical interpretations to understand the meaning of "food" and "drink". Also, everyone knows the main meaning of fasting - it is a manifestation of humility, worship of God by abstaining from bodily lusts in order to achieve His contentment. As it is said in the “holy” hadith: “Every deed of a person is for himself, except for fasting: he (dedicated) to Me and I will repay for him. Man leaves his food, drink and lusts for My sake” (narrated by Al-Bukhari).

In this sense, neither the use of all kinds of injections, nor the use of candles, etc. is not eating or drinking, both from the point of view of the language and from the point of view of custom, and does not contradict the meaning of fasting established by Sharia. Therefore, all this does not break the fast. In this matter, in which Allah has not created hardships for us, we should not be excessively strict. In the verse regarding fasting, the Almighty says: “Allah wants ease for you and does not want hardship for you” (2:185).

Ibn Hazm writes: “The fast is not broken: enema, medicine injected into the nose, liquid medicine dripped into the ear, nose or urethra, rinsing the nose (and even if the water has reached the throat), rinsing the mouth (and even if the water involuntarily entered inside the throat), the use of eye powder (antimony) from any composition, and even if it penetrated to the throat (whether day or night), flour or any other dust (purulent, flower), an insect that accidentally flew into the mouth ... ".

Ibn Hazm, arguing his opinion, writes: “Allah forbids us during fasting only eating and drinking, intercourse, intentionally inducing vomiting and committing sins. It is perfectly known that eating and drinking is not done through the anus or urethra, through the ear, eye or nose, through an injury to the abdomen or head (that is, the penetration of the drug into the stomach or blood through the wound. - Transl.). It is not forbidden for us to introduce into the stomach (except food and drink) what is not forbidden to enter into it.

Shaykh-ul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah writes the following regarding the use of eye powder, enema, liquid medicine for the urethra, penetration of the medicine into the stomach through the wound: “The most correct point of view is that all these things do not break the fast, since knowledge of fasting, as a component of religion, should be known to all people. If all these things were among the things forbidden by Allah and his Messenger and would break the fast, then the Prophet (peace be upon him) should have explained this. But if the Prophet (peace be upon him) would have given any instructions on this matter, then his companions would have known about this and would have brought this information to the Muslim mind, just as they brought the rest of the Sharia to it. And since none of the “people of knowledge” transmitted from the Prophet (peace be upon him) any hadith (whether authentic or weak) on this matter, it becomes clear that there are no indications on this score. Allah knows best."

Yusuf Al Qaradawi,
"Modern Fatwas", section "About fasting"
Translation: Ya. Rasulov

Where do you need to pay zakat al-fitr (alms tax): where did you fast or where did you meet the holiday of the end of the month of Ramadan?

A Muslim pays zakat al-fitr in the city (country) in which he met the eve of the holiday (the first night of the month of Shawwal), since the basis of this alms tax is not fasting, but “breaking the fast”, “end of fasting” (“fitr "). That is why it is associated with breaking the fast and is called "sunset al-fitr"

If a person dies before sunset on the last day of the month of Ramadan, then it is not necessary to pay zakat al-fit for him, even if he fasted all the days of Ramadan. If a newborn was born after sunset on the last day of Ramadan (that is, on the first night of the month of Shawwal), then Zakat-al-Fitr must be paid for him, according to the unanimous opinion of jurists. Thus, this alms tax is linked with the holiday, with universal joy, which should also extend to the poor and the poor. Therefore, regarding the latter, the hadith says: “Enrich them on this day!”

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, Modern Fatwas
Translation: Ya. Rasulov

Is the fast of a person who, while fasting, lying, condemning people behind his eyes, looking with lust at other people's women, violated?

A useful and complete fast is a fast that improves a person, fosters a desire to do good and generates piety, mentioned in the Qur'an: “O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, as it was prescribed for those who were before you, so that you may acquire piety. (2:183).

