Closing venous duct. Nutrition and breath of a newborn. Blood circulation of the fruit venous fetal duct

Screening 1 (first) trimester. Screening time. Screening results. Uzi screening.

Your baby overcame all the difficulties and dangers associated with the embryonic period. It was safely reached on phallopy tubes to the uterus, the trophoblast invasion was occurred in the endometrium, the formation of chorion. The embryos of Ros and incredibly changed from each week, the rigids of all the most important organs and systems were formed, the formation of the body, head, limbs.
Finally, Doros up to 10 weeks, acquiring all the necessary features like a child's configuration, which made it possible to call it from this moment the fruit.
The time of screening 1 (first) trimester has come.
Today we will talk about the timing of the screening of the first trimester, obtained the results of ultrasound screening.

The topic of this extensive and one article here is certainly not separated. We have to disassemble many anomalies and malformations of development that can already be suspected or even diagnosed on this period. But start first.

What is screening?

Screening- This is a combination of the necessary measures and medical research, tests and other procedures aimed at preliminary identification of persons, among which the probability of the presence of a certain disease is higher than that of the rest of the surveyed population. Screening is only the initial, preliminary stage of the population survey, and persons with positive screening results need a subsequent diagnostic examination to establish or eliminate the fact of the presence of a pathological process. The impossibility of the implementation of diagnostic tests to establish or eliminate the fact of the presence of a pathological process with a positive result of screening, makes it meaningless to conduct the screening itself. For example, the conduct of biochemical screening of chromosomal diseases of the fetus is not justified if the subsequent prenatal karyotyping is impossible in this region.

Conducting any screening program must be accompanied by clear planning and assessment of the quality of screening, as any screening test, conducted in the general population, can bring more harm than the benefits for the persons surveyed. The concept of "screening" has fundamental ethical differences from the concept of "diagnostics", since screening tests are carried out among potentially healthy people, so it is very important that they have realistic ideas about the information that this screening program provides. For example, when carrying out ultrasound screening of the chromosomal pathology of the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy, women should not have the idea that the identification of the thickness of the collar space (TVP) in the fetus necessarily indicates the presence of a Dauna disease and requires interruption of pregnancy. Any screening has certain limitations, in particular, the negative result of the screening test is not a guarantee of the absence of the disease, in the same way as the positive result of the test does not indicate its availability.

When and why was the screening I trimester?

Each woman has a certain risk that her child can have chromosomal pathology. It is for each, and no matter what way of life, it leads and social status takes.
When conducting systematic (low-minded) screening, a certain screening test is offered to all persons of a particular population. An example of such screening is ultrasonic screening of chromosomal fetal anomalies in the first trimester of pregnancy, which is offered to everyone without exception to pregnant women on the period 11-13 (+6) weeks.

So, screening of the first trimester - This is a combination of medical studies conducted on a period of 11-13 (+6) weeks, and aimed at preliminary identifying pregnant women, among which the likelihood of the birth of a child with chromosomal anomalies (ha) is higher than that of the other pregnant women.

The main place among the detected ha occupies Down syndrome (trisomy of 21 pairs of chromosomes).
English doctor John Langdon Down first in 1862 described and described the syndrome, subsequently named after him as the form of a mental disorder.
Down syndrome is not a rare pathology - on average one case is observed at 700 genera. Until the middle of the 20th century, the causes of Down syndrome remained unknown, but the relationship between the probability of birth of a child with Down syndrome and the mother's age was also known that the syndrome was exposed to all races. In 1959, Zherom Lezhen found that Down Syndrome arises due to the trisomy of the 21st pair of chromosomes, i.e. The karyotype is represented by 47 chromosomes instead of normal 46s, since the chromosomes of the 21st pair, instead of the normal two, are represented by three copies.

In 1970, the first method of screening trisomy 21 in a fetus, based on increasing the likelihood of this pathology, with an increase in the age of a pregnant woman was proposed.
When screening, based on the age of mothers, only 5% of women will fall into the group " high risk"And this group will include only 30% of fruits with trisomy 21 from the entire population.
In the late 1980s, screening methods that take into account not only age, but also the results of studying the concentration of such biochemical products of fruit and placental origin in the blood of a pregnant woman, like alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), non-contoyted estriotropin (UE3), chorionic gonadotropin (hgch ) And Inhibibin A. This screening method is more efficient than screening only by age of a pregnant woman, and at the same frequency of invasive interventions (about 5%) makes it possible to identify 50-70% of fruits having trisomy 21.
In the 1990s, a screening method was proposed, based on the age of the mother and the magnitude of the TVP (thickness of the collar space) of the fetus in 11-13 (+6) weeks of pregnancy. This screening method allows to identify up to 75% of fruits with chromosomal pathology at a frequency of false-positive results in 5%. In the subsequent screening method, based on the age of the mother and the magnitude of the fetus, 11-13 (+6) weeks of pregnancy, was supplemented by determining the concentrations of biochemical markers (free fraction β-hCG and RARR-A) in the serum of the mother in the first trimester of pregnancy, What made it possible to identify 85-90% of fruits having trisomy 21.
In 2001, it was found that with an ultrasound study of 11-13 weeks in 60-70% of fruits in the presence of trisomy 21 and in 2% of fruits, with a normal karyotype, nasal bones are not visualized. The inclusion of this marker into the screening method based on ultrasound examination and the definition of biochemical markers in the first trimester of pregnancy allows to increase the frequency of detection of trisomy 21 up to 95%.

What ultrasound - markers, increasing the risk of ha, we evaluate?

First of all, it is an expansion of the thickness of the collar space (TVP), the lack of visualization of the nasal bones, the reverse blood flow in venous protocol and trickspeed regurgitation.

Collar space - It is an ultrasound manifestation of a cluster of fluid under the skin in the back of the fetal neck in the first trimester of pregnancy.

• The term "space" is used regardless of whether it has a partition space or not whether this space is localized in the neck area or applies to the entire fetus body.
• The frequency of occurrence of chromosomal diseases and malformations of the fetus depends on the value of the TVP, and not from its ultrasound characteristics.
• In the second trimester of pregnancy, the collar space usually disappears or, in rare cases, is transformed or in the neck swelling, or in a cystic hygroma in combination with generalized swelling of the fetus or without any.

The thickness of the fetal collar can be measured during a transabdominal ultrasonic study in 95% of cases, in other cases it is necessary to perform a transvaginal study. At the same time, the results obtained during transabdominal or transvaginal research do not differ.
1 measurements are made in 11-13 (+6) weeks of pregnancy at the magnitude of the coccicco-dark fetal size from 45 mm to 84 mm. it important momentbecause Not rare on the period of exactly 11 weeks or 11 weeks and 1-2 days the fruit is a couple of millimeters less than 45 mm. This is the option of the norm, but the study in this case will have to be transferred for a week.
2 Measurement should be carried out strictly in the sagittal section of the fetus, with the head of the fetus should occupy a neutral position.
3 The image should be increased so that only the head and the top of the fruit chest and the top of the fetus remain on the screen.
4 The size of the image must be increased in such a way that the minimum cursor displacement gave a resizing by 0.1 mm.
5 The thickness of the collar space should be measured in a wide place. It is necessary to differentiate the fetus skin echostructures and an amniotic shell.
6 cursors must be established on the inner boundaries of echo-empty lines, separating the collar space, not going on it.
7 In the study, it is necessary to measure the TVP several times and select the maximum of the measurements obtained.
In 5-10% of cases, there is a campus of cords around the neck, it can lead to a false increase in TVP. In such cases, the measurement of the TVP should be carried out on both sides of the umbilical source, and to assess the risk of chromosomal pathology of the fetus, the average value of these two dimensions is used.

Visualization of the nasal bones of the fetus

• Must be carried out at a pregnancy term 11-13 (+6) weeks and at the CTR of the fetal of 45-84 mm.
• It is necessary to increase the image of the fetus so that only the head and the top of the fetal body are presented on the screen.
• A strictly sagittal fetal section should be obtained, and the seed plane must be parallel to the plane of the nasal bone.
• When visualizing the nasal bone should be present three separate lines. The top line is the skin of the nose of the fetus, the lower, more echogenic and thick, is nasal bone. The third line is a continuation of the first, but is slightly higher it and is the tip of the fetus nose.
• In 11-13 (+6) weeks, the fetal profile can be obtained and estimated by more than 95% of the fruit.
• With a normal karyotype, the lack of visualization of nose bones is characteristic of 1% of fruits in women of the European population and for 10% of fruits in women of Afro-Caribbean population.
• Nose bones are not visualized in 60-70% of fruits in trisomy 21, in 50% of fruits in trisomy 18 and in 30% of fruits with trisomy 13.
• At the frequency of false-positive results, 5%, combined screening, including the measurement of the TVP, the visualization of the fetal nose bones and the measurement of the concentration of Rarr-A and β-hgch in the serum of the mother's serum, potentially can identify more than 95% of fruits at trisomy 21.

This fruit is one of the dichorial twins. TVP and blood flow in the venous duct is normal, but there is no visualization of nasal bones. The result of karyotyping - Down syndrome, the karyotype of the 2nd fetus of twins is normal.

Venous ducting dopplerometry and tricuspid regurgitation

In chromosomal anomalies, malformations of various organs and systems are often forming, including congenital defects for the development of the cardiovascular system.

The venous duct is a unique shunt, delivering oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein, which is guided mainly through the oval window into the left atrium, to coronary and brain arteries. The blood flow in the venous duct has a characteristic shape at high speed in the ventricular systole phase (S-wave) and diastoles (D-wave) and orthograde blood flow to the phase of the atrial reduction (A-wave).
In 11-13 (+6) pregnancy weeks, the blood flow disorder in the venous duct is combined with the presence of chromosomal pathology or heart defects and is a sign of a possible adverse outcome of pregnancy. On this period of pregnancy, the pathological form of blood flow velocities is observed in 80% of fruits in trisomy 21 and 5% of the fruits that have normal karyotype.
The tricuspidal regulation is a wave of reverse blood flow through the valve between the right ventricle and the atrium of the heart. In 95% of cases, tricuspid regurgitation, as well as the reverse blood flow in the venous duct, disappears over the next few weeks, as a rule, by 16 weeks; However, in 5% of cases may indicate the presence of a congenital heart defect. In this connection, it is recommended to undergo expanded echocardiography of the fetus in 18-20 weeks.

It is extremely important and it is necessary that the specialists engaged in the risk of chromosomal fruit pathology on the basis of the assessment of its profile have passed appropriate training and certification confirming the level of quality of this type of ultrasound research.

Of course, the screening I trimester is not limited to the definition of ultrasound markers, increasing the risk of a child with such chromosomal anomalies, such as Down syndromes, Edwards, Patau, Turner and Triploidy. Such anomalies of development can also be diagnosed, such as ex bencephaliya and akrany, the vices of limb development and Sireselia, Ommophalcela and Gastrossisis, Megazistis and S-M Prune Belly, anomaly of the body of the body, suspect the dandy Walker and Spina Bifida when changing Sizes IV ventricle, anorectal atresia when detected Pelvic Translucency (pelvic translucency). And this is still not all. I will try to continue to tell about the listed anomalies and defects.

In conclusion, a few words about the procedure of screening I trimester in our center

All specialists of our Center are working on the recommendations of the international organization The Fetal Medicine Foundation (https://www.fetalmedicine.org/) and have certificates of this organization. Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF), whose supervisor is Professor Kipos Nikyondes, is engaged in research in the field of medicine of the fetus, the diagnosis of anomalies of its development, diagnosis and treatment of various pregnancy complications. Certified specialists and centers are obtained by the developed FMF software for calculating the risk of chromosomal fruit pathology according to ultrasound and biochemical screening. To obtain a certificate for conducting an ultrasound study in 11-13 (+6) weeks, it is necessary to undergo theoretical training on a course supported by FMF; pass practical training in an accredited FMF center; Provide in FMF ultrasonic photos showing the measurement of the fetal TVP, the visualization of the nose bones, the blood flow dopplerometry in the venous dopatory and the tricuspid valve according to the criteria developed by FMF.

After filling out and signing numerous documents and consent on the registry, you will be invited to Uz Cabinet, where I or my colleagues will evaluate the development of the fetus, all the necessary Uz-Markers HA, as well as other possible changes from Chorion, the walls of the uterus and ovaries.
After the study, you will be given a conclusion in two copies and photos of your baby (or babies). One copy of the conclusion you leave, and the second will need to be given in the procedural office, where you will take blood from the vein for the biochemical part of screening. Based on the data of ultrasound and biochemistry, special software will calculate the individual risk of chromosomal pathology of the fetus and after 1-2 days you will receive the result where individual risks will be indicated by the main ha. With your desire, the result can be obtained by email.
In case of obtaining results with low risk of basic Ham, you will be recommended to re-conduct an ultrasound in 19-21 week of pregnancy. If the risk is high, then remember that this is the result of a screening research, and not a diagnosis. To form an accurate diagnosis, consultation of genetics and conducting such diagnostic methods as chorion abion or amniocentesis for prenatal karyotyping is required.
In 2012, another high-precision method of prenatal DNA diagnostics appeared, the uniqueness of which it lies in the fact that it does not require invasive procedures (except for invasion taking blood from the vein pregnant) - Non-invasive prenatal test.

I bring to your attention the table outcomes of pregnancy with an increase in TVP:

As you can see, even with very large TVP, approximately 15% of children can be born healthy, but much more likely that the fetus will have a ha or major developmental abnormalities.

Preparation for research

Biochemical screening is carried out on an empty stomach (4-6 hours of hunger). More often, ultrasound and biochemistry are held on one day, in my opinion, it is very convenient, but if you suddenly got it, you can only pass the ultrasound, and give blood on another day, the main thing is not later than the complete 13 weeks of pregnancy. For ultrasound, special preparation is not necessary, but overflowing bladder Can deliver discomfort to you and researcher.
In most cases, the ultrasound is carried out transabdomomomomotionally (it is not necessary to undress), but sometimes you have to switch to transvagal research. It is not rare, at the beginning of the study, the position of the fetus does not allow the necessary measurements. In this case, it is necessary to swash, roll over from the side on the side, sometimes even postpone the study for 15-30 minutes. Please assume with understanding.

That's all, see you after 2 weeks!

(Ductus Venosus, PNA, JNA)
see ductus venosus.

Watch value Venous dashing in other dictionaries

Venous - Venous, venous (Anat.). Arr. To Vienna. Deoxygenated blood.
Explanatory Dictionary Ushakov

Duct - See. Shot and swing.
Explanatory dictionary of Daly

Venous arr. - 1. Related by meaning. With S.: Vienna associated with it. 2. Property Vienna characteristic of it.
Explanatory dictionary Efremova

Dam M. - 1. River sleeve, stream connecting two reservoirs. 2. Narrow connecting cavity, channel (in the body).
Explanatory dictionary Efremova

Venous - See vein.
Explanatory dictionary of Kuznetsov

Duct - -but; m.
1. river sleeve; Creek, river connecting two reservoirs. Lakes are connected by a deep duct. In the lower flow of the river is divided into many ducts.
2. Anat. Narrow ........
Explanatory dictionary of Kuznetsov

Allantoid dashing - (DU TUS ALLANTOICUS, LNE) Valled by the epithelium channel connecting the cavity of the rear with the cavity of Allantois; The germ of man A. p. reduced.
Great Medical Dictionary

Anastomosis venous - (a. Venosa) A., connecting two venous vessels.
Great Medical Dictionary

Aranciyev Dol. - (G. S. Aranzi, 1530-1589, Ial. Anatas and Surgeon) See the list of Anat. Terms.
Great Medical Dictionary

Arterial dashing - (DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS, PNA; DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (BOTALLI), BNA; Sin. Botalles Proto) Blood vessel connecting the pulmonary fetal barrel with aorta; It is formed from the left sixth (aortal) gill ........
Great Medical Dictionary

Bartolins Dol. - (S. Bartholin, 1655-1738, Danish Anatom), see Podium Doc Big.
Great Medical Dictionary

Botals Dol. - (Ductus ARTERIOSUS (Botalli), BNA; L. Botallo, 1530-1600, ITAL. Surgeon and Anato) See arterial duct.
Great Medical Dictionary

Vartonov Doc. - (DUCTUS WHARTONIANUS; TH. WHARTON, 1614-1673, English. Anatom) See the subband duct.
Great Medical Dictionary

Venous refund - Circulation indicator: The volumetric speed of blood flow in the right of atrium; Normally strictly corresponds to a minute of the heart.
Great Medical Dictionary

Venous refund cardiotomic - sharply increased venous return, observed after some of the heart operations (pericardectomy, mitral commourity, etc.).
Great Medical Dictionary

Venous return coronary - Coronary Circulation Indicator: The volumetric speed of blood flow in the Crown sine; Normally equal to 50-80% of the bulk speed of blood flow in the coronary arteries.
Great Medical Dictionary

Venous stagnation - (Stasis Venosa) see hyperemia venous.
Great Medical Dictionary

Venous dashing - (Ductus Venosus, PNA, JNA) See the list of Anat. Terms.
Great Medical Dictionary

Venous sinus sclera - (Sinus Venosus SClerae, PNA, BNA, JNA; Sin.: Venous sickness Sklera, laouts Channel, grooming channel, canal helmets) circular venous vessel, located in the thickness of the sclera on the border with ........
Great Medical Dictionary

Venous corner - (ANGULUS VENOSUS; SIN. PIRIOVA venous angle) Place the confluence of the subclavian and inner jugular veins forming a shoulder vein.
Great Medical Dictionary

Virzungs Dol. - (Ductus Wirsungianus; J. G. Wirsung, 1600-1643, it. Anatom) See pancreatic duct.
Great Medical Dictionary

Wolf Doc. - (Ductus Wolffi; S. F. Wolff, 1733-1794, morphologist) See the primary kidney duct.
Great Medical Dictionary

Genzen Dol. - (V. HENSEN) See connecting duct.
Great Medical Dictionary

Hepatopancreatic Dol - (DUCTUS HEPATOPANCREATICUS, LNE; Hepato- + Greek. Pankteas, PankreatOS Pancreas) Plot of embryonic total bile duct from the place of sign up in it Ventral Bookmark ........
Great Medical Dictionary

Breastbank - (Ductus Thoracicus, PNA, BNA, JNA) lymphaticosud, in which Lymph is subject to venous beds from legs, pelvis, walls and organs abdominal cavity, left hands, left half of the chest, ........
Great Medical Dictionary

Yolk-intestine duct - See Yellow Doc.
Great Medical Dictionary

Yellow dashing - (Ductus Vitellinus, LNE; Sin.: Yellowan-intestinal duct, bubbly-intestinal duct) Channel in the yolk skeleton, lined with an entodermal epithelium connecting the cavity of the middle ........
Great Medical Dictionary

Biliary - (Ductus Choledochus) -eral dump overall.
Great Medical Dictionary

Global duct shared - (Ductus Choledochus, PNA, BNA, JNA; Sin. Grocery Doc) Extraked J. P., Forming a compound of hepatic and bubble ducts; Opens on a large duodenal duplex.
Great Medical Dictionary

Female Dash - See paramzenephrices.
Great Medical Dictionary

Over the past decade medical institutions Everywhere equipped with ultrasound scanners equipped with a color doppler mapping and reduced to a safe threshold with a total radiation load on the fruit. This makes it possible to expand the amount of standard screening ultrasound examination of pregnant women for early formation of high-risk groups. Among the dopplerographic parameters defined in the first trimester of pregnancy, the greatest attention of the researchers attracted the study of the curves of blood flow velocities (KSK) in the venous protocation of the fetus. The high predictive value of the study of the SCS spectrum in this vessel at the end of the first - beginning of the second trimester of pregnancy is proved with respect to the presence of chromosomal anomalies, congenital heart defects in the fetus and outcome of multiple pregnancy. But these studies concerned only the qualitative study of KSK (registration of retrograde or unidirectional blood flow). The quantitative regulatory parameters of the blood flow rate in the venous fetal protocol at the turn of the first and second trimesters of pregnancy in various phases of the heart cycle to date remain unknown. This limits the use of this method to predict other species. obstetric pathology. The existing problem marked the direction of the study.

