Ministry of Education of the Republic of Bashkortostan
municipal educational budgetary institution
administration of the urban district of Neftekamsk
secondary school No. 12
ABSTRACT ON TECHNOLOGY ON THE TOPIC: “DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ARTS. ISONIT"
Abstract prepared by:
student of grade 8b MOBU secondary school No. 12
Tyurin Alexey
student of grade 7b MOBU secondary school No. 12
Talipova Halima
Leaders:
Kamalova K.F.
technology teacher MOBU secondary school No. 12,
additional education teacher
Gabova E.N.
Neftekamsk
1. Title page page 1
3. Introduction page 3
4. Main part page 5
4.1. Isothread page 5
4.2 History of isothread p. 5
4.2.History today page 5
4.3. Basic techniques and tools page 6
4.3.1. Filling a corner page 7
4.3.2. Filling the circle page 8
4.3.3. Filling out various shapes page 9
4.3.4. Filling the arc page 10
4.3.5. Filling the spiral page 10
4.3.6. Incomplete filling of the oval page 11
4.4. About color page 11
4.5. Variety of isothreads page 12
4.6. Isothread on disks page 13
4.7. Application of the program Korel Draw page 13
4.8. Using the KOMPAS program page 14
4.9 Isothread in clothing decor p. 15
4.10. Isothread in the interior p. 15
4.11. Tips page 15
5. Final part p. 16
6. Literature page 17
INTRODUCTION
During technology lessons, girls study in their office, and boys in their workshop. But we were united by our love for arts and crafts. “Isothread” - thread drawing, thread graphics, thread printing - these are a few names for this type of art. Isothread is a graphic design made with threads stretched in a certain order on a solid base.
Isothread is liked by both boys and girls. Girls embroider flowers and parrots, boys embroider space rockets and, of course, cars. The works of boys and girls differ not only in the themes of the drawings, but also in the technique of execution.
We became interested in isothread; we were attracted by its simplicity of execution and originality. I liked the fact that the isothread technique does not require expensive materials - only bright colored threads, wire and a hard backing.
We wanted to learn more about this creativity, so we began to study additionally in a circle. In lessons and classes in the circle, we learned that this type of art allows you to create paintings, panels, postcards, bookmarks, covers for books and textbooks and other products from threads and wire on a solid basis (cardboard, board, chipboard, disks and much more). other), where the thread or wire is pulled in a certain sequence.
On instructions from the managers, we selected drawings and diagrams to perform practical work and saw that this technique can be applied and used in interior design as well.
There is a lot of material about isothread in books and on the Internet. We wanted to learn more about this wonderful art form. And we decided to combine all known methods of performing work depending on the base material. Our essay is an attempt to talk about all types of isothread and show what kind of work we can already do.
The passion for isothread united us and our goal became:
Try to collect as much material as possible about this type of arts and crafts;
Come up with new options for graphic designs and create new compositions and ornaments;
Expand creativity by moving from simple to complex. We already know a lot, but there is still more to learn.
To achieve the goal, we need to conduct research on the possibilities of using the isothread technique in the production of works, and improve the skills of practical work in the isothread technique.
We began our acquaintance with isothread technology with publications in the magazine “School and Production” and methodological developments by managers. When making our first works, we used the compositions and ornaments proposed in the book “The Magic Thread” by Lilia Burundukova. We also used articles and materials published in the book of Minsk professor G.A. Branitsky “Paintings from colored threads and nails” and the book by Nagibina M.I. “Do-it-yourself fabric miracles.”
Now this art is practiced in many countries of the world (England, USA, Denmark, Australia, etc.). Analyzing the available information on the Internet, we learned that many books are published on this type of needlework, there are step-by-step instructions and albums of ideas.
The most frequently published and translated books by Erica Fortgens. It has its own brand and produces all materials and tools for embroidery on paper: backing mat, dot piercers, photocopies of designs, copper reusable design templates and various papers. In her works, Erica Fortgens additionally uses the applique of origami elements, beads and the “wet embossing” method on paper, offering ideas for making cards, bookmarks and photo frames.
In America, students are introduced to thread design in some schools. A number of original works can be seen in museums. Paintings can be bought in stores, both ready-made and in the form of do-it-yourself kits.
In Switzerland, for example, you can buy elegant postcards (made on thick paper with silk threads) at charity sales at monasteries.
The art is
to find the extraordinary in
ordinary and ordinary
in the extraordinary.
Isothread
Isothread is a very interesting and fascinating technique. It attracts with its simplicity of execution and originality. The isothread technique does not require expensive materials - only bright colored threads and a solid base.