A fasting person must refrain from words and deeds that are incompatible with the spirit of fasting. Otherwise, the meaning of his fast will be reduced to empty starvation, thirst and prohibitions. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “How many are fasting, receiving only hunger from fasting, and how many are standing (at prayer nights), receiving only wakefulness from standing” (narrated by Al-Hakim: an authentic hadith, according to the conditions of Al-Bukhari). Also, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “Whoever does not leave a lie and the actions resulting from it, then Allah does not need him to abstain from food and drink” (narrated by Al-Bukhari).

Ibn Hazm believes that sins break the fast in the same way that intentional eating breaks it. Some of the companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and their contemporaries have statements that allow such a conclusion to be drawn.

We, although we do not adhere to the opinion of Ibn Hazm, believe that sins destroy the good consequences of fasting, violate the purpose of its purpose. That is why the first generations of the Islamic ummah paid attention to refraining from idle talk and the forbidden, as well as refraining from eating and drinking. Umar Al-Khattab, the closest companion of the Prophet (peace be upon him), said: “Abstinence (fasting) is not only from food and drink, but also from lies, nonsense and idle talk.” Ali, the cousin of the Prophet and the fourth caliph, the following statement belongs: “If you fast, then let your hearing, sight and tongue “fast” from lies and sinfulness. Don't trouble the servants. Be filled with dignity and peace in the days of your fast. And do not make your ordinary day and the day of fasting equal. Maimun ibn Makhran said: "The easiest way to fast is to abstain from eating."

In any case, just as fasting has its consequences and reward, so lying will receive its reward before God. “Before Him, everything (existing) is in measure” (Sura “Thunder”, ayat 8). And every act will be evaluated and weighed. "My Lord does not err (never), and (nothing) forgets." (Sura "Ta-ha", ayat 52)

Meditate on the following hadith about the accuracy of the divine calculation on the Day of Judgment, and you will be able to find a complete answer to your question.

One of the companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) came to him and asked: “O Messenger of Allah, I have slaves. They deceive me and disobey me, and for this I scold and beat them. What awaits me (on the Day of Judgment) for them? The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) replied: “Their deceit, lies, disobedience towards you and your punishment towards them will be counted. And if your punishment is lower than their sins, then this difference is in your favor. If your punishment is in proportion to their sins, then this is neither in your favor nor against you. And if your punishment was higher than their sins, then you will be punished for them within the remaining difference. After these words, the companion burst into tears. And the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “Why don’t you read the book of Allah? “On the Day of Resurrection, We will set the right scales, and not a single soul will be offended in anything, and if any (of its deeds) weigh even the size of a maid’s grain, then We will put it on the weight, and We are enough for calculation” (Surah “Prophets”, verse 47). Then the companion exclaimed: “O Messenger of Allah, I see no better than to part with them (slaves). I call you to witness - they are all free! (Reported by Imam Ahmad and At-Termezi from Aisha).

Yusuf Al Qaradawi,
"Modern Fatwas", section "About fasting"
Translation: Ya. Rasulov

Are injections allowed during fasting?

Injections are divided into several types. It can be said unequivocally that any injections used for treatment, whether they are intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous, do not break the fast. There is no disagreement here.

As for nutritional injections, for example, glucose injections, through which nutrients immediately enter the bloodstream, scientists of our time disagree about them. This issue is not elucidated neither by the Prophet (peace be upon him), nor by his companions and their contemporaries, since such methods of treatment were not used in their time. Therefore, there are disagreements here.

One part of the scientists believes that nutritional injections break the fast, since the nutrition goes directly into the human blood. According to other scholars, these injections do not break the fast. From their point of view, the fast cannot be broken, since the nutrients enter the blood, and not the stomach. That is, fasting is broken when a person takes what penetrates the stomach and then the person feels the satisfaction of hunger and thirst. After all, the essence of fasting boils down to the fact that a person deprives himself of gastric and sexual needs. That is, a person feels a feeling of hunger and thirst. Because of this, they believe that nutritional injections do not break the fast.

Although I am inclined to the latter point of view, I still think that as a precaution it is better to refuse nutritional injections during the daylight hours of Ramadan. For those who want to make such injections, there is quite a sufficient amount of time, starting from sunset.