The purpose of the work is to determine the regulatory parameters of the speed of blood flow of the fetus in 11-14 weeks of pregnancy.

Material and research methods

The object of the study amounted to 72 somatically healthy women with the physiological course of unionless pregnancy, having from 11 weeks. + 0/7 days to 13 weeks. + 6/7 days of gestation. Enlarging criteria for research:

a) age from 18 to 35 years;

b) pregnancy from 11 to 14 weeks;

c) tooling one fetus;

d) the location of the chorion in the day or on the side walls of the uterus;

e) lack of extragnenital pathology in the sub- and decompensation stage;

e) spontaneous conception;

g) the absence of an episode of the threatening interrupt of the observed pregnancy both at the time of the study and in its earlier stages.

The study of blood circulation in the venous fetal duct was carried out at the VOLUSON E8 Ultrasonic Apparatus (USA), in compliance with the ALARA principle (AS Low As Reasonably AchieveBle) - "So low, as reasonablely achievable", i.e. Using the most prudent low output power. Registration of blood flow in the venous fetal dump was carried out by specialists who have the appropriate certificate of the Fetal Medicine Foundation (Fetal Medicine Foundation). The rate of blood flow in systole (S), diastole (E) of the ventricles of the heart, as well as during the reduction of the opposition heart, i.e. In the late diastole (a).

The ratios of the phase velocities of blood flow (S / E and S / A) were calculated, as well as cornese-dependent indices - vein resistance index (IRV) and velocity index (WIS). The study was conducted as an addition to a standard examination in the first trimester of pregnancy, determined by the "basic spectrum of examination of pregnant women" of the federal procedure for the provision of medical care for the "Obstetrics and Gynecology" profile (except for the use of auxiliary reproductive technologies). " In addition to the clinical examination of patients, the work was taken into account in the blood of women in the day of examination of the plasma protein-related plasma protein A (RARR-A) and the free beta subunit of the chorionic gonadotropin (beta-xg) both in quantitative values \u200b\u200band in the form of "Multiple Of Median "(MOM).

The recorded data was processed by the method of correlation and variational analysis and are presented in the form "mean ± standard deviation" (M ± SD) and 95% of the confidential interval (95% di).

Results of research and discussion

The data obtained suggests that the rate of blood flow in the venous protocol in the fetus at the turn of the first and second trimesters of gestation during physiologically flowing pregnancy varies widely (table).

In various phases of the heart cycle of the fetus, individual features in the group of the surveyed defined more than a two-time discrepancy between the recorded indicators. In this case, the linear parameters of blood circulation did not depend on the period of pregnancy in weeks, nor from the chorion thickness measured with ultrasound scanning. Cases of retrograde blood flow in the venous protocol in the fetus (marker of intrauterine hypoxia or hereditable pathology) had no examined women.

Indicators of the curves of blood flow velocities in the venous fetal duct in various phases of the heart cycle in the early terms of physiological pregnancy

Bleeding in venous duct

During the entire period of intrauterine development per embryo, and later, various harmful factors affect fruit. In such conditions, a serious responsibility to go to the young mother: on the one hand, to protect the baby from external threats:

And on the other, it is to ensure the internal constancy of the body. The health care system provides for a sparing day of the day (including physical activity) for a pregnant woman. The relevance of the issue is related to the fact that the slightest provoking factors can affect the health of the baby. Already today, according to WHO, there has been an increase in the number of newborns with the anomalies of development in urbanized cities.

In this case, it is recommended to produce timely screening. An innovator in this area is Minimax, which is engaged in research in all areas of medicine. Back in 1994, the company conducted doppler studies, and now these technologies allow you to identify intrauterine anomalies on early stages.

Venous blood flow: research methods

The greatest interest in the point of view of the detection of anomalies is the bloodstream in the venous duct, as well as the umbilical artery. Venous duct (arancium) is a narrow channel connecting the umbilical and lower hollow vein. In essence, it is anastomosis, which mines the hepatic blood flow. The feasibility of studying the speed of blood flow, as well as its directions, occurs already in the early stages of the development of the fetus.

Already on 11 weeks, the first ultrasound of the study is made: in the norm of blood flow in the venous protocol, the fetus should move towards the right atrium. Often genetic features, as well as teratogenic factors lead to the fact that the fetus has critical (sometimes incompatible with life) anomalies of development.

One of the most popular problems is reverse venous blood flow. In this case, peaks are recorded on the ultrasound, which indicate blood dropping in the opposite direction (to the umbilical vein). This may indicate the insufficiency of the trilateral valve or other abnormalities of the cardiovascular system.

If the venous blood flow in the fetus is broken and does not threaten intrauterocal development, then surgery is performed after birth.

Reverse blood flow in the venous protocol in the fetus. How to treat him?

At the first ultrasound screening, the Sonologist revealed something incomprehensible, which called "reverse blood flow in the venous protocol of the fetus." From these words, the hair becomes end, and the worst thoughts are in the head. It seems that life stopped, but heard - nothing else as a sentence. But to make a deliberate and suspended step, let's understand without emotions.

What is a reverse of venous duct in the fetus?

The venous duct is a vessel that connects the umbilical vein (arterial blood is flowing, saturated with oxygen) with the lower hollow. It has a very small diameter - only 2-3 mm, so only an experienced Sonologist is able to consider it, and then on the equipment of the expert class. According to venous duct, arterial blood immediately falls in the heart and partly in the brain, because It is these organs that need a large amount of oxygen.

The blood flow in this vessel is normal only in one direction (to heart). Reverse current is not possible due to a powerful smooth-muscular sphincter in the venous duct. However, under certain conditions, the pressure in the vessel increases so much that the venous duct reverse appears in the fetus, i.e. Blood movement in the opposite direction (from the heart).

What does reverse blood flow look like in the venous protocol of the fetus?

Normally, the DopplerRographic picture of the venous duct is three-phase (see Figure 1):

1. Reducing ventricles. At this time, the atrium is relaxed as much as possible, so the blood to them flows at a very high speed. On the chart, this is the highest peak (in the figure indicated "A").
2. Passive filling of ventricles from atria (early diastole). The speed of blood flow is also high, but somewhat less than in systole. Therefore, on the chart, it is a peak of a smaller height (indicated by the letter "B").
3. Cutting atrial and active filling of ventricles. Blood movement slows down sharply, so the excavation appears (designated by the letter "C"), but in the normal one it never reaches the zero line, because the blood in the venous duct is not moving back.

Figure 1. Normal blood flow in venous duct

If the reverse of the venous duct in the fetus appears, this indicates that the pressure in the vessel is very high, and blood at the time of the reduction of the atria rushes in the opposite direction. In the Picture of Uzi, it looks like this (see Figure 2). Below is a wave is determined (marked with a circle).

Figure 2. Reverse blood flow in the venous protocol in the fetus

What does the reverse indicate in the venous protocol of the fetus?

The reverse in the venous duct is seen as a marker of chromosomal pathology or heart disease in the fetus, reflecting the insufficiency of hemodynamics. However, absolutize this feature is also impossible. In the study of patients from a high-risk group, reverse blood flow in the venous fetal duct of 90% was associated with chromosomal pathology or cardiac ducts. But in 5% of cases, false positive results are possible when the reverse is revealed, and everything is fine with the child.

Once again we repeat that in the study were not all pregnant in a row, but only having high genetic risks. This is an age of 35 years old, the birth of children in history with hereditary pathologies, stillbirth, an enlarged thickness of the collar space, etc.

Diagnostic errors

In addition to the fact that the venous duct has a small diameter, so the image from it still changes from the movements of the fetus and from the movements of the front abdominal wall women. Therefore, the study should be trusted only by professionals!

In addition, the hepatic vein passed on the Dopplerogram of the venous duct. Even normally, it is allowed to have a reverse, and during the layering it is transferred to the test vessel, which is mistaken to be taken for the reverse in the venous fetal duct.

What if the reverse blood flow is found in the venous protocol of the fetus?

Provided that ultrasound with dopplerography is made correctly, and there are no artifacts, to reverse blood flow in the venous duct should be treated as follows:

• if a woman is not included in the increased risk group, then a detailed ultrasound examination of the heart of the fetus is held in the deadlines and the genetics consultation is shown;
• if simultaneously with the reverse, a decrease in the nose bones was revealed, thickening of the collar space, then without karyotyping could not do. For this, either amniocentesis or biopsy of Chorion is carried out.

It turns out that reverse blood flow in the venous protocol in the fetus is just an argument for more detailed and targeted diagnosis during pregnancy.

KSK in venous duct

The venous duct (VP) is a narrow tube vein with an endless entrance, which is a direct communication between the umbilical vein and the central venous system, through which the flow of well-oxygenated blood is formed by way of hepatic circulation. The diameter of the VP is 3 times smaller than the diameter of the intraperity of the part of the umbilical vein, and its length is only 2-3 mm of pregnancy. Due to the presence of a smooth muscle sphincter innervated by the fibers of solar plexus, a diaphragmal nerve and a wandering nerve, EP performs an active role in regulating the volume of arterial blood flowing through it. With a normally developing pregnancy throughout all phases of the heart cycle of the fetus, the bloodstream in the VP remains unidirectional, representing a three-phase curve. In one heart cycle, the ventricular systole, the early diastole reflects the passive filling of ventricles, and the late diastole is an active reduction in atrial.

Despite such small sizes of venous duct, the assessment of the KSK in this vessel is managed in most fruits of pregnancy. Such high results were obtained primarily by experts, since when obtaining the spectrum of blood flow, it often occurs its "pollution" from neighboring vessels. In addition, "contamination" by signals from the middle hepatic vein can cause false reverse values \u200b\u200bof blood flow in the VP to the phase of the atrial reduction. The movement of the abdominal wall of the mother, the behavioral reactions of the fetus itself cause the VS offset during the recording of KSK. Therefore, the optimal registration and interpretation of the KSK in the VI, obtained in the first trimester of pregnancy, forces only a very experienced and conscientious specialist working on high-class ultrasound equipment.

True, it should be noted that in the hands of the expert, the study of blood flow in the venous duct at the end of I trimester of pregnancy is possible on the middle-class devices, even without the CDC mode.

Given the not enough reproducibility of the assessment of blood flow indices in the VP, most of the specialists are used as diagnostic criteria for pathological CCC zero and reverse values \u200b\u200bof blood flow to the atria reduction phase. According to the majority of researchers, the assessment of blood flow to the VI in the early periods of pregnancy should be carried out to patients of a group of high risk for the birth of a child of the SHA and congenital vices.

For the first time, these changes in the venous fetal protocate in the chromosomal defect were described by T. Huisman and S. Bilardo in 1997. Reverse blood flow to the VP in the phase of the atrial reduction and the extended collar space up to 8 mm were found from one fetus with trisomy 18 of twins in 13 Ned pregnancy.

In our country, for the first time about reverse values \u200b\u200bof blood flow in the phase of atrial reducing the fruits with HA reported M.V. Medvedev et al. and I.Yu. Kogan et al. In 1999, in the observation of I.Yu. Cogan et al., Reversal of the bloodstream in the VP in the phase of the reducing atrias were found in 12 weeks of pregnancy at the fetus with trisomy 21. In the case described by us, similar changes in blood flow in VI were revealed from the fetus with trisomy 18 of pregnancy. The table presents the total data of the literature on the frequency of the occurrence of zero and reverse values \u200b\u200bof blood flow in the VP to the phase of the atrial reducing with ha in the fetus. These data indicate a sufficiently large variation of the frequency of pathological KSK in the venous duct at HA - from 58 to 100%. These results seem to be explained by the following reasons.

First, zero and reverse values \u200b\u200bof blood flow in the VP in the phase of reducing atrias are a booster marker only within a certain period of pregnancy. So, submitted by E. Antolin et al., The pathological spectrum of blood flow in the HP is significantly more often found in the gestational age-made (76.9%) compared to bed of pregnancy, when the abnormal curves of blood flow rates were recorded only in 42.2% of all chromosomant. On the transit nature of pathological KSK in the venous duct with an abnormal karyotype of the fetus in the early terms of pregnancy and also. Morozova and E.A. Shevchenko. Given that the studies were carried out in different times, perhaps this fact had an impact on the different frequency of detection of pathological KSK in the VI in fruits with ha.

Secondly, it is known that HA is often accompanied by congenital heart defects (UPU), which in early pregnancy can lead to a change in blood flow in the VP. Total data from different research Group On the frequency of occurrence of pathological blood flow in the VP at the UPU in early dates are reflected in the table.

Thirdly, zero and reverse values \u200b\u200bof blood flow in the VP in the phase of the atria reduction can be recorded in fruit with normal karyotype. It should be emphasized that in many studies, the frequency of false positive results did not exceed the level of 5%, which is adopted for the "Gold Standard" in the prenatal diagnosis. However, when expanding the collar space in the fetus, as with ha, so with a normal karyotype, the frequency of pathological KSK in the VP significantly increases. At the same time, the changes in blood flow to the VS often carry in nature.

In conclusion, this chapter should be emphasized that at present the main echographic marker HA in the early period of pregnancy is the expansion of the collar space of the fetus. In cases of detection of this marker, preyal karyotyping is a necessary component of the prenatal examination in early pregnancy. At the same time, Doppler technologies and evaluation of the nose bones of the fetus should be considered important additional features, allowing to increase the efficiency of early prenatal diagnosis of Ha, especially in cases of border or "controversial" extensions of the collar space. It should also be remembered that in some cases the evaluation of the bones of the nose of the fetus and the detection of pathological KSK in the VS allows you to diagnose X with normal values \u200b\u200bof the collar space. Yes, and in cases where the collar space is expanded, additional detection of pathological KSK in the VP and the absence / hypoplasia of the bones of the nose of the fetus makes it more reasoned to explain to the patients the need for prenatal karyotyping.

The norms of the first screening during pregnancy: how to be if everything is bad?

The procedure called "screening" (from the English - Screening - sifting), for some reason it is alarming for most future mothers, some of which refuse the procedure only because they are afraid to hear the unpleasant news of its results.

But after all, screening, especially using modern computer systems and high-precision devices, is not a fortune telling on the coffee grounds, but the ability to look into the future and find out what is the likelihood that the baby will be born with an incurable disease.

For parents, it is an opportunity to decide in advance whether they are ready to take care of the child who will need colossal attention and care.

Norms of the first screening during pregnancy

The screening of the first trimester, in fact, consists of two already familiar procedures for women: ultrasound and blood collection for analysis.

When preparing for procedures, it is important to comply with the recommendations of the doctor and try to keep calm.

Uzi norms

During ultrasound research, the specialist considers in detail the structure of the embryo, clarifies the term of pregnancy on the basis of such indicators as the Copchiko-parietal size of the embryo (CTR) and the bipartive size of the fetus head (BPR).

And, most importantly, makes the necessary measurements, informative to assess the state of the fetus.

This is primarily:

1. The thickness of the collar space (TVP) is the most important indicator for ultrasound to identify the risk of chromosomal pathologies.

Norms for TVP depending on the age of the embryo

If the TVP exceeds a normal amount, then this is a reason to suspect the presence of a chromosomal anomaly from the fetus.

1. The definition of the nasal bone is visualized by 10 - 11 weeks of pregnancy, and on the 12th week it should be at least 3 mm. This is true for 98% of healthy embryos.
2. The frequency of heartfrections of the fetus (heart rate) - depending on the week of pregnancy, the normal indicators are considered:

Increased CSS in the fetus is also one of the signs of the presence of Down syndrome.