At first glance, it seems that the thread design technique is complex and mastering it requires incredible effort. In reality, everything is much simpler. We are confident that anyone can master this handicraft, and then invent and create interesting compositions.
The term “thread design” (thread graphics or isothread) is used in Russia, in English-speaking countries the phrase “embroidery on paper” is used - embroidery on paper or Form-A-Lines - forms from lines, the same thing, but in French - broderie sur papier. In German-speaking countries the term is “pickpoints”. We provide terms so that it is better to search on the Internet, using foreign resources.
History of isothread
The origins of this creativity came from the masters of England. They worked in the following way: they hammered nails into a flat wooden board, onto which they then pulled threads in a certain sequence. The result was openwork lace products that were used to decorate the home. (A version arose that these works were some kind of sketches for patterns on fabric). The result was openwork lace products that were used to decorate homes, household items, interior decoration, and for making gifts and souvenirs.
Isothread today
Nowadays, velvet paper is more often used - it has a ready-made color background and texture. Colored cardboard and sandpaper are also used. The sandpaper has sufficient density and does not tighten with thread when pulled. In addition, sandpaper has a very noble color scheme. The work looks especially impressive if the colors of the threads are chosen in contrast to the base. You can use different threads: simple bobbin, wool and silk, garus and floss, lurex, iris, etc. Gold and silver threads will look great on gift and greeting souvenirs.
Modern consumables make it possible to obtain very beautiful and effective products. Work can be performed not only on new materials, but also on waste ones. These are CDs, plastic camping plates and much more that a person’s imagination is capable of.
Interest in filament graphics appeared and then disappeared. One of the peaks of popularity was at the end of the 19th century. Books on needlework were published, which described an unusual method of embroidery on paper, simple and easy, accessible even to small children. The work used perforated cards (ready-made templates) and the technique of filling the corner, “cross” and “stalk” stitches (for embroidering curves). Using a minimum of funds, anyone (and most importantly children) could make fancy souvenirs for the holidays.
Thread paintings are original, beautiful and effective. They cause delight and surprise. At different times of the day and from different places, paintings are perceived and looked completely differently. This is one of the significant features, due to the peculiar nature of the absorption, reflection and scattering of light by shiny threads, the places where the threads intersect and the background on which they are made. This should be kept in mind when choosing a place where the picture will hang.
In the case when the work is done on a board, the threads when making paintings are replaced with thin, better silver wire. This gives newness to work and creativity. In a simplified version, this technique is performed as embroidery on cardboard and is called chord embroidery, or threadography. Such paintings are very impressive, causing delight and surprise. Creating panels made using this technique has become an increasingly popular activity in recent years. Having mastered the technique and having the desire, the design in the painting can be supplemented with bead embroidery or fabric appliqué. But it is still recommended to start with threads. This makes subsequent work easier.
The successor of the traditions of folk craftsmen of England is Doctor of Chemistry, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Chemistry of the Belarusian State University - GENNADY ALEKSEEVICH BRANITSKY
He calls paintings made using the thread design technique alive. Their distinctive feature is that they are not painted with an artist’s brush, but are made from decorative nails intertwined with bright colored silk threads.
When carefully examining such paintings at different times of the day under different lighting and from different distances, they are visually perceived differently due to the changing conditions of light reflection from nail heads and threads. And every time they attract attention in a new way with their unique color scheme.
Gennady Alekseevich has wonderful paintings “Solar Angel”, “Sail of Love”, “Belarusian Motif” and many others. We read about this interesting person in the magazine “Science and Life” No. 12 for 2004.
Basic techniques and tools
The technique of performing isothread is simple. To master it, it is enough to know two basic techniques:
Corner fill; - filling the circle.
and additionally filling the arc, oval, spiral.
To work, you must have the following tools: 1. pencil - sharpened, TM (colored pencils are useful for sketches); 2. ruler - even, smooth, at least 30-40 cm long, with clearly marked divisions (it is good to use a transparent ruler with bright black markings), markings should be in centimeters, not inches;
3 compass - needed to study the principle of filling a circle, it is better to immediately teach you to use a good tool, since the compass will be useful for work in the future;
4. templates (at the first stage they are made by the teacher) and stencils (ready-made images of various geometric shapes: polygons, circles, ovals, ellipses, etc.);
5. needles with a large eye (the needle number depends on the thickness of the cardboard and threads, as well as the distance between the points);
An awl (will leave large holes) or a pin with a head on the end for piercing points;
6. nails (furniture, decorative, ordinary)
7. hammer
8. a lining made of dense material so as not to spoil the surface of the table during piercing (you can pierce in weight, slightly lifting the cardboard and measuring the piercing force);
9. scissors;
10.protractor;
Isothread technique - corner filling
Let's talk about the corner filling technique:
1. Draw an angle.
2. Each side of the angle must be divided into equal segments. The number of segments on the sides of the angle must be equal.