If a person is sick, then Allah has given him the right to refrain from fasting. After all, these injections (even if they do not really nourish to the same extent as the natural food and drink consumed by a person, and the person does not feel hunger and thirst satisfied) at least bring revival to the human body. A person does not feel the fatigue that a fasting person usually experiences. But a person's feeling of hunger and thirst is one of the goals of this post. Thus, a person knows the magnitude of the mercy of Allah towards himself. And thus he feels the state of the hungry, unfortunate and poor part of humanity.

I am afraid that the wealthy part of society will get rid of these feelings and the burdens of fasting through such injections. Therefore, it would be preferable to postpone this matter until the evening, after breaking the fast.

Yusuf Al Qaradawi,
"Modern Fatwas", section "About fasting"
Translation: Ya. Rasulov

sunset al-fitr

The size of zakat al-fitr does not change, since it is established by Shariah and equals 1 saa (a measure of loose bodies). The size of the saa in loose bodies was determined by the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the meaning of this establishment, in my opinion, comes down to two things:

1. Money exchange was rare among the Arabs, especially among the nomadic Arabs, the Bedouins. If the latter were ordered to pay a tax in the amount of a dinar or a dirham, they would not be able to do so. They owned only common natural products (dates, barley, raisins, etc.), which were eaten by the Arabs at that time. Because of this, the Prophet (peace be upon him) ordered to pay zakat al-fitr with loose bodies.

2. The purchasing value of a monetary unit varies with time. Sometimes the exchange rate of the real falls and its purchasing value drops noticeably. And sometimes the purchasing value of the real rises on the currency boards. This makes the establishment of zakat al-fitr in a monetary unit dependent on the rise and fall of the currency, not stable. Because of this, the Prophet (peace be upon him) defines zakat-al-fitr in a size that is not subject to changes and fluctuations - this is saa. Saa, in most cases, provides the daily ration of the whole family.

The Prophet (peace be upon him) established loose bodies for the payment of zakat al-fitr, which were widely circulated in his time. But their list is not rigid, strictly defined. Therefore, jurists believe that it is allowed to pay zakat al-fitr with those loose bodies that are widely used in a certain area, whether it be wheat, rice or corn, etc. The size of saa is approximately 2 kg.

Saa is allowed to be paid in cash, according to the school of Abu Hanifa. If a person has the opportunity, it is preferable to pay an amount exceeding the cost of saa, since food on these holidays is not limited to, for example, only rice. It is necessary to this meat, broth, herbs, fruits, etc.

Allah knows best!

Yusuf Al Qaradawi,
"Modern Fatwas", section "About fasting"
Translation: Ya. Rasulov

Can you use toothpaste while fasting?

When using toothpaste, care must be taken not to swallow the paste internally. According to most scientists, if the paste gets inside the body, fasting is violated. Therefore, it is better to postpone the use of toothpaste until the evening.

However, if a fasting person, while brushing his teeth and being careful, nevertheless swallowed toothpaste by mistake, then his fast is not violated. Almighty Allah says in the Qur'an: "... There will be no sin on you if you make a mistake, and sin is only in what your heart plans - Allah is Forgiving, Merciful!" (Sura "Allies", verse 5).

And the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: "My community is forgiven for mistakes, forgetfulness and acts committed under duress."

Yusuf Al Qaradawi,
"Modern Fatwas", section "About fasting"
Translation: Ya. Rasulov

Is a fasting person allowed to watch TV?

Television is a medium through which both positive and negative results can be achieved. Such funds are always evaluated in accordance with their goals and intentions. Television, like radio or the press, contains both the beautiful and the indecent.

A Muslim should benefit from the beautiful and avoid the indecent at any time and regardless of fasting. Of course, when fasting, a Muslim should be more careful not to spoil the spiritual benefits of fasting and not to lose God's reward.

I cannot say that viewing TV information is absolutely allowed or absolutely prohibited. It all depends on what to watch. If it is useful, such as religious programs, news or programs that focus on the positive, etc., then, of course, it is allowed. And if it’s bad, then watching it is not allowed at any time, and especially in Ramadan.