1. Spectrum of blood flow in the Arancium (venous) protocol in the fetus. The reverse form of blood flow wave is found only in 5% embryos without chromosomal anomalies.
2. The size of the maxillary bone of the fetus is a lag in size in size characteristic of embryos with trisomy.
3. The volume of the bladder - aged 12 weeks, the bladder is determined by most healthy embryos from the 11th week. Increased bladder is an additional possible sign of the fetus syndrome.

Blood biochemical analysis rates

To donate blood for screening surveys, if possible, on the day of the genetic ultrasound, or, if it is impossible, the next day.

Ideally, blood on a screening test is taken from the morning on an empty stomach, in extreme cases, not less than 4 hours after meals.

In the first trimester, screening for the detection of the degree of risk of the presence of the defects of the embryo development consists of an estimate of two indicators: a free β-subunit of HCHG and RARR-A.

"Running" the values \u200b\u200bof the specified blood markers acceptable on each period of pregnancy (weekly) are quite wide and can be varied in screening loci, depending on the ethnic composition of the region.

However, in relation to the median of this region, the average normal value for a specific period of pregnancy - the level of the analyzed indicators should be from 0.5 to 2 minutes.

Moreover, when calculating risks in each individual case is not a clean Mom, but calculated with the amendment to anamnesis of the future mother, the so-called. Acrief.

Free β-subunit HCHG

When assessing the risk of developing chromosomal diseases of the fetus, the analysis of free β-HCHG is more informative than the level, actually, hormone HCHG.

Because The reason for the change of HCHG in a woman can be states that are not associated with the baby tooling (hormonal diseases, the reception of some drugs, etc.).

While the predictable change in the level of the β-subunit of HFGs is specific to pregnancy.

With a normally developing embryo, the indicators of the free β-HCHG in the blood of the woman will be approximately as follows:

Provided that the period of pregnancy is established true and, neglecting the possibility of a false result, the causes of the inconsistency of the level of β-HCHG in the blood of a woman's term of pregnancy can be completely different causes that are not associated with anomalies in the development of the fetus.

Rarr-A norms

Protein-specific protein is produced by an outer layer of placenta and is observed in the blood of a woman throughout the pregnancy.

The level of it is growing according to the period of pregnancy.

The boundaries of rarr-and in the blood of the patient with normally developing pregnancy

The value of Rarr-A, as a marker of chromosomal pathologies of the fetus, causes an alarm at a lower than the average in the region, value (IOM below 0.5). In the first trimester, this may mean the risk of developing Down syndromes, Edwards.

It should be borne in mind that after the 14th week of pregnancy to determine the risk of development of Down syndrome in the fetus, the level of RARR-A is not informative, because Compared with the indicators of a healthy pregnancy, even with the presence of trisomy of 21 chromosome.

Decoding the results of the first screening

To assess the results of prenatal screening tests, certified computer programs are used, designed specifically for these purposes and customized to work in the native laboratory.

Therefore, all studies should be passed in one institution.

Only combined screening is an assessment of the data of the ultrasound in combination with the analysis of biochemical blood markers - becomes a key to obtaining a high-precision forecast.

Indicators of the double biochemical test conducted in the first trimester of pregnancy are considered in combination with each other.

Thus, the low level of RARR-A in combination with an elevated level of β-HCHG in the blood of a woman, other things being equal, gives serious grounds to suspect the development of Down syndrome, and in combination with a reduced level of β-HCHG - the risk of developing Edwards syndrome.

In this case, the data of the Uzi protocol is decisive for the decision on the direction of the Woman for invasive diagnostics.

If the ultrasound did not reveal pathological deviations from the fetus, then, as a rule, the future mother is recommended to undergo repeated biochemical screening, if the term of pregnancy is allowed, or wait for the possibility of taking the second trimester screening.

Adverse results of the first screening

Screening data is processed by a "smart" computer program, which gives its own verdict on the level of risk to the development of chromosomal pathologies in the fetus: low, threshold or high.

In our country, the value of risk is less than 1: 100. This means that one of the hundred women with similar results of the first screening is born a child with defects.

And such a risk is an unequivocal indication for the invasive method of examination in order to with confidence in 99.9% to diagnose chromosomal diseases of the embryo.

The threshold risk means that the possibility of the birth of a child with incurable development deviations is from 1: 350 to 1: 100 cases.

In this situation, a woman is required to consult a genetics doctor, whose task after an individual reception to clarify a group of high or low risk refers to tooling the fetus with the defects of the future mother.

As a rule, genetic offers a woman calm down, wait and pass additional non-invasive surveys in the second trimester (second screening), after which invites to repeat acceptance to consider the results of the second screening and determine the need for invasive procedures.

Fortunately, happy, which screening the first trimester shows the low risk of carrying a sick child: more than 1: 350, the overwhelming majority among future febris. Them additional examinations not required.

What to do with adverse results

If, according to the results of the prenatal screening, the future mother has discovered the high risk of the child's birth with congenital defects, the primary equilibrium and planning of its further action becomes the first priority for it.

Future parents should determine how important for them is exact information about the presence of pathologies for the development of the future child, and in this regard, to decide whether to continue the surveys to form an accurate diagnosis.

What to do when receiving after the first screening bad results?

• The first screening should not be repeated in another laboratory.

So you will only lose precious time. And even more so we should not wait for the second screening.

• Upon receipt of bad results, you need (at risk 1: 100 and below) you need to immediately seek advice from genetics.

• Do not wait for the planned reception in the LCD and seek directions or recording to genetics.

You need to immediately find a qualified specialist and visit the paid reception. The fact is that the genetic is likely to prescribe you an invasive procedure. If the term is still small (up to 13 weeks), then this will be a biopsy of the Vorsin Chorion.

• All women with high risk of child's birthday with genetic deviations are best to go through the biopsy of the village of Chorion, since the remaining procedures allowing to identify the amniocentsis fetus genotype, the cordocentsis is carried out at later terms.

The results of any invasive procedure should be waiting for about 3 weeks. If you make an analysis charge, then a little less.

• If the anomalies of the development of the fetus are confirmed, then, depending on the solution of the family, the doctor may be written to the direction for the interruption of pregnancy.

In this case, the interruption of pregnancy will be held on the upstream.

And now imagine if you make an amniocentesis extra. We are waiting for another 3 weeks of results. And at 20 weeks you are offered to interrupt pregnancy, when the fruit is already actively moving when the complete awareness is that a new life lives in your body.

For a period of over 20 weeks, a viable child can be born in a good clinic. For a period of over 20 weeks, abortions do not make, and artificial childbirth is carried out on medical testimony.

Such interventions break the psyche of a woman and father of the child. It's very hard. Therefore, it is for a period of 12 weeks that a difficult decision should be taken - find out the truth and make an abortion as early as possible. Or take the birth of a special child as a given.

The accuracy of screenings and the need for

From future mothers in queues to a doctor in women's consultations, on thematic forums, and sometimes you can hear a very popular opinion on the feasibility of holding screenings during pregnancy.

And really. Screenings are little informative. They do not give an accurate answer to the question, whether your child has genetic deviations. Screening gives only a probability, and also forms a risk group.

The first screening gives parents the opportunity to carry out more accurate diagnosis and interrupt pregnancy on a small period or to prepare as much as possible to appear a special child.

The lack of risks for the development of deviations in the development of the fetus, due to chromosomal pathologies, the screening will allow the young mother to calmly lead her pregnancy, being 99% confident that her baby has passed trouble (for the probability of false positive results on screening is negligible).

Disputes about the need to pass the screenshots, about their moral side, apparently, they will not appear soon. However, responding to a question about whether to take a medical destination for screening, future parents must mention a few months ahead and imagine the situation that the risks were justified.

And only realizing their readiness to take a special baby, mom and dad can confidently write a refusal or agreement for surveys.

117 comments

Help disassemble the fruit of 154ood / min. CRT 75,0mm. TVP 2.10mm. Loose beta subunit HCHG 21.70 IU / l / 0.673M. RARR-A 13,190ME / L / 2.648 MOM. Trisomy21 Basic risk 1: 126. Individual risk 1: 2524. Trisomy18. Basic risk 1: 324 Individual risk 1: 6483. Trisomy 13 Basic risk 1: 1012.<1:20000

Based on the data specified by you, the following conclusions can be drawn.

• Uz Studies in the 1st trimester of pregnancy are carried out in order to establish a risk on the presence of Down syndrome in the fetus. It is held from 10 weeks 6 days to 13 weeks 6 days of gestational period. Earlier or later research is inefficient.
• CSS Fetal depends on the period of pregnancy and is 161-179 beats per minute on the 10th week of pregnancy, 150-174 beats per minute on the 12th week of pregnancy.
• The fetal CTR for effective ultrasound should be more than 45 mm.
• A TVP is normal located within 1.5-2.2 mm on the 10th week of gestation, 1.6-2.5 on the 12th week.
• The results of biochemical screening indicate an increased risk of birth of a child with Down syndrome and Edwards syndrome.
• Normally, the free beta subunit of HCHG is from 0.5 to 2.0 mΩ, and Rarr-A is from 0.5 to 2.5 mΩ. The data of the Laboratory depend on the laboratory and their decoding is given separately.
• Risks for deviations from the norm must be more than 1: 380. In your case, the risk of trisomy 21, or Down syndrome, and trisomy 18, or Edwards Syndrome are elevated.

To obtain reliable information, you need to apply to women's consultation with research results. In the aggregate of all received data, you will be asked for appropriate pregnancy.

If necessary, you will be asked to undergo an invasive diagnostic method in the form of amniocentesis to determine possible pathologies from the fetus.

Help please deal with the results of ultrasound research in the trimester (13-14 weekly) of the heart rate 158 per minute. CRT 76.0 mm. TVP 1.37mm. BPD 26.8 mm. OG 95.0 mm. Co. is 77.0 mm. DLB 14.0 mm. Risk with Down Syndrome Low 1: 1501

You do not specify the exact term of pregnancy on ultrasound. Does it coincide with the date on the date of the last menstruation?

Another important indicator under ultrasound research in the 1st trimester of gestation is visualization and thickness of the nasal bone. This indicator is one of the risk markers of the presence of Down syndrome.

Uzi-screening in the 1st trimester of pregnancy is performed on time from 10 weeks 6 days to 13 weeks 6 days. An earlier or later study is not informative.

With an ultrasound study in the 1st trimester, the doctor determines the size of the fetus, the period of gestation, the location and condition of the placenta and the risk of the presence of a child's syndrome in a child.

Based on the data you specified, you can draw the following conclusions.

• CSS Fetal at the 13th week of gestational period is within 147-171 beats per minute.
• The CTR averages on the 13th week 63-74 mm, on the 14th week - 63-89 mm.
• A TVP normally is 0.7-2.7 mm. The increase in the size of the thickness of the collar space is evidence of the increased risk of the birth of a child with Down syndrome.
• BPR on the 13th week is within 20-28 mm, on the 14th week - 23-31 mm.
• OG on the 13th week is 73-96 mm, on the 14th week - 84-110 mm.
• Co. on the 13th week varies within 58-80 mm, on the 14th week - 66-90 mm.
• DLB on the 13th week is normal 7.0-11.8 mm, on the 14th week - 9.0-15.8 mm.

The risk on Down syndrome is calculated by a special computer program, which takes into account the data obtained with an ultrasound study, the age of a woman, burdened with anamnesis with the presence of a woman or her close relatives, including husband, children with Down syndrome. Normally, this indicator should be 1: 380 or less.

At the given data in the Risk Group of the Baby Risk with Down Syndrome, you do not fall.

To obtain reliable information, you need to refer to the obstetrician gynecologist with the results of the 1st screening ultrasound.

Thank you so much! Although a little, but calmed down) on the second, ultrasound will look more accurate)

Good afternoon, help will understand the adjusted MOM and the combined risks

fB-HCG 92.6 NG / ML 3.50 Surror,

PAPP-A 10.5 MLU / ML 2.37 Surrore,

Argued MOM and calculated risks when conducting biochemical screening during pregnancy is necessary to obtain the risks of the birth of a child with congenital pathology.

Mom is the coefficient of degree of deviation from the average values \u200b\u200bof the norm. It is universal for all laboratories.

IOM may deviate depending on a number of factors:

Women's racial affiliation;

Bad habits, including smoking;

The amount of fruits in the uterus;

Concomitant diseases, including diabetes, hypertension;

The occurrence of pregnancy by eco.

The proorplified values \u200b\u200bof the indicators are calculated adjudging the risk factors. As a result, the absolute and proorplified value of the IOM can differ significantly.

The rate of FB-HCG indicators in NG / ML and PAPP-A in MLU / ML are different for each laboratory. When issuing research results, there is a graph with norms for this laboratory.

The norm for the IOM is ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 hours.

In your case, it is not enough to decrypt the data.

If you take into account only IOM granted by you, you can note the increase in both indicators regarding the norm. This may be associated not only with an increased risk of the birth of a child with congenital anomaly, but also the peculiarities of the course of pregnancy or the development of two or more fruits.

To obtain a complete decipher, you need to provide research to your obstetrician gynecologist. If necessary, you will be aimed at invasive research method, or amniocentsis, to obtain reliable information.

Hello, help figure out the results of 1 ultrasound screening. For example, we take. - 12 weeks 6 days.Ter-68 mm, CSS-159, TVP-1.5, blood flow in venous duct - 1.07, BPR-21, OG-76, OH-63, the length of the femoral bone-8.6. There is a 2.2 mm of nose without features.

To conclude, you did not indicate the main indicator - the risk on the development of Down syndrome, which is exhibited by the results of ultrasound research, the age of women and the presence of risk factors for the development of pathology.

Your data indicate the following:

The CTR on the period of gestation is 12 weeks of 6 days is 51-73 mm.

CSS in 12-13 weeks is within 150-174 shots per minute.

A TVP from the 12th week to 12 weeks 6 days is in the range of 0.7-2.5 mm. The average value is 1.6 mm. Increased risk is exhibited by increasing TVP over 2.5 mm.

BPR with the 12th to the 13th week of gestational period is 18-24 mm.

OG normally is 58-84 mm.

The coolant varies from 50 to 72 mm.

DLB on the 12th week of pregnancy is 4.0-10.8 mm.

Nose bones should be visualized and range from 1.8 to 2.3 mm.

Bloodstock in the venous duct is normal should not be zero or reversed.

The data of the ultrasound screening of the 1st trimester of pregnancy is within the norm.

To confirm the normal course of pregnancy and the lack of risk by the birth of a child with Down syndrome, you need to take advice to the gynecologist in the female consultation at the place of residence. It is necessary to have a conclusion of a WSD doctor.

Good afternoon, you need your help. Uzistka almost brought to heart attack. It was very rude. And just began to drive around the stomach as roughly shouted: you have an anomaly. You need to genetics. Nothing began to explain, but only Bubble and Lala understand that Ett Screening sentence! Here is a conclusion:

The thickness of the collar space is 4.3 mm; nasal bones are visualized with a length of 1.0 mm; Pulsation index in venous duct 1.07 / reverse. Copchiko-parmer embryo size 54mm. Clean the heart of 159 beats per minute. Pregnancy 12.1 weeks.

In the conclusion that you described, lacking data. For completeness, you need to know your age and the presence of risk factors for the birth of a child with Down syndrome, as well as the complete conclusion of ultrasound screening.

In the ultrasound screening, which is performed from 10 weeks 6 days to 13 weeks of 6 days of pregnancy, the main thing is to conclusion about the risk on Down syndrome. This parameter is calculated by automatically computer program.

In addition, under ultrasound examination, the sizes of the head in the form of a biparity size and circle, the abdomen circle and the thigh length are indicated. Another important indicator is the location and state of the placenta, through which the child receives the necessary nutrients for normal growth and development.

According to the data that you provide, the following conclusions can be drawn.

• CRT, or Copshuxy-Dumpless size on the period of gestation 12-13 weeks is 51-59 mm.
• Czech Fetal should be within 150-174 beats per minute.

The thickness of the collar space, or TVP, should be 1.6-2.5 mm.

Nasal bones in 12 weeks of pregnancy should be clearly visualized and be more than 3 mm.

The pulsation index in the venous duct is normal not negative and reverse.

An increase in TVP, a decrease in the thickness of the nasal bones and the presence of a reverse in the venous duct indicate an increased risk of the child's birth with Down syndrome.

However, we should not rely only on the ultrasound data. In order to confirm or disprove the pathology of the fetus, you need to immediately contact the gynecologist into women's advice.

A specialist on the basis of all data received from you will appoint a further examination, which includes non-invasive and invasive procedures.

There is a biochemical screening with the definition of beta-hCG and PAPPA-a. The study allows us to calculate the risk of chromosomal anomaly from the fetus.

According to the results of research at an increased risk of birth of a child with congenital pathology, you will be asked to conduct invasive interference in the form of amniocentesis, cordo-beacon or biopsy Vorsin Chorion.

And remember that stress and excitement in your position are unacceptable.

Hello! Claimed screening in 12 weeks and 6 days, CTR 64, TVP 1.7 mm, increased hCG 2.578 remaining indicators normally. Risk 1: 687. Tell me please something is wrong? What is the likelihood of the development of pathologies in a child?

Data for reliable evaluation of the result is not enough. For completeness, you need to know:

1. Your age.
2. Do you have or the nearest relatives, children with Down syndrome or other genetic pathologies.
3. A complete picture of ultrasound screening with an indication of the size of the head, abdomen, the length of the hip, visualization and thickness of the nasal bone. The nasal bone becomes available from the period of gestation 11 weeks.
4. Risks on genetic anomalies after a biochemical study.
5. You specify a risk of 1: 687, but do not specify what kind of screening: ultrasonic or biochemical.