3. We make punctures at all points except 27.
4. From the wrong side, the thread is inserted into point 1 and lowered to point 26
The angle can be any: straight, acute, obtuse (Fig. 1). Stitching of any corner is carried out from the edge to the top, on the other side - from the top of the corner to the edge (in the diagrams the direction of movement to the puncture sites is shown by arrows).
If the angle is unequal, then the number of puncture sites should still be the same on both sides of the angle.
Isothread technique – filling the circle
Filling a circle is also done according to the rule for filling an angle. You just need to remember that the execution of work has a mirror image. We fill the circle on the wrong side clockwise, on the front side it will be counterclockwise. You can experiment with the circle. Combining them in various ways creates what is called art.
Let's talk about the technique of filling a circle:
1. First, the circle must be divided into an even number of equal parts;
2. Then select any chord of the circle. For example, 9-24;
Filling various shapes
To better understand the technology of filling geometric shapes, let’s consider filling the “bow” and “ladder” shapes.
For products with a complex structure, you can use shapes formed by incomplete stitching of circles and ovals (for example, flower petals).
To compose compositions, only angles and circles are not enough, so you need to learn how to stitch other shapes that are most often found in works. Ovals, spirals, curls and arcs are filled according to the same rules as circles.
To enhance the decorative effect, a circle or closed contour can be sewn in several stages, each time choosing a chord (stitch) of different lengths. In the diagram, the stitching stages are indicated by Roman numerals.
In order to avoid a too rectilinear shape of the element or to get rid of the lines limiting the figure along the perimeter, the first stitch (from point 1 to point 2) is laid with a shift one point forward from the top of the corner.
Filling the arc
The length of the stitches used to stitch the arc should be less than half the arc. The shorter the stitch length, the thinner the arc image.
Filling the spiral
The work begins from the starting point of the curl, the stitch length is selected from 3 to 5 punctures. Filling the spiral is done by moving towards the end point all the time in one direction.
Incomplete filling of the oval (petal).
The work begins from the sharp end of the element, and the embroidery ends there. It is better to choose the distance between two points with identical lines tangent to the bottom of the petal.
When you need to fill a figure with a fan from one point (for example, petals, buds, flowers), use the technique “filling triangles.”
About color
Creating tonal isothread is perhaps the highest level in the art of thread design. The isothread pattern must be correctly composed, correspond to the purpose of the future product, the technique of its execution, and be combined with the background and environment. It is necessary that its details be correctly and beautifully placed, and that the selected thread colors convey the volume of the depicted objects.
The whole variety of colors and color shades in nature can be divided into two groups: warm (these include all tones of yellow, orange and red) and cold (these include all shades of blue, violet and green). A harmonious combination often involves balancing warm and cold tones.
Warm colors are perceived by the eye as approaching, that is, protruding forward, and cold colors are perceived as retreating back, that is, moving away. Using this property of colors, you can enhance the relief of isothread details, make the pattern clearer, and convey the volume of shapes. The background for thread graphics should be receding, and for isothread designs it is preferable to use protruding tones.
There are also such concepts as lightness and heaviness of color. Heavy colors are most often dark, rich, and warm; light – light, cold, perceived as airy.
The rules of composition require that the bottom of the picture be heavier than the top. Isothread must maintain the regularity of the relationship of color parts and the overall balance of color - color harmony. The overall balance of color is achieved by such a ratio of all colors and tones, which is subordinate to the general (average) tone. In multi-color patterns, colors such as red are combined well with yellow, gray, brown, beige and orange; - green - with yellow and dark yellow, lemon, cream, orange and brown; - purple – with lilac, pink, yellow, white; - brown – with all shades of yellow, green, red, orange, lilac and silver-white.
However, it should be remembered that the design pattern looks better not when absolutely the entire space is filled with threads, but when the background is visible between the stretched threads.
Experience shows that the color yellow in a painting against a dark background is perceived as cheerful and invigorating; white – hygienic, but classified as cold; red and orange – very lively, warm; green and blue, although they are considered cold, are very pleasant to perceive; brown – calm but boring.
A painting looks more impressive if it has a dominant color: warm or cold, light or dark, or a reasonable combination of them.