Yusuf Al Qaradawi,
"Modern Fatwas", section "About fasting"
Translation: Ya. Rasulov

What is suhoor?

Suhoor is the time before the first glimpses of dawn, when Muslims can eat for the last time before fasting.

Sheikh Yu. Al-Qaradawi was asked about whether suhoor, that is, eating during this period of time, is it an indispensable condition for fasting?

Here is what Yu. Al-Qaradawi answered:

Suhoor is not a condition of fasting. This is only the “sunnah” (“desirable course of action”), which the Prophet observed and commanded to observe it: “Eat food before dawn, because, indeed, there is grace in suhoor.”

That is, the observance of suhoor is included in the category of "sunnah". It is also desirable (sunnah) during suhoor to delay the time of eating until the end, as this shortens the time of hunger and thirst, strengthens the fasting person and reduces the hardships of fasting. Islam, in its essence, consists of reliefs that stimulate a person to worship. Speeding up the time of breaking the fast and delaying the suhoor are manifestations of these reliefs.

Thus, for a fasting person, according to the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him), it is advisable to take food before dawn, even if it is very modest - at least a date or a sip of water.

Yusuf Al Qaradawi,
"Modern Fatwas", section "About fasting"
Translation: Ya. Rasulov

Is it possible for a pregnant woman or a nurse to abstain from fasting?

Is it permissible for a pregnant woman to refrain from fasting if she fears for the child in her womb who may die? And what other duty does she have instead of fasting, if she has the right not to fast?

Answer: Yes, a pregnant woman is allowed to refrain from fasting if she fears for the life of the fetus in her womb. Moreover, if a Muslim doctor, who should be an enlightened specialist and a religious person, confirms these fears, she is obliged to refrain from fasting in order to save the life of the fetus. Almighty Allah says: "... Do not kill your children ..." (6; 151).

The life of this fetus has the right of inviolability, and no one, neither man nor woman, has the right to encroach on it and bring the fetus to death. God never wants to put people in a difficult position. In the verse of the Qur'an: "... for those who can fast (with difficulty), a ransom is appointed - to feed the poor .." (2; 184), it also refers (as it is reported from a companion of the Prophet Ibn Abbas) about a pregnant woman and a nurse .

If a nurse or a pregnant woman fears for her own health, then, according to most jurists, they can refrain from fasting, and will have to make up for the missed days of fasting at another time. In this situation, they are equivalent to a sick person.

If the pregnant woman or the nurse fears for the health of the fetus or infant, then they also refrain from fasting. But here the jurists are already disagreeing about the consequences: what is their obligation after this? One group of scholars believe that they are obliged to make up the missed days of fasting, another group believes that they are only obliged to feed the poor for each missed day without making up the fast, and, finally, from the point of view of the third group of jurists, they must make up the missed days and along with this to feed the poor.

I believe that in this situation a woman has the right not to make up for missed days, but only to feed the poor for each missed day of fasting. The period of pregnancy and lactation follow each other for a woman, and she does not find an opportunity to compensate for the missed days of fasting. In one year - she is pregnant, in the second year - she becomes a nurse, in the next year - she is again in a position ...

Thus, the period of pregnancy and lactation replace each other, and the woman does not find time, strength, or opportunity to compensate for fasting. If we charge her with the obligation to make up for all the missed days of fasting during pregnancy or lactation, then this means that she is obliged to fast continuously for several years. And it's difficult. Allah does not want to burden the life of his creations.

Yusuf Al Qaradawi,
"Modern Fatwas", section "About fasting"
Translation: Ya. Rasulov

Are the elderly and the chronically ill allowed to refrain from fasting? If so, do they have any other responsibility after that?

An elderly man or woman who is greatly exhausted by fasting is allowed to refrain from fasting in the month of Ramadan. It is also allowed to refrain from fasting a chronically ill person if the doctors testify that the disease is chronic or incurable.

They, if they do not fast, need to feed one poor person for each missed day of fasting. This is permission and relief from the Lord. The Almighty says: “God wants relief for you, and does not want hardships for you” (2:185), “In religion, He has not placed any hardships on you” (22:78).