The risk of chromosomal anomaly in the norm should be more than 1: 380 according to the results of ultrasound and biochemical screening.

The fetal CTR on the period of gestation is 12 weeks from 51 to 59 mm, at 13 weeks - from 62 to 73 mm.

TVP at 12 weeks is in the range of 1.6-2.5 mm. The increased risk of birth of a child with Down syndrome is set at a given indicator exceeding 3 mm.

The data you specified from ultrasonic screening are within normal limits.

Normally, the free beta subunit hCG is within 0.5-2.0 hours. In your case, the indicator is increased.

The increased level of hCG may be associated with:

• down syndrome in the fetus;
• multiple pregnancy with two and more fruits;
• toxicosis of the first half of pregnancy;
• the presence of concomitant diseases in the mother, among which are diabetes, arterial hypertension.

In order to gain reliable information, you should contact the attending obstetrician-gynecologist, which on the basis of all data will make a conclusion and will develop the tactics of further pregnancy with amendment to related diseases. In the presence of the testimony, you will be asked to undergo a second biochemical screening or invasive interference in the form of amniocentesis.

At the risk of you can say that 1 woman from 687 can give birth to a congenital pathology. This indicator refers to a low-risk group.

I am 25 years old, with any pathologies there is no roznikov either from my husband either with my. Such in 12.3 weeks CTR 64 mm, heart rate 160, TVP 1.7 mm, nasal bone 1.5 mm. The presence of chorion. I did an ultrasound and immediately took blood from Vienna.

Hello, help please figure out. Doing to make a puncture because there are risks. Screening 12 days and 4 days.

Weight: 56.1 Height: 153 Age: 33.

Intracranial space 2,2mmm

Venous duct 0.90

Nose bones 2.4 mm

Loose beta subunit hCG 6.70 IU / l equivalent to 0.184m

RARR-A 0.628 IU / L is equivalent to 0.187m

Trisomy 21: Basic (1: 407) Individual (1: 8144)

Trisomy 18: Basic (1: 995) Individual (1: 335)

Trisomy 13: Basic (1: 3121) Individual (1:22)

Did you have or your close relatives of pregnancy with the installed genetic pathology?

We will analyze the results of your screening. Let's start with ultrasound research.

You do not specify what kind of risk on Down syndrome was at the conclusion of ultrasound. In addition, for proper interpretation of the data, it is necessary to indicate all the dimensions of the fetus: the BPR, the head circumference and the length of the hip. An important value is the state of the placenta.

• CSS Fetal in 12-13 weeks of pregnancy should be 150-174 beats per minute.
• The CTR on the period of gestation is 12-13 weeks in the range of 51-73 mm. At 12 weeks 4 days, the CTR can be from 49 to 69 mm.
• A TVP normally varies from 1.6 to 2.5 mm.
• The intracranial space should be within 1.5-2.5 mm.
• Venous duct should not have negative values \u200b\u200band have no reverse.
• Nose bones begin to visualize from 11 weeks of pregnancy. Their thickness is normal amounts to 1.8-2.3 mm.

According to the indicated data, you can make a conclusion:

• The fetal has a slight increase in heart rate, which may indicate his hypoxia. It is necessary to know the state of the placenta.
• If tachycardia is associated with insufficient work of the placenta, hospitalization in the gynecological department is necessary.
• The lack of oxygen for the fetus may be associated with the harmful habits of the mother, among which smoking is the greatest harm.

We will analyze biochemical screening.

• Normally, the free subunit of beta-hCG and RARR-A range from 0.5 to 2.0 mΩ.
• The data of your biochemical screening is within the normal range. The exception is an individual risk on trisomy 13, or Pataau syndrome.

The risk of a child with trisomy 13 pairs of chromosome is 1 case of 22 women. This indicator refers to a high-risk group. Perhaps earlier you or your close relatives were born children with developmental anomalies, which led to such indicators.

In order to make sure that the child is healthy, you should pass invasive interference in the form of amniocentesis, followed by the consultation of genetics.

Irina Vyacheslavovna Thank you very much.

Age 43 years

Among the relatives there is no one with pathologies, there is a child for 15 years, healthy.

Two ZB in 2014 and 2015

12n6d time according to m, 12n3d on ultrasound

Foot Fruit 59.7, BPR 21.1, og 75.8, coolant 65.7, dB 8.2, heart rate 162, no defect in the bones of the skull of the skull, TVP 2.5, nasal bones 1.8, blood flow is normal, the localization of chorion front, the mass of fetal 65 +/- 9

Risks on genetic anomalies after a biochemical blood test:

RARR-A 0.422, FB-HCG 2.39

age risk 1:30

Biochemical risk T21 1:50

Combined risk on trisomy 21 1:50

TRISOMIA 13/18 + TE 1:50

Mom cervical fold 1.61

Currently, 13.5 on ultrasound

The age risk on the birth of a child with Down syndrome increases after 40 years in a woman.

Due to the fact that your age is 43 years old, and a history was 2 frozen pregnancy, you will be asked to pass invasive interference in the form of amniocentes. In addition, you have risks based on the results of the first screenings.

We will analyze all the data.

The term of pregnancy on ultrasound and monthly can vary within 7 days, which depends on the time of ovulation and fertilization of the egg.

• The fetal CRT is normal in 12-13 weeks of pregnancy is 51-73 mm.
• BPD fetus is 18-24 mm.
• OG - 58-84 mm.
• Co. - 50-72 mm.
• DB - 4.0-10.8 mm.
• CSS Fetal should vary within 150-174 impact per minute.
• A TVP is normal to be 1.6-2.5 mm.
• Nose bones should be visualized and their thickness to be from 1.8 to 2.3 mm.

You do not specify what kind of risk on Down syndrome according to the results of ultrasound screening. This indicator is calculated automatically by a special program.

All data you have indicated are within the normal range. However, the thickness of the nose bones and TVP are on the lower limits of the norm, which in aggregate with age will make the risk result above.

According to the results of the biochemical study, RARR-A and FB-HCG should be from 0.5 to 2.0 hours.

You have an increase in the free subunit of beta-hCG, which may be due to the presence of Down syndrome, or arise as a result of concomitant pathology.

Risks after research should be more than 1: 380. Your risks are increased. This means that with such analyzes, like yours, 1 woman out of 50 has a chance to give birth to a child with genetic pathology.

To clarify the diagnosis, you need to immediately apply to the attending gynecologist, which on the basis of all data will be able to develop tactics of further pregnancy.

You will be asked to pass amniocentesis for setting the right diagnosis.

Term Ber.t.: 12forward 3dnes, CTR 57mm, HCG 41.5 NG'ML, RARR-A 1365.6ML, TVP 0.1mm

Dauna syndrome.V. Risk.1: 1417 Estimated risk. 1: 5712.

Synd. Edwards. Verris.1: 1274 Mol. 1: 1000.

Hello, I am Lisa. Help to find out. Thank you. Can not wait.

For accurate information, you need to refer to the results of the study to the gynecologist at the place of residence.

You specify an insufficient amount of information. For an accurate conclusion, you need to know all the parameters based on the results of ultrasound and biochemical screening. For accuracy, it is necessary:

1. Anamnestic data indicating that you have or close relatives of genetic pathology.
2. Fruit dimensions: headband head, abdomen circle, thigh length.
3. CSS Fetal.
4. Visualization of the nasal bone and its thickness.
5. The state of the placenta.
6. Data from biochemical research in IOM, or international units that are the same for all laboratories.
7. If you specify data in ng / ml, it is necessary to indicate the norms of the laboratory, where you have handted blood to the study, as the data may differ.

• The CTR normally in 12-13 weeks of pregnancy is within 51-73 mm.
• A TVP is normal of 0.7-2.5 mm.
• After biochemical screening, risks should be more than 1: 380.

At the risks you specified you do not fall into a high-risk group of a child with a genetic anomaly. But only your obstetrician gynecologist can make a conclusion about normally proceeding pregnancy.

Good afternoon, please tell me. Ultrasound: term 13.3. CRT -68mm, CSS-164, TVP 1.5mm, nose 2.5 mm, PI0.25.

Blood: Rarr-A 8.075 IU / L-1,705 MOM B-HCH 80,86 IU / L - 2,123M

Help decrypt, the doctor did not say anything

Unfortunately, the data is not enough. A complete list can be found on the page http://in-waiting.ru/ask-qa (category "Development of pregnancy")

Irina Vyacheslavovna, thank you very much for the detailed information, I live in Italy, and it was very difficult to understand the results, before receiving the doctor for another week, I would be very grateful to you if I give a brief explanation, here are my results (blood has passed a week before ultrasound So told the doctor):

Day of the first day of the last menstruation 28.02.17

My age 28; Height 167, weight 53

Term 12 weeks and 2 days

Child heartbeat frequency: 156bpm

Upper Cross Length (CRL): 62.0 mm

Biparic diameter (DVP): 19.0 mm

HCG: 57,8 UI is equivalent to 1,135 mΩ

Rarr-A: 0,904 UI \u200b\u200bEquivalent to 0.355 MΩ

Risks Trisomia 21:

basic 1: 771 Correct 1: 630

Risks Trisomia 18:

Basic 1: 866 Correct 1: 13014

Risks Trisomia 13:

Basic 1: 5858 correct< 1:20000

Does the term of pregnancy coincide in a month and ultrasound?

At the moment, if the deadlines coincide, you must have 13-14 weeks of pregnancy. If they do not coincide, you need to navigate the ultrasound screening.

Based on the results of the study provided by you, the following conclusions can be drawn.

CSS Fetal in 12-13 weeks of gestation is within 150-174 beats per minute. Your child has CSS within the normal range and is 156 shots per minute.

CRL, or CTR, or Copshuxy-Dread Size in 12-13 weeks varies from 42 to 73 mm. The CRT of your fetus is 62 mm, which is the norm.

NT, or TVP, or the thickness of the collar space is normal to be in the range of 0.7-2.5 mm and should not exceed 3 mm.

In order to make a conclusion about the result of ultrasound screening, it is necessary to know all fruit measurements and the risk on Down syndrome, which is calculated automatically.

The results of the biochemical screening: the free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A should be within 0.5-2.0 hours, and risks on chromosomal anomalies be above 1: 380.

In your case, neither basic nor corrected risk values \u200b\u200byou do not fall into a risk group along a chromosomal anomaly.

In order to find out the exact information, contact the gynecologist at the place of residence.

Irina Vyacheslavovna, thank you very much, sincerely grateful.

Help please understand the analyzes.

Pregnancy second. Mother's age is 22 years old. Weight 52,0kg

Pregnancy 12 weeks. + 3 days by CTR

CSS Fetal 152 Ud / min

Nose bone: determined; Dopplerometry of the tricuspid valve: norm; Venous dopplerometry: norm;

Free beta subunit xG: 23.80 IU / l Equivalent to 0,580

Rarra-A: 4,014 IU / l Equivalent to 1,378

Basic risk: trisomy 21; 1: 1035; Trisomy 18; 1: 2470; trisomy 13; 1: 7763.

Individual risk: Trisomy 21; 1: 20709; Trisomy 18; 1: 49391; Trisomia 13: 1: 155262.

The data is not complete enough:

1. When were the last menstruation?
2. Does the period of gestation on menstruation and ultrasound matters?
3. How did the previous pregnancy flow?
4. What is the value of TVP, or NT, or the thickness of the collar space?
5. Dimensions of the fetus head, abdominal circle and femoral length?
6. What is the risk on Down syndrome according to the results of screening?

Based on the data provided, the following conclusions can be drawn.

The CTR on the period of pregnancy 12-13 weeks is in the range of 51-59 mm.

Czech Fetal should vary from 150 to 174 beats per minute.

The nasal bone after 11 weeks of pregnancy should be clearly visualized and be more than 3 mm.

The venous duct in the norm does not have negative values \u200b\u200band reverse.

According to the results of biochemical screening, the free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPAA-A should be between 0.5 to 2.0 mΩ.

Risks on chromosomal anomaly both by ultrasonic screening and biochemical examination should be greater than 1: 380.

Those areas of research that you provide are within the normal range. However, in order to make a conclusion, the data is not enough.

You need to contact the gynecologist at the place of residence and provide him with all the conclusions received. Comparing the anamnestic data, ultrasound and biochemical screening, the doctor will be able to answer what kind of birth risks with chromosomal anomaly have.

Hello. Please tell me the screensing results on the term of 11med. And4 days.

RARR-A 0.28 (according to LIFE CYCLT)

Down syndrome 1: 475

edwards Syndrome- (T18) - 1: 5862.

I will transfer blood from genetics in a week. And now I do not find the place for yourself. Help sort out these indicators.

Help, please understand analyzes

Age 38 years. Weight 110kg

Pregnancy 11 weeks. + 3 days

TVP - 1.80 mm (1.40 MΩ)

CSS Fetal 134 Ud / min

Nose bone: determined, 2,3mm;

HCH: 39.2 NG / ML; 0.94m

Rarra-A: 1.04 MLU / ML; 0.95 MΩ

Biokhim.Risk + NT 1: 873 (below pores.), Dual test 1: 800 (below<1:10000;

In order to answer the question of how your child develops, there is not enough data. It is not possible to judge the state of the fetus only on the results of the study specified by you.

For a full picture, you need to apply to the gynecologist at the place of residence.

To make a conclusion about the state of the child and the risk of development he has a chromosomal anomaly, you need to know:

• Anamnesis of a woman.
• Full description of the results of ultrasonic screening.
• Conclusion of ultrasound research indicating the risk of the birth of a child with Down syndrome.

Normally, the risk of chromosomal anomaly should be higher than 1: 380 in both the results of the ultrasound and after a biochemical study.

Each woman after 35 years falls into a group of high risk of the birth of a child with Down syndrome. You need to consult the genetics and, if necessary, to carry out additional tests in the form of invasive intervention: amniocentesis, cordo-beaches or biopsy Vorcean Chorion.

• The free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A must be within 0.5-2.0 hours.
• At 11 weeks of 3 months of pregnancy, the fetal CTR is 37-54 mm.
• The TVP is in the range of 0.8-2.2 mm.
• Nose bones begin to visualize from 11 weeks of gestational period, while their thickness should not exceed 3 mm.
• CSS Fetal is 153-177 shots per minute.

In your case, it is necessary to know the state of the placenta, since, according to the results of ultrasound research, the child has bradycardia, or a decrease in heart rate. To improve the status of the fetus, you need to undergo a course of treatment.

In addition, bradycardia can be one of the signs of threatening spontaneous miscarriage.

To preserve and prolong pregnancy, you need urgent consultation of the doctor.

Tell me all right?

pregnancy 13 weeks exactly at the time of screen

Venous duct PI 1,040

Choriton / Placenta - Low on the front wall

Pupovina - 3 vessels

HCG - 53.7 me / l equiv. 1,460

RRR-A - 2,271 IU / L EQUATION. 0,623 MΩ

Trisomy 21 1: 10326

Trisomy 18.<1:20000

Trisomy 13.<1:20000

Preeclampsia to 34 weeks of pregnancy 1: 640

Preeclampsia to 37 weeks of pregnancy 1: 168

Let's analyze all the data you specified. Let's start with what is within the normal range.

• CSS Fetal in 13 weeks of gestational period may vary from 147 to 171 impact per minute.
• The CTR of the Fetal, or Copshuxy-Damp Size, in 13 weeks of pregnancy is 51-75 mm, the average value is 63 mm.
• A TVP, or a thickness of the collar space, or NT, is one of the main indicators at the 1st ultrasound screening, since on the basis of this indicator the risk of a child with Down syndrome is calculated. Normally, the TWP is 0.7-2.7 mm.
• BPR, or the biparity size of the fetus head must be within 20-28 mm, the average value is 24 mm.

Venous duct must have positive values. In case the indicator is negative or there is a reverse, it increases the risk of developing a child with chromosomal anomaly.

Pupovina Fetal is normal consisting of three vessels: 2 arteries and 1 veins, through which oxygen flow occurs and necessary for the development of nutrients to the fetus.

To conclude a state of the fetus lack the following data:

1. Fetal dimensions: Head Circle, Abdomen Circle, Hip Length.
2. Visualization and thickness of the nasal bones of the child, which are measured after 11 weeks of pregnancy.
3. Visualization of the internal organs of the fetus.
4. Conclusion Ultrasound Screening on Down Syndrome, which is normal in more than 1: 380.

According to the results of the ultrasound of the placenta in your case, lay on the front wall. The location of the kindergarten may vary depending on the place of implantation. At the same time, for the normal course of pregnancy, the placenta should have an above-mentioned inner point of 7 or more see.

You have a placenta on the conclusion of the ultrasound low, which means its location below 7 cm from the inner zone. This indicator is monitored by the second ultrasound. Most often, with the course of pregnancy, the placenta rises and occupies a normal position. In the case when its lift is not carried out, we can talk about the low location of the placenta, which requires the close attention of a woman and a doctor.

According to the results of biochemical screening, the indices of the free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A in the normal range are 0.5-2.0 hours.

Risks are normal above than 1: 380.

In your case, the risk of late gestosis is increased. This may be due to the course of this pregnancy and the previous one. The risk increases, if in the previous pregnancy, the woman had guest bees. To do this, you need to know your obstecological and gynecological and somatic history.

To get reliable information, consult an obstetrician gynecologist at the place of residence.

Hello! Help with disassembly: 3 pregnancy. 30 years

ultrasound 1 trimester 16.05.2017 (estimated period Ber. 10 weeks 4 days)

fetometry: CRT 48 mm. Embryo dimensions \u003d 11 weeks. 5 days

nasal bone 2.2 mm.

gene screening: dated 05/17/2017 (they believed on ultrasound 11 weeks. 5 days)

rarr - a \u003d 0.53 MOM. Hgch-3,12

Dauna syndrome disease

Age Risk 1: 810 .............. delicious risk 1: 184 - High risk

Dauna syndrome disease only by biochemistry

Age RISK 1: 810 ................ delicious risk 1:28 - High risk

The remaining indicators with low genetics are recommended amniocentesis.