Red, yellow and orange are considered festive colors, apparently not by chance. It has long been noted that the color red increases a person’s activity and reaction speed: blood pressure and breathing rate increase. The effect of orange is somewhat softer. The perception of black color is the opposite: pulse, blood pressure and breathing slow down. Blue color reduces reaction speed, pulse, blood pressure, and breathing rate. Green has fewer similar negative indicators.
There is evidence that colors can influence a person's temperament. Under the influence of cold blue-green shades, a choleric person can become almost phlegmatic, and a phlegmatic person can be “warmed up” with warm red color.
Taking into account the above, there is reason to believe that the picture made can in some way influence the mood of those who show interest in it.
Isothread for beginners. Master class with step-by-step photos
Author: Puchkova Maria Vladimirovna,teacher of fine arts and art and art, MOU "Gymnasium No. 19" in Saransk, Republic of Mordovia
Master class: “Filling a corner using the Isothread technique”
Description: This master class is intended for children from 7 years old, art teachers, additional education teachers, educators, and parents. Course for beginners.
Target: developing skills in working in the “Isothread” technique, mastering the “Filling the Corner” technique.
Tasks: introduce the technique of embroidery on a solid base “Isothread”, develop spatial thinking and fine motor skills.
Materials: a sheet of cardboard, a simple sharpened pencil, a ruler, threads (you can use viscose threads for embroidery, floss, etc.), a needle and an awl.
Safety rules when working with a needle and scissors.
Needles
1. Store needles in a cushion or pincushion, entwined with thread.
2. Do not throw away a broken needle, but put it in a box specially designated for this.
3. Know the number of needles taken for work. At the end of the work, check for their presence.
4. During operation, stick needles into the pad, do not put them in your mouth, do not stick them into clothes, soft objects, walls, curtains. Do not leave the needle in the product.
5. Do not sew with a rusty needle. It stains and may break.
Scissors
1. Store scissors in a specific place - in a stand or work box.
2. Place the scissors with the blades closed away from the person working; when passing, hold them by the closed blades.
3. Use well-adjusted and sharpened scissors.
4. Do not leave scissors with blades open.
5. Monitor the movement and position of the blades during operation.
6. Use scissors only for their intended purpose.
Isothread(other names - thread graphics, thread graphics, thread design) - a type of decorative and applied art, graphic technique, producing an image using threads on any solid base (most often on cardboard), supposedly appeared in the 17th century in England. Using the isothread technique, you can create magnificent large decorative panels, still lifes, landscapes and even portraits, covers, ornaments, postcards, bookmarks and much more. Mastering this technique is quite simple if you carefully and consistently follow all the tips.
To perform work using this technique, you must acquire the skills of filling a corner with thread.
First rule– we make a drawing of the future work on the wrong side of a sheet of cardboard.
Draw an angle with a pencil with sides 5 centimeters long.
We make marks at a distance of 5 mm on the sides of the corner, and then outline each with a bright dot.
Second rule– the segments on the sides must be of equal length and the number of points on each side must be the same. To complete the first exercise, let's number the points (the main purpose of numbering is to describe the sequence of steps to fill a corner with thread).
Note: points No. 1 on one side and No. 1 on the other, relatively speaking, “do not occur near the zero mark.
And we get the following view - this is the main preparation of our future picture.
Third rule– the starting point in the very corner is never used in the work.
We use an awl to make a hole at each point so that it is easy to work with a needle and thread in the future.
Note: if you do not have the opportunity to use an awl, work with a larger needle than the one you will use to embroider later.
Next, we thread the colored thread into the needle, tie a knot at the end of the thread and, from the wrong side, insert the needle into point No. 1.
Pull the thread to the front side.
Note: I do not pull the thread to the knot; in order not to use additional fixation of the thread with glue or tape later, I fix the thread differently (see photo below).
Now on the front side we insert the needle into the point with No. 1 on the other side of the corner; on the diagram it is written as “1-1”.
Having stretched the thread, insert the needle next to it, at the point with No. 2.
Note: I explain to the guys this way: “On which side of the corner the needle and thread are located, on that side we make a short stitch from the wrong side, and a long stitch on the front side.”
I pass the needle through the loop, pull the thread through and make the next stitch.
The work then looks like this:
Front side
Wrong side
In the schematic record, the work looks like this:
connect points 1 – 1 (front side),
short stitch 1 – 2 (reverse side),
long stitch 2-2 (right side,
short stitch 2-3 (reverse side),
long stitch 3-3, etc.