The companion of the Prophet Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “An aged old man refrains from fasting, feeds the poor for every day, and does not fast for missed days” (narrated by Ad-Darakutniy, and Al-Hakim).

Al-Bukhari reports similarly: the following ayat of the Qur'an was sent down regarding the elderly elders: “For those who can fast (with difficulty), a ransom is appointed - to feed the poor. But whoever voluntarily adds good things to this, he will have for himself in the future. That is, whoever feeds more poor people than required, then it is better for him in the sight of Allah.

Thus, the elderly men and women and the chronically ill have the right to refrain from fasting, after which they must pay alms for each missed day in favor of the poor.

Yusuf Al Qaradawi,
"Modern Fatwas", section "About fasting"
Translation: Ya. Rasulov

Is there an age set by Shari'ah for children to fast?

The hadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him) says: “The pen is raised in relation to three (i.e. their deeds are not recorded - Translation.): to a child until it reaches adulthood, sleeping until it wakes up and insane until it recovers” (authentic hadith, narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawood, An-Nisai, Ibn Maja, Al-Hakim).

“The pen is raised” means the absence of responsibility, duty (taklif), that is, they do not bear any responsibility, duty. But at the same time, Islam, a religion that takes into account human nature, teaches children from an early age to perform worship. The hadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him) says: “Command your children to pray from the age of 7, and punish them (for not performing it) from 10” (narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawood, Al-Hakim).

Fasting is also worship and a religious prescription along with prayer. And it is necessary to accustom children to fasting. But from what age? Not necessarily - from 7 years. After all, fasting is more difficult than prayer. Therefore, this matter depends entirely on the capabilities and strengths of the child. If a parent or guardian sees that the child is able to physically endure fasting, at least on certain days in each month, let him accustom him to this. Let him teach him to fast every year: the first year - 3 days, the second year - a week, the third - 2 weeks, the next - a month. When the age of majority (the age of responsibility) comes, fasting will not become painful for him, since he was accustomed to the practice of fasting in advance.

Thus, Islamic upbringing consists in the fact that a child from an early age is accustomed to the etiquette of Islam and the fulfillment of its instructions. Parents and guardians should accustom children to prayer from the age of 7, punish them for non-fulfilment from the age of 10, accustom them to fasting from the age when they are able to fast.

Yusuf Al Qaradawi,
"Modern Fatwas", section "About fasting"
Translation: Ya. Rasulov

Do wet dreams and bathing break the fast?

If in the daytime of the month of Ramadan during sleep I had wet dreams (involuntary eruption of seminal fluid), after which I took a “bath”, is my fast violated?

As I understand it, they ask me about wet dreams: do they break the fast or not? For some people, this question is indeed still difficult. I answer: wet dreams do not violate the fast, since they occur in a person involuntarily, unintentionally. Bathing, of course, also does not violate the fast, since it is a cleansing prescribed for a Muslim by Sharia, and even if during bathing the water has entered the ears.

Fasting is also not broken if a person accidentally swallowed water while doing ablution or bathing, since all this is among the forgiven mistakes and oversights. Almighty Allah says: “... There will be no sin on you if you make a mistake, and sin is only in what your heart plans, - Allah is forgiving, merciful!” (Sura "Allies", verse 5). And the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: “My community is forgiven for mistakes, forgetfulness and actions committed under duress,” (an authentic hadith, narrated by at-Tabrani from ibn Umar).

Yusuf Al Qaradawi,
"Modern Fatwas", section "About fasting"
Translation: Ya. Rasulov

Allah Almighty says in the Qur'an: "O you who believe, fasting is prescribed for you, as it was prescribed for other generations who lived before you, so that you can achieve righteousness and fear of God." (Sura al-Baqarah, verse 183)

The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever fasts during the month of Ramadan, believing in Allah and His reward, all past sins will be forgiven.” (Reported by Imam Bukhari)

Fasting in the month of Ramadan is one of the main pillars of Islam. This is obligatory for every sane, healthy Muslim who has reached puberty and does not travel during fasting. As for women, they should not fast if they are menstruating or bleeding after giving birth.