Question ... What week is the calculation takes? On 10 and 12 weeks, then analyzes will be normal, if for 11 weeks, then yes risks have increased hCG ...

Translated on another unit (NG / ml) ... with the help of median

Which of the weeks to take for the calculation? If 1 day of the last Menstr. 03.03.2017

The calculation of the period of pregnancy is carried out according to the results of the 1st ultrasound screening. This is due to the fact that the fetus from 10 weeks 6 days to 13 weeks 6 days has the same size, which is calculated by special tables. After 14 weeks of gestation, the development of the fetus is different and depends on genetic features.

The calculation of the term of pregnancy on ultrasound is calculated on the totality of data on all the size of the fetus.

The term of pregnancy on the ultrasound and the date of the last menstruation may differ, which depends on ovulation. Ovulation can be early, then the term of pregnancy is more on ultrasound. At late ovulation, the gestational period will be less than the ultrasound. If ovulation occurred in the middle of the menstrual cycle, the term of pregnancy on the ultrasound and the date of the last menstruation will coincide.

In order to respond to your question correctly, the following data is necessary:

1. The size of the fetus specified in mm: BPR, abdominal circle, thigh length.
2. Size, location and state of the placenta.
3. CSS Fetal.
4. Conclusion at risk of the birth of a child with Down syndrome according to the results of ultrasound screening.
5. Your history: whether you or your close relatives have children with chromosomal anomaly.
6. What finished previous pregnancy.
7. The nature of the menstrual cycle: its regularity, after how much the next menstruation begins, how many days are menstruation.

By the date of the last menstruation, the term of pregnancy should be 17-18 weeks. Ultrasound Screening - 18-19 weeks. Distribution within 7 days is not a deviation. The calculation of the period of pregnancy is carried out on ultrasound screening.

• The fetal CRT on the period of pregnancy 11 weeks 5 days is within 39-57 mm, the average value is 48 mm.
• A TVP normally is 0.8-2.2 mm.
• The nasal bone after 11 weeks is clearly visualized, its average thickness is 1.4 mm. After 12 weeks of pregnancy, its thickness must be more than 3 mm.

According to the results of biochemical screening, the free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A must be within 0.5-2.0 hours. The calculation in ng / ml is individual for each laboratory, and the norms are indicated separately.

Risks in the norm must be more than 1: 380.

In your case, the level of hCG and risks on chromosomal anomaly are elevated.

In order to make sure that the fruit does not have chromosomal pathology, you need to undergo an additional survey in the form of amniocentesis, followed by the consultation of genetics.

Tell me everything in order, the doctor said there are deviations on analyzes. What does this mean? I'm 29 years old, 9 months ago I gave birth to the first child. There are no pathology. There is no moment an ultrasound at the time of 12,5 days, by ultrasound 12,2 . Patter - 56mm.Chss-160 UD / min.Twep-1.4 mm. Cost-2.1mm.pi-1,1.papp-00.861 MOM.V-HCH - 0.291 MΩ.

Hello, sent to genetics on screening analyzes. Please tell me whether it is worth it. I am 28 years old. Such: term 11 weeks 4 days, KTR-48mm., BRG-16,6mm., Frequency of seed cuts-171 beats, TVP-1,5mm ., KSK in venous duct-1.00., Length of nose-1,5mm bones., Yellowing bag-3.1mm., Screening: HCG-91,70M / l / 2,131m., RARR-A-0,373ME / l / 0.255m., Trisomius 21-ind: 1: 706, Bases: 1: 58., Trisomy 18-ind: 1: 1588, Bases: 1: 4326., Trisomy 13-ind: 1: 5017, Bases: 1 : 3055. Thanks in advance!

According to the results of the screening of the first trimester of pregnancy, you fell into a group of high risk to the birth of a child with Down syndrome.

In order to make sure that the fruit has no chromosomal anomaly you need to receive a consultation genetics. If necessary, the doctor will send you to an additional study in the form of invasive diagnostics. Depending on the period of pregnancy, you can offer the biopsy of Chorion, cordocentsis or amniocentesis.

We will analyze the given data of your research.

On the period of pregnancy, 11-12 weeks of the norm of the first ultrasound of screening are:

• CTR - 38-56 mm, the average value for 11 weeks 4 days - 47 mm;
• BRG - 13-21 mm;
• TVP - 0.8-2.4 mm;
• blengths in the venous duct - positive, has no reverse values;
• nose bones - clearly visualized, their thickness is an average of 1.5 mm;
• yellow bag - more than 2 mm from 6 to 12 weeks of gestational period.

The ultrasound values \u200b\u200byou specify are within the normal range. To make risks on Down syndrome in a child, you need to know:

1. all fetal sizes;
2. state of the placenta;
3. the conclusion of an ultrasound, in which a special program calculates the risk of chromosomal anomaly.

According to the results of biochemical screening, the free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A must be between 0.5 to 2.0 mΩ, and the risks of chromosomal pathologies are higher than 1: 380.

With raising beta-hgch, the risk on Down syndrome in the fetus is increased. This indicator may increase as a result of other reasons, such as gestosis, diabetes or other concomitant diseases.

For your indicators, a child with trisomy 21 pairs of chromosome, or Down syndrome, can be born in 1 woman out of 58, which is a high risk.

Only the attending physician will be able to give you more detailed information.

Hello! Now I have a pregnancy, about the fact that I have deviations as a result of blood on the first screening of 12 weeks, I found out only now, PAPP -0.41 MOM, HCG-0.42 MOM! Earlier, I did not say anything about it, although I had to send to the guinestics, I understand, but alas already a train left! The estimated risk of T-21 1: 6657, T-18 1: 2512, T-13 2: Astaria T-13 1; 1422, help me decipher the sum of the second day.

According to the ultrasound and the first and second, everything is fine without footing! My doctor on vacation is achieved why it happened that they did not inform me about low blood indicators from the midwife could not, tell me whether my results are scary.

Normal values \u200b\u200bof the biochemical screening of the first trimester of pregnancy are the free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A from 0.5 to 2.0 mΩ.

Deviations from normal values \u200b\u200bmay be caused by a number of factors, among which distinguish the anomalies of the development of the fetus and unfavorable pregnancy.

The simultaneous decrease in beta-hCG and PAPPA-A indicators may occur with the increased risk of developing Edwards syndrome by the fetus. In addition, the indicators can be reduced with a threatening spontaneous miscarriage.

The estimated risk of chromosomal anomaly in the fetus should be higher than 1: 380 in all indicators.

Your settlement risks are within the normal range.

When detecting reduced beta-hCG and PAPPA-A indicators, the doctor focuses on ultrasonic screening data. If there are deviations from the norm in the study, it is necessary to consult genetics and according to the testimony to carry out an additional study in the form of invasive intervention.

If, according to the results of ultrasound screening deviations, it was not identified, it was recommended to go through the second screening study in 16-20 weeks of pregnancy.

To solve all issues that have arisen, you need to contact the female consultation at the place of residence.

Good afternoon, please help decipher, I am 28 years old, screening was 11 weeks. Blood results -Papp-A-4.33, -Scherr.mom 1.96, free beta hgch-134, vertex 2.63. English risk + NT at the sample date of the sample 1: 7076 is lower than pores, age-related risks on Sampling date 1: 726, trisomy 13/18 + NT<1:10000 ниже пор. Отсечки.помогите расшифровать пожалуйста!

You have passed the biochemical screening of the first trimester of pregnancy, which is held from 10 weeks 6 days to 13 weeks of 6 days. At the same time, the first ultrasound study is prescribed.

Evaluation The state of the fetus is carried out by the aggregate of the studies: biochemical and ultrasound screering. If there are deviations, the woman is sent to a consultation to genetics. According to the indications, an additional invasive study is carried out in the form of cordo-beer, biopsy of chorion or amniocente, depending on the period of gestation.

Normally, the results of biochemical screening indicators The free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A are within 0.5-2.0 hours.

Estimated risks for the development of chromosomal anomaly in the fetus should be higher than 1: 380 in all indicators.

The forwarding value of the IOM value varies from 0.5 to 2.0 mΩ. This indicator is calculated by a special computer program individually for each pregnant. At the same time, amendments are made to age, on anaman features and a number of other factors.

According to the indicators of the biochemical screening provided by you, it can be concluded that the child does not fall into the risk group on the development of chromosomal anomaly, if an error has been made and instead of 134 MΩ there should be 1.34 hours of free subunit of beta-hCG. If this indicator is raised, this may indicate the pathology of the fetus.

To obtain the correct information, we recommend that you appeal to the doctor an obstetrician gynecologist at the place of residence. After studying the results of biochemical and ultrasound screenings, the doctor will choose further tactics of your pregnancy.

Good day, now I am in Bulgaria, I made an ultrasound and biochemical screening for a period of 12 weeks and 3 days, the first day of the last month on April 8, before that the cycle was shot down, the date of conception on April 23, the blood passed on July 14, 2017 I was 33 years old weight 85 kg , on the ultrasound, the doctor said that everything was fine, but no conclusion was given with measurements, only a photo of the baby, I really worry about the results of the analysis, please help please

The risk of Dauna's disease 1 to 12000

Edwards Syndrome 1 to 29000

Syndrome Patau 1 to

Turner Syndrome 1 to

Biochemical risk of Down 1 to 4300

Age Risk 1:54.

FREE BCG 0.33 MOM

In order to make a conclusion about the state of the fetus, it is necessary to know the results of the ultrasound and biochemical screening of the first trimester in the aggregate. These studies allow you to get a full-fledged picture.

Ultrasound allows you to make fruit measurements in order to identify pathologies of the system of child organs. In terms of pregnancy from 10 weeks 6 days before 13 weeks 6 days, all the fruits have similar parameters, after 14 weeks of gestation, the child begins to develop individually, which is laid genetically. In addition, the thickness of the collar space and nasal bones is measured. Based on the data obtained, the risk on Down syndrome has a fetus. The state of the placenta is important.

Normally, the free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A make up from 0.5 to 2.0 mΩ. Risks on chromosomal anomalies should be higher than 1: 380 in all indicators.

In your case, 2 indicators do not fit into normal: the free subunit of beta-hCG and the high risk of Down syndrome by age is reduced.

Dowon syndrome risks are made automatically by a special computer program, taking into account a number of factors.

The decrease in the beta-hCG indicator may indicate the presence of a chromosomal anomaly in the fetus in the form of Edwards syndrome, about placental insufficiency or threatening spontaneous miscarriage.

Any of the reasons requires an immediate counseling of the obstetrician gynecologist. If necessary, you will be appointed necessary therapy. In addition, you are shown to consult genetics, since you fall into a group of high risk on Down syndrome. Genetics according to indications will appoint an additional study in the form of amniocentes.

Hello! Help please, blood did not give up, as the doctor said that it was already too late, the last period of 16.05, on the ultrasound, they didn't have, asked when there were an ultrasound previous 18.04 and did, all the data that is in the ultrasound: term 13, 5 weeks, CTR 75 mm, UPD 22 mm, heart rate 172 (during an ultrasound cried, maybe therefore) TVP 1.7, the nasal bone, blood flow in the venous duct Pi 0.96, there is no trickspeed regurgitation, the markers ha no, the anatomy of all +, limbs +, uterus and all without features, cervical length of a twusion 43 mm zev closed, DPM A Uter DEXPI- 2, 56, A Uter Sinpi 1.95, this is all the data that is, I want to pass the genetic trip, but the doctor said to wait 2screening and I understand it because you can't put a period, can I hand over the top three for the term of this ultrasound and could such that all the same period of 16.05 is true, and not from 18.04 or listen to the doctor and wait for the second screening? Anxiety causes the fact that I saw Redoxin 10 on the first weeks of pregnancy, as it turned out, I'm afraid that it would not affect the child, I saw a week, a doctor from comments on this subject abstained, thanks in advance for the answer!

I am 25, weight 90, the first baby is healthy.

If we assume that the last periods were 16.05, then you currently have 11-12 weeks of gestation. If the last period of 18.04, the term of pregnancy is 15-16 weeks.

To answer your question about the period of pregnancy, you need to know:

1. Were there previously failures in the menstrual cycle?
2. Were there previously intermented allocations?
3. Do you have concomitant diseases such as hypertension, diabetes or thyroid diseases?
4. Do you have gynecological diseases, including the erosion of the cervix and hormonal diseases?
5. Did you hand over the pregnancy of sex hormones?
6. In what time of pregnancy did you steal about maternity accounting? What was on gynecological examination?
7. How did the last menstruation proceeded? Were there any changes in them?
8. Have you taken reducesin 10 for appointment and under the control of the doctor?
9. Why when receiving a low-speed you did not protect against the occurrence of pregnancy?
10. How many duration did you take the drug?
11. Your height?

The term of pregnancy is exhibited by the results of the first ultrasound screening. This is due to the fact that all the fruits on the period of pregnancy 10 weeks of 6 days - 13 weeks of 6 days have a similar size.

Ultrasound and biochemical studies are held in terms of gestation 10 weeks of 6 days - 13 weeks of 6 days. At the same time, blood is surrendered strictly after an ultrasound, which is associated with obtaining the result for a particular period of pregnancy.

If you alone alone the blood on chromosomal markers, it is possible to incorrect interpretation of the data obtained.

If we assume that normal menstruation was 18.04, then the following data is obtained.

• The fetal CTR in 13 weeks 5 days varies from 59-85 mm.
• CIS Fetal Norma at the 13th week of pregnancy is 147-171 beats per minute.

An increase in the indicator may be associated with your emotional state or point to oxygen starvation of the fetus. It is necessary to know the state of the placenta. If there are pathological changes in it, it is necessary to go through the appropriate therapy. The second option, re-ultrasound.

• TVP in 13-14 weeks of gestation should be 0.7-2.7 mm, the average value is 1.7 mm.
• The nasal bone should be clearly visualized and be more than 3 mm.
• Bloodstock in the venous duct is normal has no negative value and regurgitation.
• The cervix has a length of 35-45 mm, the internal and outer zev is closed.

Reduxin 10 is a drug for the treatment of obesity of the central action. It has strict readings to use. During pregnancy, his reception is prohibited, since there are no data on its safety for the fetus. It is necessary to accompany the rigorous contraception.

Hello! Thanks for the answer, the locative cycle without delay, always on time, without discharge out of monthly, it turned out that I passed the hormones and everything was normal, Reduxin appointed a doctor to cause a positive trend towards weight loss, took 7 days from 10.05 to 16.05, 16.05 month went and lasted about 12 hours almost as usual, but meager, then ended did the test 16.05 and it turned out to be a positive, before the reception of the Reduxer also did a test, that is, 06.05 and 08.05 were negative, hormones handed over 06.04 all within the normal range, I wanted to pass the top three But in the center of the reception they said that I myself can not pass even for a fee and also advised the second ultrasound (the fact that the data could be false positive or falsely negative) about the prevention of the doctor did not say anything (endocrinologist) I warned that an attempt to get pregnant just from March and tests were negative, specially waited for menstruals 18.04 To understand the delay or not, the test did not alone, I can not understand how it happened after ma Mouth was protected, most likely if it was conceived from 18.04 than from 16.05, I think so, I will go on an ultrasound 15.08 to confirm or refute the deadline that exactly all parameters told the nose, hands, legs, in general, then with this ultrasound I will go to the genetics, since my gynecologist Plotless can not explain anything and say! Thank you!

Good day! Help please decrypt 1 screening analyzes. I am 31 years old, 3 pregnancy, term on ultrasound (by CRT) 12 weeks + 5 days, obstetric period 12 weeks. CSS 155 ul / m, CRT 64.0 mm, TVP 1.8 mm, the bone of the nose is determined. Free Beta-unit Hvorch 179.0 IU / L / 4,171 MOM, RARR-A 5,270 IU / L / 1.722 MOM. Trisomy 21 Basic risk 1: 556 Individual risk (basic + ultrasound + bh) 1: 5616.Trisomy 18 Bases. Risk - 1: 1359, ind. Risk 1: 27185. Trisomy 13 Basis. Risk 1: 4264, Ind. Risk 1: 85276.

Among the screening of the first trimester of pregnancy, you have normal indicators and deviation from the norm. Consider everything in detail.

Ultrasound examination includes not only the definition of the CTR, TVP, CSS Fetal and the visualization of the nose bones, but also gives a general idea of \u200b\u200bthe development of the fetus due to the indication of all its size and the state of the placenta. In addition, after the study, a conclusion is given about the possibility of the development of Down syndrome by the fetus. This indicator is calculated by the automatic program.

We will analyze the ultrasound indicators you presented.

• The term of pregnancy in a month and ultrasound coincides and amounts to 12-13 weeks.
• Fruit Czech in 12-13 weeks of gestational period varies from 150 to 174 shots per minute.
• The Fetal CRT is 12 weeks 5 days 50-72 mm.
• A TVP is normal located in the range of 0.7-2.5 mm.
• Nose bones are clearly visible and their thickness is more than 3 mm.

These indicators are within the normal range.

We will analyze the results of biochemical screening.

Normally, the free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A are in the range of 0.5-2.0 hours.

Risks in all chromosomal anomalies should be higher than 1: 380. All indicators, less than this level fall into a high-risk group.

In your case, the risks of chromosomal anomaly in the fetus do not fall into a high-risk group. However, beta-hCG indicators and Pappa-A are overestimated.

An isolated increase in PAPPA-A does not carry a diagnostic value.