Front side
Wrong side
Note: for the guys in the following, I note that the needle with thread on one side seems to go down, and on the other it goes up.
The “corner filling” technique is almost complete.
Fasten the thread and trim the ends.
Having mastered this technique, the guys perform the exercise a little more difficult.
Based on this technique, you can create a simple frame or composition in a square.
Isothread is another interesting needlework technique. Children can also do it. At first glance, it seems that the thread design technique is complex and mastering it requires incredible effort. In reality, everything is much simpler.
String graphics(other options for the name of this technique: isothread, thread image, thread design) - graphic technique, producing an image with threads on cardboard or other solid base. Thread graphics are also sometimes called isographics or embroidery on cardboard. Velvet (or velvet paper) or thick paper is sometimes used as a base. The threads can be ordinary sewing, wool, floss or others. You can also use colored silk threads.
Modern consumables make it possible to obtain very impressive products. Along with the original technique of thread graphics, there is another direction of thread design - embroidery on cardboard (isothread) using the same techniques (technique of filling corners and circles).
The term thread design (thread graphics, or isothread) is used in Russia, in English-speaking countries the phrase “embroidery on paper” is used - embroidery on paper or Form-A-Lines - forms from lines, the same thing, but in French - broderie sur papier. In German-speaking countries the term is “pickpoints”.
Thread graphics as an art form first appeared in England. English weavers came up with a special way of weaving threads. They drove nails into the boards and pulled threads onto them in a certain sequence. The result was openwork lace products that were used to decorate the home. Currently, the art of thread graphics is widely used for decorating products and household items, for interior decoration, and for making gifts and souvenirs.
In America, thread design is introduced to students in some schools. A number of original works can be seen in museums. Paintings can be bought in stores, both in finished form and in the form of do-it-yourself kits. In Switzerland, for example, you can buy elegant postcards (made on thick paper with silk threads) at charity sales at monasteries.
To work with isothread we will need:
- thick cardboard or velvet paper;
- scissors;
- needle;
- silk threads of different colors;
- PVA glue;
- ruler, compass, eraser, colored and simple pencils;
- carbon paper, tracing paper;
- fabric, adhesive fabric;
- frame.
The technique of performing isothread is simple and accessible to people of any age. To master it, it is enough to know two basic techniques: - filling the corner; - filling the circle.
Books.
Isothread is a technique for creating paintings from threads. It is also called embroidery on cardboard. However, these products are different from regular embroidery. The special interweaving of threads gives the effect of three-dimensionality of the image. At the same time, the technique is simple and can be easily mastered by both adults and children. The tools and materials needed for the job are quite accessible: the main ones are ordinary spool threads and cardboard. All this makes isonite a very convenient form of creativity, allowing you to create unusually beautiful products with minimal investment of time and money.
Isothread, or thread graphics, is a type of decorative and applied art that originated in England back in the 17th century. This technique is attractive primarily because it does not require special equipment or expensive consumables, and even a small child can make a beautiful postcard, panel or any other souvenir almost the first time, without training. More experienced craftsmen can find other uses for the models described in detail on the pages of our book - with their help you can decorate a handbag, a hat, the tops of boots, making them unique and inimitable, and also use them as an option for artistic darning when repairing leather clothes. String graphics open up wide scope for the flight of your imagination, and our publication will definitely help you master and fall in love with this technique.
Isothread technique
Corner Filling
draw any angle on the wrong side of the cardboard
divide each side of the angle into 12 equal parts
number the resulting points starting from the vertex. The vertex of the angle is marked with the point “O”.
make punctures with a needle or awl at all points except the top (“O”)
thread the needle
fill the corner according to the proposed scheme
See the pictures in the photo gallery at the bottom of the page for more details.
Filling a circle
draw a circle with a radius of 50 mm
divide the circle into 12 equal parts
make punctures at all points obtained
thread the needle and fill the circle according to the diagram
Background for isothread
The board used in the original thread design technique is replaced with cardboard - colored or white. You can embroider on leather. It is more difficult to embroider on velvet paper. Since paper, unlike fabric, does not have plasticity and can tear if the thread is strongly pulled or tugged, it is necessary to control your efforts when embroidering and ensure that the thickness of the needle, thread, the distance between the nearest punctures and the properties of the paper match.
The background color is selected depending on the design of the painting. Punctures on the cardboard must be made very carefully so as not to spoil the appearance, and it is better from the front side through a template. If the design is calculated on the wrong side, then from the inside you can mark (lightly prick) points, and the main puncture can be done from the face.