There are two main points for a post to be valid:

1. Intention. There must be an intention to fast during the month of Ramadan. Intention does not have to be repeated out loud, because it is actually an act of the heart that is not related to language. It is enough to have a sincere intention to fast in obedience to Allah, desiring His pleasure.

2. The second most important element of fasting, refraining from eating, drinking and sexual intercourse during the daytime, from the beginning of the time of morning prayer (2 hours before sunrise) until the beginning of evening prayer (until sunset, until the sun completely disappears below the horizon) .

There are six actions that invalidate a fast:

1. Deliberate eating or drinking water. If someone eats or drinks out of forgetfulness, mistake or coercion, then his fast does not spoil and he must continue it further. If a person decides to eat or drink for any other reason, then his fast will become invalid.

2. Deliberate vomiting. Unintentional vomiting (due to illness) does not spoil the fast and the person must continue to fast. If someone throws up, for some other reason, deliberately causing vomiting, then his fast will become invalid ...

3. Intentional sexual intercourse. If a fasting person deliberately commits sexual intercourse during fasting, then his fast is spoiled (then he must perform kaffara, atonement for sin, that is, fast after Ramadan continuously for sixty days, or if he is unable to do this for health reasons, he should feed sixty poor of people).

4. Menstrual bleeding. Fasting becomes invalid during menstrual bleeding or after childbirth. Even if such bleeding begins right before sunset. The fasts missed for this reason must be made up at a later date.

All the actions mentioned above are agreed upon by all the scholars of Islam. However, there are other actions that are not mentioned above and that are not agreed upon, that is, controversial. This includes the actions allowed during the fast:

1. Take a shower. It is acceptable to take a shower for any reason, even if it is due to thirst or overheating.

2. Washing the mouth and nose. It is allowed to rinse the mouth and nose with care to avoid swallowing water, which will invalidate the fast.

3. Applying eyeliner or eye drops. It is allowed to use eye drops or something else for the eyes.

4. Injections. It is also allowed to take injections for medical purposes; there is no evidence that this invalidates the post.

5. Fasting will not be invalid if a person swallows something from which he cannot protect himself. For example, swallowing saliva or accidentally swallowing dust or sifted flour that accidentally gets into the mouth.

6. Tasting food with the tongue. Fasting does not spoil even if the fasting person tastes the food with his tongue (when cooking or buying food at the market).

7. You can use toothpaste or mouthwash if nothing is swallowed.

8. Inhaling different aromas

9. Kissing and hugging a spouse. It is acceptable to kiss and hug your wife if the person is able to control himself.

10. Donate blood. It is allowed to take blood in any quantity, for any reason. If donating blood weakens a person, then this will be considered an undesirable action.

11. To be in a state of janab (ritual impurity, after sexual intimacy). The fast will be valid if the person is in a state of Janab after Fajr (dawn) has come. Ghusl can take even before the morning prayer time.

Who can not keep a post?

There are certain situations in which certain categories of people may not fast. This includes the sick, travelers (musafirs), women who have menstruation or postpartum bleeding. This category of people makes up for missed days of fasting at other times after the month of Ramadan. That is, when the traveler finishes the journey, the sick when he recovers, and when the women are cleansed.

Those who cannot fast due to permanent (chronic) illness or old age are required to pay fidia (feed one poor person or give the average amount that would be spent on feeding a poor person) for each day of fasting that they missed.

Pregnant and breastfeeding women who fear that fasting may weaken them or harm their child have the right to leave the fast and then make up for it at another convenient time.

1. Do not skip suhoor, as at this time the food is considered barakat (blessed).

2. Do not stretch, but break the fast after sunset.

6. We can also get rewards by using Miswak (a piece of root from the Arak tree that grows in the Hijaz region of the Arabian Peninsula, used for cleaning teeth), if it is not available, any other mouth cleaner is sufficient.

We ask Allah to strengthen us in Ramadan, accept our fasts and reward us with His forgiveness and the highest place in Paradise. Amine.