Increased concentration of beta-hCG may occur:

In order to make sure that the child has no pathology, you need to immediately contact the gynecologist. After mapping all data, the doctor will decide on the further tactics of your pregnancy. You may need to consult genetics.

Hello, please tell me, I really need help in deciphering the 1st screening.

I am 27 years old, 2nd pregnancy planned, the first baby is healthy. Last day of menstruation 08.05.

The results of the ultrasound (duration of the ultrasound 11for 3DN): CTP 46, BPD 18, heart rate 174, TVP 6.2. The result of biochemistry: RARR-A 0.907, HCG 0.717, risk Tr.18 1: 293, Tr.21 1: 1581, Tr. 13 1: 1153

The result of the second ultrasound on another apparatus after 6 days: KTR 59 (compartment compound 3d), BPD 19 (acc. 13 weeks), heart rate 165, TVP 4.6, nasal bone 1.7, Pi 0.90, VI The ventricle 2.8, the peculiarities of the fruit cannot be eliminated by the presenter of both brushes, the umbilical cord 3 vessels. CONCLUSION: Expansion of TVP and VI ventricles as markers ha.

Is it possible to talk about any incurable diseases and what is my risk that the child will be born sick?!

Genetic says that, according to such indications, pregnancy can not be interrupted and recommends the biopsy of Chorion and the control ultrasound.

Decipher the first screening research. Norms for the 11-12th weeks of pregnancy make up:

In your case, the marker of chromosomal anomaly in the fetus is a TVP.

According to the results of biochemical screening, the free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A must be within 0.5-2.0 hours, and the risk values \u200b\u200bare higher than 1: 380.

You have an increase in the risk of the birth of a child with trisomy 18 pairs of chromosome, or Edwards Syndrome.

We will analyze the second screening study. There is an increase in the child, respectively, the period of gestation. Norms for the 12-13th week of pregnancy make up:

• CTR - 51-59 mm;
• BPR - 18-24 mm;
• Heart rate - 150-174 impact per minute;
• TVP - 1.6-2.5 mm;
• nasal bone - clearly visualized, the average value is 1.8 mm;
• VI ventricle - 10-15 mm.

Pathological indicators are the extension of the VI ventricle and the excess of the indicator of the TVP.

Another pathology on ultrasound is the preacial polydacticity of both brushes in the fetus. Pathological state is manifested by doubling the fingers. This vice can be isolated, and may occur in the composition of chromosomal pathology in the fetus.

Pregnancy term 12 H 6 d on CTR

CSS Fetal 167 st. / Min.

Venous duct PI 0,890

Chorion / Placenta Low on the rear wall

Pupovina 3 vessels

Markers of chromosomal fruit pathology:

Nose bone: determined; Dopplerometry of the tricuspid valve: normal

Hgch 61,4 i / l equivalent to 1, 805 mom

RARR-A 1,569 IU / l Equivalent to 0.528 MOM

Uterine ARTERY PI 1,49 Equivalent to 0,930 MOM

Trisomy 21- Bases. Risk 1: 452 / ind. Risk 1: 498

Trisomy 18 - Bases. Risk 1: 1110 / Ind. risk< 1:20000

Trisomy 13 - Basis. Risk 1: 3480 / Ind. risk< 1:20000

Preeclampsia to 34 weeks. Pregnancy 1: 4142

Delay in the development of the fetus up to 37 weeks of pregnancy 1: 482

Spontaneous childbirth up to 34 weeks 1: 197

Gynecologist, as I understood, drew attention to the risk of trisomy 21, in particular, too "approximate" index ind. risk to basic. Also told about the research method by fence blood from Vienna for DNA analysis (the procedure is not cheap). Please tell me whether there is a sense in this study, which the doctor told, with such testimony. Preparate in advance!

You passed the first screening study of the fetus in the form of an ultrasound and biochemical blood test.

I would like to clarify a few questions:

1. Were pregnancy earlier and how ended?
2. Are there any children with Down syndrome or other chromosomal pathologies?
3. Conclusion on ultrasound at risk of birth of a child with Down syndrome.
4. Concomitant pathology.
5. Gynecological diseases.

We will analyze the data provided by you.

Norms for 12-13 weeks of pregnancy make up:

• KTR -MM;
• TVP - 1.6-2.5 mm;
• Bpp -mm;
• venous duct - does not have a negative and reverse value;
• pupovina - 3 vessels;
• nose bone - it is clearly determined.

These indicators are within the normal range.

The location of the placenta may be any, however, it should be highlighted above the cervical level. On this pregnancy, the low location of the placenta is allowed. As a rule, over the term of pregnancy occurs its lift up. In order to avoid the threat of spontaneous miscarriage and bleeding, I recommend you to refrain from sexual life until the next ultrasound.

Biochemical screening allows you to conduct a study of blood to markers of chromosomal anomaly in the fetus: trisomy 13, 18 and 21 pairs of chromosomes.

Normally, the indices of the free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A should be from 0.5 to 2.0 hours.

Risks on chromosomal anomaly should be higher than 1: 380 in all indicators.

You find the results of the study in a high-risk group on premature births up to 34 pregnancy weeks, which requires increased attention from the doctor.

The indicator of trisomy 21 pairs of chromosomes, or Down syndrome, on basic and individual risks are close, but do not fall into a high-risk group.

Perhaps your doctor meant another research method, since the non-invasive prenatal diagnosis on congenital chromosomal pathologies you passed. Most likely, the gynecologist suggested you to pass a biochemical screening in the second trimester of pregnancy to exclude pathology in the fetus.

You should clarify the details of your attending gynecologist, which in the presence of readings will assign additional methods of research.

Found the name of the procedure:

Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis on congenital chromosomal pathologies

Help disassemble the fruit of 153ud / min. CTR 73,0mm. TVP 1.90mm. Supplied beta subunit hgch-101,20m / l / 2.715m RARR-3,208M / L / 0.513M. Trisomius21 Basic risk 1: 699. ADIVAL RISK 1: 361 Trisomy18. Basic risk 1: 1780 Individual risk 1: 35604. Trisomy 13 Basic risk 1: 5564 Individual risk 1: 111279

I would like to communicate with you in email if you do not care please

July 11, 2017 Blood was taken to 1 screening and an ultrasound exploration of the fetus. Uziste put the average. CPR - 52mm, CSS-160, TVP - 0.7mm, the bone of the nose is determined (I also see the photo itself). August 18 (more than a month!) Finally, the results of blood came - HCG - 76.9 IU / L, PAPPA- 0.373 IU / l. The risks of trisomy21 - 1: 222 (attention zone), trisomy 1: 706 (attention zone), trisomy 13 1: 1722. Send to genetics. The first child, no hereditary diseases, no deviations in the family too. I am a healthy person in all indicators. But: I know for sure the day when we and I tried and tried. Since, in the form of family circumstances (Mother's Music Diseases), it could not be on another day. And in principle, the child is conscious. This is May 1, 2017. Accordingly, the period cannot be more than 10 weeks, it can be 9 weeks and 5-6 days, for example, (the conception is not always on the day of PA). Among other things, if the term is put on the coccicco-dark size, that is, we have a feature in the family - my native father was born with a weight of 5,2kg (and they have all 3 children with such weight), Mom 4.2 kg. I am 3,3kg - normal weight. But still in the family all born large. I am very worried about possible deviations. But, as far as I understand, with a smaller actual period and hormone indicators should be less. Yes, and the TVP is small.

In order to respond correctly to your question, the following data is required:

• The first day of the last menstruation.
• Do you have a menstrual cycle regularly? Its duration.
• Did you do the tests for ovulation? If so, what?
• Full painting of ultrasound screening with a conclusion at risk of child's development with Down syndrome.
• Results of the free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A in units of IOM research. The remaining indicators are individual for each laboratory and can differ significantly.

Since it is not known when you had the first day of the last menstruation, it can be assumed that you have an early ovulation. The same explains the difference in 7 days between your estimated period of pregnancy and data on ultrasound screening.

For the period of gestation, ultrasound studies are taken. Up to 12 weeks of gestational period, the growth of the fetus is the same. An individual increase begins after the 12th week.

For the 11-12th weeks of pregnancy, the ultrasound norms are as follows:

• CRT - 34-59 mm;
• CSS Fetal - 150-174 impact per minute;
• TVP - 0.8-2.2 mm, but not more than 3 mm;
• nose bones on the 11th week of pregnancy are clearly visualized, but not measured.

By risks after biochemical research, all indicators must be more than 1: 380. Data below - fall into a high-risk group.

In your case, you need consultation genetics. In the presence of the testimony, you will be asked to undergo an invasive study of the fetus to determine the chromosomal pathology.

Help please decipher the results! I am 27 years old. On a monthly period 12 Nerchel and 4 days at the time of the guise of Priset 1, and on ultrasound on the same day 13 weeks. And 2 days. CRT 67 cervical fold 2.6 mm nasal bone 2.1 mm. The result of Rarr-A 6, 13 SPR. MOV 1, 79, FB-HCG 42, 7 Slim Much1.33. Biochemical risk 1: 5252, double test 1: 8589 Age risk 1: 872. Trisomy 13/18 + NT 1: 10000

To fully decrypt the status of the fetus, there is not enough data. You need to know:

• the full picture of the ultrasound screening indicating all the size of the fetus: the BPR, the abdomen circle, the thigh length;
• conclusion According to the results of ultrasound screening, indicating the risks on the development of Down syndrome in the fetus;
• CSS Fetal;
• state of internal organs;
• the number of vessels of umbilical cord;
• size, condition and location of the placenta;
• data from your anamnesis.

Normal disengagement in the deadlines for ultrasound screening and monthly is considered within 7 days. The term of gestation depends on the moment of ovulation, which may be not only in the middle of the cycle, but also be early or late.

Normal values \u200b\u200bfor the first ultrasound screening on the period of pregnancy 13-14 weeks the following indicators are considered:

• CRT - 54-78 mm;
• TVP, or cervical fold, is in the range of 1.7-2.7 mm;
• the nasal bone is clearly visible at an ultrasound study, and its thickness is in the range from 2 to 4.2 mm.

According to the results of biochemical screening, the free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A must be between 0.5 to 2.0 mΩ, other units are individual for each laboratory. Risks for all indicators of chromosomal anomalies are normal above than 1: 380.

For accurate information on the state of the fetus, you need to contact an obstetrician gynecologist at the place of residence. By the totality of all data: anamnesis, ultrasound and biochemical screening, the doctor will respond to all your questions.

Good day. Help sort out the screening results. Conducting ultrasound and blood test 12 weeks 5 days Data on ultrasound: CRT 69mm BPD 21mm Fetal heartbeat: Determined, heart rate 166 UD / min. Pi: 0.91 Thickness of the collar space: 1.6mm The nasal bone is visualized: 2,1mm anotomy of the fetus: bones of the skull of the skull: b / about brain structure: M-ECHO: b / o spine: b / o stomach: b / o Front abdominal wall: b / o vascular plexus: b / o ventricle IV: four-chamber heart cut: b / o bladder: used upper and lower limbs: b / o Yellow bag: Not visualized by Amnion: Features: b / o preferential Localization of the Village Chorion: Rear wall of the uterus, the thickness of 13 mm The structure of Orion: b / about the vessel of the uterus walls: b / o ovaries: in the right yellow body 23mm Conclusion: Uz-signs of progressive pregnancy, 13 weeks blood test data: PRISCA I Test Test Associate With pregnancy protein A (RARR-A): 0.95mm / ml Free B-subunit 26,40G / ml

For the term of pregnancy, 12-13 weeks later, it is customary to:

• CRT - 50-72 mm;
• BPR - 18-24 mm, the average value is 21 mm;
• CSS Fetal - 150-174 impact per minute;
• Pi - the indicator must have a positive value with the lack of regurgitation;
• TVP - 0.7-2.5 mm, the average is 1.6 mm;
• the nasal bone is clearly visualized, its thickness varies from 2 to 4.2 mm;
• anatomy of the fetus - without features;
• chorion thickness - 10.9-19.8 mm;
• the structure of chorion - without features, is located high above the inner zev;
• amnion - without features;
• yellow body - 10-30 mm.

The data you specified are within the normal range.

To conclude, you need to know the risk on the Down syndrome in the fetus according to the results of ultrasonic screening, which is calculated automatically by a special computer program based on all the data obtained and the history of the woman.

To decrypt the results of biochemical screening of data, very little. You need to know:

• indicators of the free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A in a unit of measurement unit, which is universal for all laboratories and is normal from 0.5 to 2.0;
• when specifying other units of measure, such as MME / ml or ng / ml, it is necessary to give values \u200b\u200bof normal indicators that are different for each laboratory and are indicated when issuing results;
• risks for the presence of chromosomal anomalies from the fetus: trisomy 13, 18 and 21 pairs of chromosomes, which are normal above than 1: 380.

Good day! First pregnancy

26 years. Pregnancy 12 weeks. 6 d. Screening Ultrasound: CRT 83mm, BPR 25mm, heart rate 155 UD / min, TVP 2.1mm, nose bone 2.5mm. Biochemistry results: HCG 44.78 IU / l / 1,430 MOM, RARR-P 4,456ME / L-0.646 MΩ. What is the probability of Down syndrome

Hello, I am 31 years old, made genetic screening to the 1st trimester, these are the results, help to figure out:

2nd pregnancy, 62.5kg, at the time of screening 30 years11 months, computing disease Chronic autoimine thyrhyditis.

Recent monthly 17.05. Ovulation 05.06. (Late ovulation, the time to suffer less that they write)

Ultrasound: KTR 43.5. Nose bones 2.3mm. Heart rate 172ud / min. The thickness of the collar space is 1.5mm.

Pregnancy term 11/13.

free beta-hgch 200. 4.01m;

PAPP-A 1.19. 0.69m

Biochemical + NT 1:86

Dual test\u003e 1:50

Emergency risk 1: 565

Trisomy 18 + NT<1:10000

Earlier the term is 16 weeks, made ultrasound, everything is normal, without deviations. Passed the test for AFP and screening 2nd trimester, waiting for the result.

Thanks for the answer.

You have several important questions left for you:

1. How did they check ovulation? What tests were used?
2. What ended the first pregnancy?
3. Do you accept levothiroxine tablets, euticox or others about chronic autoimmune thyroiditis?
4. Do Endocrinologist watch?
5. What are the indicators of TSG?
6. Do you have hypothyroidism?
7. The size of the fetus: BPR, OH, dB.
8. Conclusion on the risk of Down syndrome according to the results of ultrasound screening.
9. Whether you sent you to a consultation to genetics.
10. Were you or your close relatives, children with chromosomal pathology.

For the term of pregnancy, 11-12 weeks of the norm are indicators within:

• CTR - 42-50 mm;
• nose bones - clearly visualized;
• TVP - 0.8-2.2 mm.

Biochemical indicators of the first screening The free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A in the norm varies from 0.5 to 2.0 mΩ.

You have a beta-hgch indicator higher than 2 times. This may be due to:

Risks on chromosomal anomalies are normal above 1: 380 in all indicators.

According to biochemical research, you fell into a group of high risk for the birth of a child with chromosomal pathology.

I recommend to wait for the results of the second screening, turn to the attending obstetrician-gynecologist and in the presence of testimony - to genetics. The question of the feasibility of visiting genetics is solved individually for each woman.

Good day! I ask your consultation. 2 Pregnancy, 13 weeks. And 3 days. 40 years. Weight 70.4. Ultrasound and blood: CRT 72 mm, BPD 22 mm, Lz 29 mm, OG 82 mm, HEA 71 mm, thigh thickness 11 mm. CSS 158. TVP 2.1 mm. Nose bones are visualized, 2.6 mm. Chorion thickness 19 mm, on the rear wall of the uterus. In the rear wall of the uterus, the interstico-subserosic myomatous node with a diameter of 47 mm is locked. Hypertonus myometrium on the front wall of the uterus. Free beta subunit hCG 23.30 IU / L / 0.658 MOM. RARR-A 2,170 IU / L / 0.616 MOM. Basic risk: Trisomy 21 - 1:69. Trisomy 18 - 1: 174. Trisomy 13 - 1: 545. Individual. The risk of trisomy 21 - 1: 827. Trisomia 18 - 1: 3486. Trisomy 13 - 1: 2476. I understand that there is always a risk, no one is insured. But I would not like to make amniocentsis and similar analyzes. Thank you in advance.

Hello, your consultation needs

A monthly period of 12 weeks, on ultrasound 14 weeks.

Beta -Subienenitsa hgch: 13,68 me / l / 0,455

RARR-A: 1,574 IU / l / 0,426

Triamos 21: Basic: 1: 504

Trimmosia 18: Basic: 1: 1328

Triamos 13: Basic: 1: 4139

The risk of hypertensive disorders

Risk of preeclampsia to 34 weeks 1: 2017

Fetal growth delay up to 37 weeks 1: 282

Doppler Mastery Arteries:

Average blood pressure 83.4 mm Hg. Equivalent to 0.960 MΩ

Mother's age is 32 years old

You left a few questions:

1. Do you have regular menstruation regular.
2. If the menstrual cycle is irregular, the minimum and maximum period of occurrence of menstruation.
3. According to the results of the ultrasound, the term of pregnancy is exactly 14 weeks or, for example, 13 weeks of 6 days.
4. Were you pregnancy, as they proceeded. There were complications during pregnancy and childbirth.

If the gestational period is 14 or more weeks, ultrasound screening is non-informative to detect risk on the fetus syndrome.

According to the results of the first ultrasound screening on the period of pregnancy 14 weeks, the indicators must be within:

• Heart rate - 146-168 beats per minute;
• CTR - 63-89 mm;
• TVP - 0.7-2.7 mm;
• the thigh length is 9.0-15.8 mm;
• blengths in the venous duct - has a positive value in the absence of reverse.