Threads
They are the main element of the picture. For embroidery, you can use any, not very thick threads, except woolen ones. It is better to embroider with twisted threads than with several fraying threads. Threads with shine look better than simple matte ones. Silk threads are good for making cards made of thick paper with small patterns.
Pictures made from simple cotton white and colored threads used for sewing are completely unattractive, since they have faded tones, but they can be used in training exercises or when developing your own design (draft version).
Floss has a rich color palette, but domestic floss falls apart, and imported twisted floss is expensive.
The most optimal is to use iris. Threads are shiny, twisted, of the required thickness, a rich range of colors, also available with color transitions. They are not cheap, so it is recommended to use them in a finished product. The color of the thread plays an important role in the composition of the pattern. To make it easier to select threads of the desired color, you can make a blank. On a small cardboard, glue narrow (3-4 cm) strips of cardboard of different colors close to each other, which can be used for the background. Then, across all the stripes on the front side of the stencil, stretch all the types of colored threads you have (like strings on a guitar) and secure them on the back. The distance between the rows of threads is about 1 cm. Now you can always determine which background color will better emphasize the individual elements of the pattern.
Color
A harmonious combination often involves balancing warm and cold tones. Warm colors are perceived by the eye as approaching, that is, protruding forward, and cold colors are perceived as retreating back, that is, moving away. It follows from this that it is preferable to use cold tones for the background, and warm tones for the pattern of the painting.
Active and passive colors.
All warm colors are active colors and enhance the vital functions of the body: they excite and lift the mood, increase performance. Cool colors are passive colors that slow down the body’s vital functions; passive colors calm and even depress the human psyche.
The least tiring effect is on colors in the middle of the spectrum (yellow-green and green) and light achromatic (colorless). Being intermediate in the spectrum between active and passive colors, they are relatively neutral in their psychophysiological effect on humans, and therefore they are classified as physiologically optimal colors.
Heavy and light colors.
All dark colors are considered heavy and have a depressing effect on the human psyche. Objects painted black appear heavier than the same objects in light colors. Light colors are colors that have a high reflectance and low saturation. Light light colors improve mood and have a beneficial effect on a person.
The phenomenon of irradiation.
Contrasting combinations of individual parts with the background change the visual perception of their size. A dark square on a light background will look smaller in size than the same light square on a dark background.
Harmonious color combinations.
Practice (crafts have been around for hundreds and thousands of years) has established a number of rules for composing color harmonies, the main ones being nuanced and contrasting. Often used are scales based on the following combinations, differing in the lightness of shades of one color tone: - three colors, one of which combines the other two and is a mixture of them; - two or three colors located in the spectrum and similar in their warmth and coldness to the primary and additional colors (contrasting range); - three colors located at equal distances in the color wheel; - warm tones with black or cool tones with white. Multicolor patterns combine the following colors well: red with yellow, gray, brown, beige and orange; green with yellow and dark yellow, lemon, salad, cream, orange and brown; purple with lilac, pink, yellow, white; brown with all shades of yellow, green, red, orange, lilac and silver-white.
Note that you don't need to strive for a large variety of colors in one painting. The design pattern looks better not when absolutely the entire space is filled with threads, but when the background is visible between the stretched threads. For example, the yellow color in a painting against a dark background is perceived as cheerful and invigorating, white is hygienic, but is considered cold; red and orange are very lively and warm; green and blue, although considered cold, are very pleasant to perceive; brown is calm but boring.
The picture looks more impressive if it contains dominant color warm or cold, light or dark, or a reasonable combination of them.
Red, yellow and orange are considered festive colors, apparently for a reason. It has long been noted that the color red increases muscular activity and the speed of a person’s reaction: pressure and breathing rate increase. The effect of orange is somewhat softer. The perception of black color is completely opposite: pulse, blood pressure and breathing slow down. A person calms down when he perceives the color orange. Blue color reduces reaction speed, heart rate, breathing rate and muscle strength. Green has fewer similar negative indicators. There is evidence that colors can influence a person's temperament. Under the influence of cold blue-green shades, a choleric person can become almost phlegmatic, and a phlegmatic person can be “warmed up” with warm red color.
Isothread is filament graphics. It is also known as cardboard embroidery. But you can’t always use cardboard as a base; velvet paper or just thick paper is also perfect. Isothread is also called isographs or embroidery on cardboard. At first glance, creativity seems complicated, but in reality it is very, very simple. Our article about a master class in isothread technique is useful for beginning needlewomen and will teach you how to perform isothread patterns for children.