According to the results of biochemical screening, the figures must be within the following limits:

• Free subunit of beta-hgch - 0.5-2.0 hours;
• PAPPA-A - 0.5-2.0 IOM;
• risks to develop anomalies of the fetus - above 1: 380.

You have increased the risk of rewinding the growth of the fetus on the period of pregnancy up to 37 weeks. This means that with the same indicators, this risk for the fetus has one of 282 women.

Hello! Please advise.

According to the results of the first screening at 12 weeks and 4 days

hgch was 0.45 mom

HCG free b-subunit 18

Trisomy 21: Basic

Trisomy 18: Basic

Trisomy 13: Basic

I did not suit me the hCG indicator and after a few days I passed it again ..

Term 13 weeks and 1 day

Free B-Subdenser 15

HCG 59026,47 MME / ml

RARR-A Plasma protein 6,56 me / ml

Tell me please, it is normal that the hCG is reduced? Or is it talking about something?

I will be very grateful for the answer..

1. Have you been to the advice of the attending physician with research results?
2. What were the tests of ultrasound and biochemical screening?
3. Risk value for trisomy 18 pairs of chromosome on the results of biochemical blood test.
4. The state of the placenta.
5. Your overall condition: painful sensations at the bottom of the abdomen, the presence or absence of bleeding out of sex tract, toxicosis.

By ultrasound screening on the period of pregnancy 12-13 weeks, the indicators are normal:

You do not specify the values \u200b\u200bof the indicators of the first biochemical screening, except beta-hCG. Without data, the conclusion is impossible to give.

Indicators must be as follows:

The reduced rate of beta-hCG can be observed at:

I recommend that you immediately apply to the gynecologist at the place of residence to obtain reliable information on the research results. If there is an indication, you will be recommended to consult genetics with additional research methods.

Good day. Help sort out, I am very worried. IM 33 years old. Pregnancy 2. Weight 46 kg.1 -Berability ended with childbirth (kid healthy). Ultrasound made a genetics from a doctor at 12 weeks 4 days, according to the results - all the indicators are normal, the fetal violations were not found. But the edible placenta prelations. At 12 weeks, 6 days did biochemical screening: according to the results of PAPP-A (IOM) - 1.78, and the HCG free (IOM) -2.21. How to understand it? (very worried)

1. How true pregnancy occurs.
2. Is there a toxicosis.
3. Are there any pain at the bottom of the abdomen or bleeding from the genital tract.
4. Why did the first ultrasound of a genetic doctor? Were testimony for this.
5. As previous pregnancy and childbirth flowed.
6. Do you have accompanying diseases in the form of diabetes or other pathologies.

According to the results of biochemical screening, the following data must be in the norm:

• indicators of the free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A - 0.5-2.0 IOM;
• risks for all indicators - higher than 1: 380.

In your case there is a slight increase in beta-hCG. This indicator may increase with:

The regional presence of the placenta is the location of the placenta in the field of the inner sewage, but does not go beyond its limits.

Diagnosed edible placenta pregnancy in the first 16 weeks of pregnancy requires increased attention from the gynecologist. If there are no complaints, bleeding from sex tract, and the general condition of the patient is satisfactory, the maintenance is carried out outpatient.

In the event of complaints, hospitalization is carried out in the hospital.

• visiting the baths, saunas;
• performing any physical exertion;
• sex acts.

As a rule, with increasing uterus, the placenta is raised upwards, which is determined on the second ultrasound. If the placenta does not rise, the patient maintenance is carried out according to the treatment protocols.

Goodnight. Help decipher the results, very please! The term of pregnancy at the time of screening 12 weeks 2 days (32god):

T 21 B 1: 473 and 1: 179

T 18 B 1: 1129 and 1: 17730

T 13 B 1: 3550 and 1: 14695

free beta hgch 90.90

PI 1.740 uterine artery

Cervical Channel Length 33

In terms of pregnancy, 12-13 weeks, federation indicators are:

• Heart rate - 150-174 impact per minute;
• CTR - 51-59 mm;
• TVP - 0.7-2.5 mm;
• BPR - 18-24 mm;
• Og - 58-84 mm, mean value - 71 mm;
• Co. - 50-72 mm.

The data you specified are within the normal range.

You specify the biochemical screening data in the data, the decryption of which is indicated individually for each laboratory. The international unit of measurement of the free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A is a one for all laboratories. The norm is indicators from 0.5 to 2.0 mΩ.

Risks According to the results of the study in all indicators should be higher than 1: 380. Indicators less than 1: 380 are high risk.

In your case, you fell into a group of high risk to the birth of a child with trisomy 21 pairs of chromosome, or a Down syndrome according to an individual calculation. It can be assumed that you or your close relatives had children with Down syndrome.

In order to determine whether your child is sick, you need to consult genetics. If there are testimony, you will be asked to carry out an amniocentsis or other invasive study. According to the results of the Fetal DNA study, the presence or absence of genetic anomalies will be determined.

Good day. I would like to get a little consultation. IM 33 years old. The term of pregnancy. Screening results RARR-A-0,473 MOM, BHG-1,494 MOM. Risk on trisomy 21 1: 189. With ultrasound examination of the signs of HRP and markers of chromosomal anomaly, it was not revealed.

According to ultrasound of 12.6 weeks of TVP 2.2 mm, the bone of the nose is 2.0 mm, CSS 158 beats per minute. Genetic said that there is a risk, and it is necessary to do ultrasound up to 20 weeks. To be honest, I did not quite understand, there is no risk on the ultrasound, but there is a blood test. Everything did one day. They confused completely and bump caught up. I worry that puncture will lead to miscarriage.

In order to reliably answer your question, little data. You must specify:

1. What is your pregnancy?
2. What finished previous pregnancy, if they were.
3. In the case of childbirth, as pregnancy proceeded, whether the fetus deviations were based on the results of the study, there is a pathology in a child.
4. If there were abortions, then there were interruptions of pregnancy in medical testimony.
5. Are there any children with Down syndrome among relatives.
6. Full painting ultrasound with all the data: the size of the fetus, the state of the placenta, the conclusion at risk of Down syndrome.

Based on the data provided by you, you can draw the following conclusions.

The norm on the first ultrasound screening in 12-13 weeks of the gestational period is the following data:

The norm of biochemical screening are:

• free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A - 0.5-2.0 IOM;
• risks for all indicators - above 1: 380.

In your case, on the basis of all data, a high risk on the Down syndrome has a fetus. This means that a child with chromosomal pathology can be born from one woman out of 189 with the same data as you.

If the genetic believes that you have readings to carry out amniocentesis, it is worth listening and go through the procedure.

Amniocentesis is performed under the control of ultrasound. Complications arise in very rare cases.

Help me please. Delivered analyzes at week 11 and 6 days. Results on ultrasound:

KTR-52, BPR-17, CHS-164, TVP - 1.6 (Mom 1.15), Nose - 1.6

Betachgch-71.5 ng / ml (vertex \u003d 1.54)

Papp-A - 1.29 MIU / ML (Sorrow \u003d 0.48)

I am 29 years old, pregnancy first, fruit 1

Biochem Risk + NT 1: 760

Dual Test 1: 265

Age Risk 1: 681

Trisomy 13/18 + NT<1:10000

You have passed the dual screening test of the first trimester of pregnancy, which includes:

• ultrasonic Fruit Research;
• blood biochemical study.

In order to give a conclusion about the development of your pregnancy, very little data. You need to know:

1. Regularity of the menstrual cycle.
2. Whether the period of pregnancy coincide over a month and ultrasound.
3. Were in the family children with developmental anomalies, including Down Syndrome.
4. Full description of ultrasound screening:

• head circumference;
• abdominal circumference;
• thigh length;
• symmetrical whether hemispheres of the brain;
• brain structure;
• state of internal organs;
• the number of vessels in umbilical cord;
• venous blood flow;
• state of the placenta;
• conclusion On the risk of Down syndrome in the fetus.

1. According to the results of biochemical screening:

• risks on chromosomal anomalies.

In terms of pregnancy, 11-12 weeks of the norm at the first ultrasound screening should vary within the next limits:

• CTR - 40-58 mm;
• BPR - 13-21 mm;
• Heart rate - 153-177 blows per minute;
• TVP - 0.8-2.2 mm, the average value of 11 weeks and 6 days is 1.6 mm;
• nose bones - clearly visualized, their thickness begins to be determined from the 12th week of gestational period.

According to the results of biochemical screening, the indicators must be:

• free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A - 0.5-2.0 IOM;

In your case there is an increased risk of the birth of a child with chromosomal anomaly. This means that with the same indicators as you may have the birth of a child with pathology in 1 woman out of 265.

I recommend that you contact the gynecologist to choose further tactics of your pregnancy. You may need a consultation of genetics, the testimony for which only the attending physician can determine.

Good day! I really ask you to help understand ultrasound examination. I'm 34 years old. Second pregnancy and second childbirth. For 12 weeks 3 days. How do I understand my bone deviations of the nose and TVP? Somewhere there are still written indicators, not the norm. Is this there can also be deviations from development? How can these fetus deviations threaten? Very worried.

Vault of skull -norm;

TVP 2.4 (standard up to 2.37)

Front Br. Rostka - Norm

Bladder - rate

Limbs n-norm, normal

Czud. 1 min.

SVD yolk bag

Scroll through 3 vessels - fuzzy

I would like to get more information to give a correct conclusion about the development of your child:

1. Features of the first pregnancy.
2. What were the testimony for Cesarean section. The operation was performed as planned or emergency.
3. What conclusion on the risk of Down syndrome is set up according to the results of ultrasound screening.
4. Whether you have been a biochemical screening of the first trimester of pregnancy.
5. Did you have a consultation of genetics?
6. Were in the genus chromosomal pathologies.
7. Do you have complaints about pain at the bottom of the abdomen.

According to the data you specified, you can draw the following conclusions.

In terms of pregnancy, 12-13 weeks, indicators on the results of ultrasound screening should be within the following limits:

• CRT - 50-72 mm;
• TVP - 0.7-2.5 mm;
• nasal bones - 2-4.2 mm;
• Heart rate - 150-174 impact per minute;
• blengths in the venous duct - positive, has no reverse;
• scar thickness - more than 5 mm;

Differences in the norms of ultrasound can be due to the class of ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus. In this case, it is necessary to navigate the values \u200b\u200bof normal indicators for a particular laboratory.

In the presence of the testimony, you will be asked to undergo a consultation of genetics with a invasive research method.

In addition, you need to pass a biochemical screening that will allow you to put risks for a number of chromosomal pathology.

good day! Help sort out the screening results. Term 12 weeks.

chorion: High in the front wall

pupovina 3 vessels

Biochemistry of maternal serum:

RARR-A 1.258ME / l / 0,378 MOM

The expected risk of trisomy 21,18,13:

trisomy 21: Basic risk 1: 996; Individi.Risk 1: 19913

trisomy 18: Basic risk 1: 2398; Individual Risk 1: 3064

trisomy 13: Basic risk 1: 7533; Individual Risk 1: 21322

Specify several important issues:

1. Your age.
2. What a given pregnancy in the account.
3. Full painting ultrasound with a conclusion at the risk of Down syndrome in the fetus.
4. The thickness of the nasal bone on the ultrasound.
5. Your overall condition, complaints of pain at the bottom of the abdomen, bleeding from sex tract or other.

For the term of pregnancy, 12-13 weeks. Screening ultrasound indicators should be as follows:

• Heart rate - 150-174 impact per minute;
• CRT - 47-67 mm;
• TVP - 0.7-2.5 mm;
• BPR - 18-24 mm;
• nose bone - clearly visualized, more than 3 mm.

The nasal bone begins to be visualized from the 11th week of pregnancy, and its thickness begins to be evaluated from the 12th week of gestational period.

These data of the ultrasound research are within the normal range.

The results of the biochemical study in the norm must be as follows:

• free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A - 0.5-2.0 IOM;
• risks on chromosomal anomaly - more than 1: 380.

In your case, according to the results of a biochemical blood test, there is a decrease in beta hCG and PAPPA-A.

Reducing beta-hCG may be at:

• edwards syndrome;
• ectopic pregnancy;
• placental insufficiency;

Reducing the PAPPA-A indicator may be at:

• cornelia de Lange syndrome;
• down syndrome;
• edwards syndrome;
• high risk of spontaneous miscarriage.

Hello, Irina Vyacheslavovna! Help, please decide on the risks. I am 35 years old, the pregnancy of the fifth (two children, two miscarriages). On the first screening 12 weeks 6 days on the ultrasound, a golf ball, heart rate 160, TVP 1.8, nose bone 2.2, biochemistry-hgch 0,306. RRRA 2.002M. Basic risk on Down syndrome 1: 225. Individual 1: 4498. The genetics came only after the ultrasound of the second screening (22 weeks). On the echo-kg of the fetus only moss ball 2mm, everything else without pathologies. Genetic with the go to me stated me that I have a big risk on the SD. And it considers in my case the risk is basic! Wrote-0.5 percent. Worried very much, how do you think is it?

P.S. At the first screening, the urozhestan (400mg per day) took a breakfast at 6 am, the analysis passed at 12.00. Could there be an error?

In order to talk about your child's condition, you need to know:

1. Dates of spontaneous miscarriage.
2. Was the cause of miscarriage.
3. What a survey was, the treatment and planning of the subsequent pregnancy was after miscarriage.
4. The age of the child's father.
5. Whether you have signs of threatening spontaneous miscarriage at the time of screening research in the form of pain at the bottom of the abdomen or bleeding out of the genital tract.
6. The cause of late turns to genetics.
7. What were the recommendations of genetics after consultation.
8. Full painting Uzi in the first and second trimesters.
9. Did you have a second biochemical screening.
10. Have you been amended by the results of biochemical analysis on the reception of urezheptan.

The horphon syndrome is an ultrasonic marker in the form of a hyperheogenic intracardiac focus. The average size of formation is 1-6 mm. More often found in the papillary muscle of the left ventricle. The golf ball is microcalcinates in muscle tissue.

A golf ball is often one of the dowon syndrome markers. However, microcalcinates may also be in normal fetus development.

By the time of birth, in most cases, the golf ball disappears on its own.

In 12-13 weeks of pregnancy, the norms for ultrasound screering are as follows:

• Heart rate - 150-174 impact per minute;
• TVP - 1.6-2.5 mm;
• nose bones - clearly visualized, 2-4.2 mm.

Blood on biochemical screening for rent strictly on an empty stomach. It is undesirable to not even drink water. When receiving a hormonal drug, you needed to clarify this when the analysis is surrender. The results of the study were to be adjusted.

According to the results of biochemical research, the norms are as follows:

In your case there is a decrease in beta-hCG indicator, which can be related to:

• edwards syndrome;
• ectopic pregnancy;
• placental insufficiency;
• high risks of spontaneous miscarriage.

Taking into account the intake of urezheptan, it may assume that you had a risk of losing pregnancy.

I can not exclude pathology from the fetus. Only invasive study in the form of cordo-beacon, biopsy of chorion or amniocente can be reliable, depending on the period of gestation.

You missed the deadlines when you could make an additional examination.

With the same indicators as yours, the risk of the child's birth with Down syndrome is 1 case by 225 birth.

Hello, help sort out the results! I am 35 years old, 6 pregnancy, 2 children, 3 abortion. Ultrasound 12.4 weeks. CSS 154, CRT 59, TVP 1.63 venous duct 1.21, nasal bone 1.94. Free beta subunit HCG 30.9 IU / l equivalent to 0.836 MΩ, RARR-A 0.096 IU / l Equivalent to 0.167 MOM.Trisomia 21 Basic risk 1: 233 individual 1: 616, trisomy Basic risk 1: 557 Individual 1: 356, Trisomy 13 Basic RTKS1: 1751 individual 1: 1706

I would like to get answers to the following questions:

1. Have you or your close relatives have children with chromosomal anomalies.
2. There were abortions for medical testimony.
3. The age of the child's father.
4. Complaints characteristic of the threat of spontaneous miscarriage: pain at the bottom of the abdomen, bleeding.

For the term gestation, 12-13 weeks of ultrasound ultrasound screening are as follows:

• Heart rate - 150-174 impact per minute;
• CRT - 49-69 mm;
• TVP - 0.7-2.5 mm;
• venous duct - a positive value with the absence of reverse values;
• nasal bone - 2-4.2 mm.

Data for biochemical screening is normal to:

• beta-hgch - from 0.5 to 2.0 hours;
• PAPPA-A - from 0.5 to 2.0 mΩ;
• risks for all indicators more than 1: 380.

Reduced PAPPA-A level may be at:

• cornelia de Lange syndrome;
• down syndrome;
• edwards syndrome;
• threat to premature abortion.

In your case, you fall into a group of high risk on the birth of a child with trisomy 21, or Down syndrome, and 18, or Edwards syndrome, chromosome couples.

Hello! The indicators are as follows:

free beta hgch 4, 83 me / l 0, 123 mom

RARR-A 1,010 IU / L / 0.355 MOM

Trixomia 21 Basic 1: 962 Official 1: 19247

Trixomia 18 Basic 1: 2307 individual 1: 201

Trixomia 13 Basic 1: 7248 individual 1: 6131

Pregnancy 12 week 6 days

All other indicators for ultrasound in normal

Hello, I am 35 years old. Made genetic screening, result (high risk of SD only on biochemistry). According to the results of the ultrasound at the date 05.10.2017. -11 weeks 5 days, CTR 50.7 mm, heart rate 162, thickness of the collar space of 1.5 mm, the length of the nasal bones of the fetus 2,1 mm, the 2.3mm yolk bag, the age risk 1/336, the risk border 1/250, calculated Risk 1/236. At the time of delivery, I took and accept Duphaston on 1tab twice a day, there was a threat of bleeding were from 11.08 to 09/03/2017, and no one warned me that the analysis is surrendered to TSUK. FB_DBS (conc.10.0) (correspondent 2.32). But at the same time, the doctor says that a hormone is raised due to Duphaston ... .. I did not understand her, I could not even explain it. I do not know. Perhaps not for sure. etc. I have a TSTG analysis 21.10.17 for TSG hormones showed 6.18 at a rate of 0.27-4.20. Could this analysis also affect? Help please explain to me what and how. In advance, thank you very much for any answer.