The threads used can be any: sewing, floss, colored silk. Which ones are on hand and which ones you want. This technique was first invented by English weavers. They formed patterns by driving nails into a wooden plank. At first these were simple abstractions, which later developed into real works of art. Nowadays, the technology is simple and understandable for children and adults. Often in children's institutions, the isothread technique is taught to improve fine motor skills, develop attention and spatial imagination.
We study the technique of making isothread with your own hands for beginners
For beginners, as a rule, numbers are applied to the diagrams. Arabic numbers indicate the sequence of piercing actions, i.e. from 1 to 2, from 2 to 3, etc. Pictures of already completed work with numbers are provided below. Roman numerals indicate that you should sew the shapes with several stitches of different lengths. The length is indicated by lines, and a Roman numeral is placed next to the line, indicating the sequence of stitches. The directions of the arrows will show which direction you will need to move while performing the element. A thin line on the inside of the element will indicate the length of the stitch.
Children really like this technique. Once you make one figure, you will understand how to make everything.
Technique for filling a circle with isothread
Schemes with numbers for beginners, as well as pictures of already completed work are provided in our master class. So let's begin. We take a base, it can be cardboard, and draw a circle with a compass. There is no compass, you can take what you have at hand, for example, circle the lid of something.
We number the parts, like a clock, from 1 to 12, pierce holes on the reverse side under each number, and begin to embroider according to the principle 1-4, 5-2, 3-6, 7-4, i.e. embroider clockwise. Get to the embroidered fragment and continue filling the circle. You get triangles. For example, 1-5-9, 2-6-10, etc.
You end up with intersecting triangles. And if the circle is divided not into 12, but into 8 parts, then you can embroider each corner separately and you will get a star or a cobweb. This will turn out to be a complex technique.
Angle technique
We draw an angle on cardboard, numbering the sides of the angle without taking into account the vertex. If the first side of the corner from top to bottom went from 1 to 20, then the second side will go in a mirror image, from 20 to 1. Next, we pierce holes on the back side of the cardboard at the points that we numbered and begin to sew according to the same principle as and circle. 1-2, from 2-3, etc.
Making a fox: a master class for joint handicrafts with children
Due to its simplicity and theme, this scheme is perfect for children. If a primary school child wants to do embroidery, it is better for an adult to prepare the embroidery pattern.
To complete this we will need:
- Thick green cardboard base
- Colored paper
- Scissors
- Light and orange threads
- Needle – a pin with a colored eye or an awl. It’s convenient for them to make holes on cardboard.
Let's get started. Using a needle, make holes on the cardboard on the reverse side of the embroidery, in a mirror image in relation to the design.
Sew the body of the chanterelle with orange threads using the “circle” technique; sew the legs in the same way using colored threads. The tips can be made with light threads, the remaining space can be made orange, like the body. Embroider the ears and muzzle using the “corner” technique, using color transitions. To complete the picture, cut out the eyes and nose from colored paper and glue.
Making dandelions: disassembling the technique with diagrams and descriptions
We draw dandelions from the picture onto paper, dividing the leaves and flowers at once.
Transfer the design to the back of the black velvet paper background.
We will embroider each part of the ball using the “circle” technique; for this we will need white threads. We divide the circle into parts from the wrong side, each part will be approximately 0.5 cm, make holes with a pin, and start embroidering.
This is one finished ball.
We embroidered the balls.
If you wish, you can stitch the edges of the dandelion, but then it will not be airy.
Next, we embroider the leaves using the already learned “angle” technique. To do this, we draw each piece of leaf (the space between the veins) from the wrong side into corners and divide it into segments, each 0.5 cm. Then we pierce and stitch again.
All that remains for us is to make the veins and stems. They need to be embroidered with a darker thread. We divide the stems into segments of 1 cm each, number them in order, then embroider according to the principle: we exit at 1, enter at 3, 2-4, etc. The stems have been embroidered and the dandelions are ready.
The isothread technique is a very easy to master needlework that is quite understandable for beginners of all ages. Perfectly develops fine motor skills in children of senior preschool age, forms creative thinking, aesthetic skills and good taste.
This type of art does not require special expenses. It is enough to stock up on a simple creativity kit that will allow you to embroider both a small postcard and a large painting with isothread. Now I would like to consider how to choose the right materials for work, so that the process of embroidery using the isothread technique brings only pleasure.
The most important requirement for the base in isothread embroidery is the ability to hold the required shape. Consequently, the base of the work should be sufficiently solid, but at the same time make it possible to make punctures in it without unnecessary difficulty. Use any material: multi-colored cardboard, suede, velor or cloth, “velvet paper”. For beginners, the best choice for working with isothread is cardboard. It will help to avoid tears under the tension of the threads that can appear on velvet paper or tightening of the pattern on the skin. Embroidery work requires the thickest cardboard.
Watercolor paper can also be used as a basis, but for more experienced artists. Wool embroidery in this case will be the best option, although it is far from the best option in combination with other bases.
Threads, advantages and disadvantages
It is generally accepted that floss and iris threads are best suited for working in the iso-thread technique. Materials of this quality have a pleasant shine and shimmer, which looks very advantageous in contrast with the base. It is believed that wool embroidery is suitable for the initial stage of learning isothread. Learning to work with this material is easy and enjoyable, but the end result usually looks very fuzzy. This occurs due to the repeated pulling of the wool thread through narrow holes, which causes it to fray. It is also not a suitable option to work using the isothread technique with chenille or any textured threads, such as mohair or bouclé threads. Gimp embroidery is also a rare occurrence. If there is a need for this particular material, we advise you to choose soft and thin gimp threads.
Also for work you need to stock up on: scissors (embroidery with embroidery will require additional scissors, due to the special approach to this type of thread), a pair of embroidery needles, an awl, tweezers, a pencil, an eraser, as well as a ruler and compass. To pre-treat the tip of the thread, stock up on glue. After processing with PVA, you can achieve its smoothness and elasticity. You will also need diagrams with numbers. What kind of isothread embroidery can do without them?
Sequence of work
- Embroidery begins with the preparation of a sketch or rough drawing;
- Taking into account the features of the isothread technique, make a full-size drawing;
- Next is the choice of base. In case of lack of rigidity, you can duplicate it;
- We attach the drawing to the back of the embroidery with isothread, if it is not made directly on the base;
- We mark the main elements of the composition;
- We make holes in the right places;
- The stage of filling all embroidery elements with isothread. The ends of the threads are attached with glue and paper or tape;
- We make the reverse side invisible. To do this, we cover the back side with cardboard or duplicate the base;
- The final touches of isothread embroidery. The embroidery is framed.
Filling out simple shapes correctly
The first thing that novice needlewomen should know is that all compositions of the isothread technique consist of simple elements: circle, angle, triangle, square and rhombus. In this lesson we will look at the technology of filling each of them.
Embroidering corners
Note: Change the colors of isothread not only after you finish embroidering different figures with isothread, but also at any stages of completing the same element. It can turn out to be a very successful play of color.
Tip: When marking adjacent corners of isothread embroidery, never forget to divide their edges into an equal number of points. Even if their lengths are different, remember that the number of dots must match.
Filling a circle
Non-standard ways to fill a circle
- In order to fill a circle along the diameter using the isothread technique, as in the photo, there are two ways: connect all diametrically opposite points of the circle or connect each of the points to the center;
- The method of uneven filling is not for beginner needlewomen, but after understanding the essence and studying the photo, you can easily learn this. It is possible to fill one side more densely and the other less frequently by changing the distances between points on the circle. The main thing is to maintain symmetry. Wool embroidery will be an excellent training panel in this case. You may have to train more than once. In this way you can get rid of stale yarn remnants;
- Semicircle and spiral involve embroidering part of a circle. In this case, embroidery begins from the 1H break. Fill the middle of such a figure more densely, and the edges less frequently. Fill the spiral-shaped isothread element according to the same principle;
- You can fill it with mesh by stretching the thread strictly horizontally and vertically, connecting opposite points. The result of this isothread technique will be a mesh with square cells;
- Draw an oval instead of a circle. The principle of embroidery using the isothread technique is exactly the same, and the visual effect will serve as the basis for the formation of different compositional variations.
Triangles
- Embroidery begins with the construction of an isosceles triangle. Take the length of the side 5 cm. On its top, draw the number 1 and the letter H. Mark the sides. Like an angle, the number of points on each side must be equal. There are 11 of them in the photo;
- Isothread from the 1H mark is brought out to No. 16, with the lead out to the other side. Indicate the direction of isothread embroidery. You should always move in one direction;
- From the inside, connect No. 16 and No. 17, bringing it to the face;
- On the front side, bring the thread to mark No. 2. From the wrong side, the thread is brought back to the face in No. 3. In this way, embroidery continues until the figure is completely filled.
Squares and diamonds
There are a large variety of different figures that are much more difficult to embroider using the isothread technique. In the photo below you can see options for filling the most common geometric shapes and complex shapes. You will also find patterns for children and instructions on how to properly embroider them using the isothread technique.