1. Whether you had pregnancy than they ended.
2. Were in the family children with Down syndrome or other chromosomal pathology.
3. Full painting ultrasound screening.
4. Full picture of biochemical screening.

Norms of indicators for 11-12 weeks of pregnancy make up:

• CTR - 39-57 mm;
• CSS Fetal - 153-177 beats per minute;
• TVP - 0.8-2.2 mm;
• the average length of the nasal bones is 1.4 mm, while the bones are clearly visualized, and their size begins to be evaluated from the 12th week of gestational period;
• SVD of the yolk bag - 4.2-5.9 mm;
• risks - more than 1: 380.

According to the results of biochemical screening, the norms are:

• free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A - 0.5-2.0 IOM;
• risks for chromosomal anomalies - more than 1: 380.

Increased beta-hCG levels may be as a result:

• high risk of Down syndrome in the fetus;
• severe toxicosis;
• endocrinological pathology, including diabetes mellitus.

Indicators may vary in case of incorrect analysis if it was put on an empty stomach.

If you have passed an analysis of an empty stomach, but adopted Duphaston, it was necessary to inform the laboratory assignment to the results of the biochemical research to be adjusted.

• visit the endocrinologist to adjust and appoint the necessary treatment of thyrotoxic goiter with subsequent re-passing analysis;
• observed during pregnancy not only in the gynecologist, but also in the endocrinologist;
• take advice genetics;
• pass the second biochemical and ultrasonic screening;
• if there are indications to undergo invasive diagnosis in the form of amniocentesis for accurate detection of the state of the fetus.

1. The pregnancy was eco / at the moment natural.

2. Shipping to Cesarean section were associated with the fact that eco pregnancy, but the childbirth began

suddenly, in 37 weeks, everything as it should be and watered and the contractions began. As a result, I had an emergency operation, I didn't like the doctor (dark brown, + neck did not open). In the umbilical cord was 1 artery (the hypockey of the fetus was not during pregnancy).

3. Chromosomal pathologies in the family was not.

4. In the days of screening were short-term pain at the bottom of the abdomen.

I'm 34 years old. Second pregnancy. 1y child healthy 4 years.

Vault of skull -norm;

Nasolabial triangle - rate

TVP 2.4 (standard up to 2.37)

Front Br. Rostka - Norm

Bladder - rate

Limbs n-norm, normal

Heart rate - 160 wt. 1 min.

Bloodystock in venous pi - 1.14

4-chamber cutting heart - norm

SVD yolk bag

Scroll through 3 vessels - fuzzy

Preferential Chorione Localization: Front Wall

The structure of chorion is not changed

Number of vessels in umbilical cord -3

The place of attachment of the umbilical cord to the placenta from the edge of 3.3mm, the norm.

Features: Hypertonus on the front wall. Mimometer thickness. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe scar of 6.7 mm.

Conclusion: Fruit corresponds to 12.5 weeks.

The next day, went to another laboratory and to another specialist to do ultrasound. 18. October 12 weeks 4 days. Results:

Skull arch without features

Butterfly without features

Stomach without features

Front Br. Rushka without features

Bladder / kidney without features

Facial angle without features

Spine without features

Limbs without features

Venous duct without features

Conclusion: Fruit corresponds to 12.6 weeks of pregnancy Risk Ha.

Analyzes on the same day:

Biochemical risk + NT at the sampling date 1\u003e 50 above cut-off threshold

Age risk at the sampling date 1: 284

Triosomia 13/18 + NT 1: 5396 below the cut-off threshold.

PAPP-A 3.45 MLU / ML 0.76 SPR.

fB-HCG 72.8 NG / ML 1.80 SPR.

On the 3-4 obstetric week did the nose X-ray due to a strong runny nose not knowing about pregnancy. What a gynecologist was informed with 5 weeks of pregnancy. Currently, something has scored a direction to genetics. But for some reason she believes that I have low indicators, although I understand the biochemical risk + NT at the sample date 1\u003e 50 above the cut-off threshold - is it a high risk of the child's birth with Down syndrome? And the age risk is also high? Or do I not understand something? Thanks for the answer.

For the week gestational period of the norm as follows:

• CRT - 50-72 mm;
• BPR - 18-24 mm;
• TVP - 0.7-2.5 mm;
• nasal bones - 2-4.2 mm;
• Heart rate - 150-174 impact per minute;
• blengths in the venous duct - positive, has no reverse.

According to the results of the second ultrasound, there are deviations in the form of an increased TVP and the reduced value of the nose bone indicator. This may be evidence of the presence of chromosomal anomaly from the fetus.

We will analyze the results of biochemical screening:

• free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A - 0.5-2.0 IOM;
• risks of chromosomal anomaly - above 1: 380.

Beta-hCG and PAPPA-A in your case are within the normal range.

According to the research results, you fall into a risk group for the birth of a child with chromosomal anomaly.

In your case, consultation of genetics, which can make the following recommendations:

• completely the second screening: biochemical and ultrasonic;
• complete invasive diagnostics of the state of the fetus:
• amniocentesis - in 16-20 weeks of pregnancy;
• cordsenthesis - at 22-25 weeks of pregnancy.

Based on all data, genetics will be able to conclusion about the development of your child.

Ultrasound for 12 weeks of pregnancy: heart rate 165; CTR 54; TVP 1.6mm, nose bones are determined

Free hCG 26,49 / 0.490m; Rarr-A 4,162 / 1,091m

Trisomy21- Basic risks1: 734, IndiB.Risk1: 14683

Trisomy18- Basic risks1: 1707, IndiB.Risk<1:20000

Trisomy13-basic risk 1: 5376, IndiB.Risk<1:20000

Hello. Help please decipher the results of the biochemical screening of 1 trimester. They said that he got into the risk group, very worried. Age 33 years, height 166, weight 51 kg

Ultrasound a period of 12 weeks 5 days.

CTR 63.1, TVP 1.6, PI- 1.23, BPR - 18.4, OG- 70, RAN - 55, dB -7.8, DNA-2.3 mm, BZh-2.0 mm, ultrasound markers Chromosomal diseases are not detected.

Biochemical screening: heart rate - 156, CTR - 63.1, TVP - 1.60, nose bone is determined by PIVP 1,23

Hgch 265.00 me / l / 6,953 mom

RARR-A 4,140 IU / L / 1,164 MOM

Trisomy 21 Basic risk 1: 389, ind. Risk 1: 154

Trisomy 18 Basic risks1: 946, ind. Risk 1: 18928

Trisomy 13 Basic risk 1: 2970, ind. Risk 1: 59399

Hello. Help please figure out in the first screen. I am 34 years old, the weight of 93. Anomalies neither for me, no husband in the family was not. The first day of the last menstruation 06.08.17. PRECEMENTS Was identified by SAH. Diabet 2 type. The first days are also accepted by Duphaston and the Utrezhal, because the threat of miscarriage. What is the result of ultrasound. Berennivnya. CTT-49 mm, the heartbeat is determined, CSS-176 UD / min. Istly bag is visualized-5 mm. SPA-1.1 Bone bone 2.2.BPR-16 mm.lzr-20 mm. iz-52 mm. Bedro-4.8 mm. Blosscho-4.3 mm. Fruitatomy: Butterfly +. The call +. Agello +. Before the abdominal wall +. Skull Vault + .moiling bubble +. Connectivity +. The trial Localization of Chorione: Rear wall of the uterus. Toleschina-12mm. Khorion structure: not changed. 58mm.mm is closed. Blood analyzes. PSB. Beta-subunit hCG 0.231 MOM.PAPP_A-0.651ME / L / 0.142 MOM ..

Trisomy 21 Basic 1: 271, individual 1: 1261.

Trisomia 18 1: 612, individual 1:33.

Trisomy. 13 1: 1933, individual 1: 174. Thanks for the answer.

Help disassemble the conclusion of screening: on biopsy Down syndrome 1: 155, HCGB -NG / ML 105.0 Normal Norma 2.20, PAPP-A -MM -3981.80 - Norma 1.17, PigF- 21.9 MOM 0.53 , NK- 1.7 mm, TVP - 1.2 mm, CTP - 60 mm, BPR- 20.7, OG-73 mm, coolant - 63 cm, UPR Norm, Sat Rhythm Right, Down Syndrome: Low Risk, 1 : 10207 not biopsy

Screening was held weekly, I am 31 years old

Good day! Help sort out the conclusion of 1 screening. Screening was held at 12 weeks 1 day.

Uzi - term 12 weeks +1 days by CTR

Heart rate fruit / min

HCG - 68.70 IU / N / 1.661 MOM

RARR-A - 5,118 IU / N / 1.638 MOM

For doctors LCD: An individual risk from 1: 101 and above (1: 102, 1: 103 ....) It is considered low

trisomy 21 - Basic risk - 1: 595, ind. Risk 1: 11895

trisomy 18 - Basic risk - 1: 1397, ind. Risk 1: 20000

trisomy 13 - Basic risk - 1: 4397, ind. Risk 1: 20000

Forgot age to indicate - 30 years, in the age of 2 frozen pregnancy for 7 weeks.

Good day! Today was the first screening. Help me to understand. The term is 12 weeks. I am 32 years old, the second pregnancy, the first went fine, gave birth to a healthy baby 2 years ago. There are no children with deviations and syndromes. Ultrasound said that everything is normal, but the blood results are not very good and the doctor called them scissors. Indicators:

Chorion high on the front wall

Pupovina 3 vessels

The nose bone is determined; Dopplerometry of the tricuspid valve norm.

No fruit sizes, only Description:

Head / brain looks normal

The spine looks usually

Heart 4-chamber slice normal

Belly looks usually

Bladder / kidneys are determined

Hands, legs: are determined, both visible

Trisomy 21: Basic 1: 447; Individual (basic + ultrasound + bh) 1: 1770

Trisomy 18: Basic 1: 1033; Individual (basic + ultrasound + bh) 1: 20652

Trisomy 13: Basic 1: 3255; Individual (basic + ultrasound + bh) 1: 65092

It seems that all the indicators are normal, but I am worried about blood results (Biochemistry of mother serum):

HCH: 120.65 IU / l / 2.807 MOM

RARR-A: 0,584 IU / L / 0,496 MOM

Tell me how big the risk of pathology and should worry, and then I have already faced myself.

The following questions remained to you:

1. Your weight.
2. Your height.
3. Do you have concomitant diseases: diabetes, thyroid disease, hypertension and others.
4. Do you take any drugs.
5. As pregnancy flows: there is a toxicosis or signs of interrupting pregnancy, including pain at the bottom of the abdomen or selection from sex tract.

In terms of pregnancy, the following indicators are considered 12 weeks for ultrasound scrolls:

• CSS Fetal - 150-174 impact per minute;
• CTR - 51-59 mm;
• TVP - 1.6-2.5 mm;
• BPD - 20 mm;
• chorion - located high above the inner yawn on the front or rear wall or in the bottom of the uterus;
• pupovina - has 3 vessels;
• nose bones - clearly visualized, more than 3 mm;
• internal organs - without features.

According to the results of biochemical screening, indicators are considered:

• free subunit of beta-hCG and PAPPA-A - from 0.5 to 2.0 hours;
• risks for all indicators - more than 1: 380.

In your case, an increase in beta-hCG indicator is noted, which may indicate:

• down syndrome;
• multiple pregnancy;
• toxicosis of severe;
• diabetes mellitus.

The increase in beta-hCG level can be called:

1. to pass the second biochemical screening on the period of pregnancy 16-20 weeks;
2. in the presence of testimony - to pass the consultation of genetics.

1. The miscarriages were in terms of 7 and 9 weeks.

2. The tricks were not installed.

3. Next was not, but before the real pregnancy (immediately after the miscarriage, I took 3 months by Regulon, after the cancellation immediately became becoming unplanned)

4. TRAST WORK 45 years old.

5. The volunctions were not, but I went to the screen for 100km on the bus, then it was about 1km on foot, because I have never been to the regional center, I was looking for a LCD. Maybe something left there and overvolt.

6. The gynecologist did not send to the genetics, said that he would send after the second screening.

7.Henetic explained the risks, I refused the cordo-beer, the time-analysis after the birth of a child on Ha only remains.

8. Suzy 1 screening CPR 62, heart rate 160, TVP 1.8 Nose backrest length 2.2 EchoFocus in the left ventricle MKA-golf ball. The term is 12 weeks of 6 days.

Ultrasound 2 Screening BPR 53, Lobno-Gilt Size 69, Left Thigh Bone 34, Skin 30, Shoulder 32, Livestick 29, 190mm Head Circle, Abdomen's Diameter 50, Right Palai Bone 34, Right Skin 30, Right Shoulder 32, Expert 29. Anatomy of the fetus-all without features. Features - in the left ventricle EchoFocus.

9. On the second Biohim. Screening at 17 weeks (did in our laboratory, I then lay in a hospital with an increased tone, passed 2 days before discharge directly in the hospital) AFP 73.7 IU per ml, HCHMME per ml. Utrezhastan was 200mg per day.

10. I did not do the performance on the uremines.

If, when you ultrasound at 32 weeks, the golf ball will not detect, does it mean that there is no CD or all the same analysis after birth?

Thanks for additions to your question.

Based on all the data provided by you, I can draw the following conclusions.

You needed a prescription of genetics consultation on time no later than 18-20 weeks of pregnancy, taking into account:

• the presence of two spontaneous miscarriages in the early stages;
• lack of examination after miscarriage;
• your age - 35 years;
• the age of your husband is 45 years;
• having a child's birth risks with chromosomal anomaly based on the results of ultrasound and biochemical studies;
• the presence of Uz-marker chromosomal anomaly from the fetus.

If you were visited by genetics, it would be possible to carry out an additional invasive research method.

To establish your child's condition, you needed to pass the cordocentsis proposed by genetic. The risks of pregnancy interruption after the procedure are available, however, only an invasive study would give you an answer to all your questions.

On the state of the child and its chromosomal anomaly can be judged only after the survey results. In your case, it is necessary to check the child after childbirth.

Ultrasound examination allows you to identify the risks of development of one or another pathology in the fetus, while the diagnosis is not exhibited. An additional more accurate study is necessary.

Hello Irina, decrypt my screening.mne42 year, third pregnancy, third childbirth, diabetes mellitus 2Type, 12 weeks five days. CBS 169; CTR 63; TVP 2.00mm; nasal bone is determined; venous doper flower docker 1.00; Hgch 28,87th / l / 1,100m; rarar-2,281m / l / 1,116m

Trisomy 21 Basic 1:43 Ind1: 864

Trisomy 18. Basic 1: 105 Ind1: 2101

Trisomy 13 Basic 1: 330 Ind1: 6594

Hello Irina Vyacheslavovna. Help decrypt my first screening.

I am 38 years period 12 weeks + 5 days by CTR.

CSS Fetal 158 UD / min

The bone of the nose is determined.

Free Beta -Sube HCG -17,47MM / L / 0.528 MOM

RARR-A 2,129 IU / L / 0.719MOM

Trisomy 21 Basic 1: 109 Official 1: 2177

Trisomy 18 Basic 1: 265 IndiB.1: 5295

Trisomy 13 Basic 1: 831 individual 1: 16618

Help please, I do not find myself place very much.

Irina, good afternoon!

I am 28 years old, term 12.1 (time at the time of ultrasound)

CSS Fetal 164 Ud / min

life Cycle IOM PAPP-A program - 0.89; FREE HCGB - 2.78

aSTRAIA IOM PAPP-A program - 0.98; FREE HCGB - 3.38

Down syndrome 1: 1718 (LIFE CYCLE), 1: 10667 (Astraia program)

Edwards Syndrome 1: (Life Cycle), 1: 35817 (Astraia program)

Pataow Syndrome 1: (Life Cycle), 1: (Astraia program)

Turner Syndrome 1: (Life Cycle)

Triploil 1: (Life Cycle)

Thanks a lot in advance.

Irina, good afternoon!

Help, please decipher the results of the first screening.

I am 30 years old, term 12.1 (time at the time of ultrasound)

weight - 63kg, height 162cm

First pregnancy, anomalies in the family on my side or husband - was not

CSS Fetal 162 Ud / min

Intermersional (BPD) - 20,0mm

Chorion / Placenta - Low on the front wall

surfall waters

pupovina - 3 vessels

the head / brain - look normally, the spine looks usually, the front abdominal wall looks usually, the stomach is determined, the bladder / kidneys are determined, the hands / feet are visible both.

free beta subunit HCG 21.9 IU / l Equivalent to 0.595 MOM

PAPP-A - 6,182 IU / l Equivalent to 2,544

Trisomy 21 Basic risk 1: 573 / individual 1: 11451

Trisomy 18 Basic Risk 1: 1366< 1:20000

Trisomy 13 Basic risk 1: 4293< 1:20000

Thanks a lot in advance.

Hello! Help please deal with the results of the tests.

pregnancy at the time of delivery of analyzes 12 + 5 days

there was no deflection and defects on the related line of anyone with deviations and vices.

pregnancy Second (first without pathologies) child 10 years

Hgch 17,32 me / l / 0,571m

RARR-A 2,283ME / L / 1.141M

trisomy 21 individual 1: 777, Basic 1: 15536

trisomy 18 individual 1: 898 Basic 1: 37967

trisomy 13 individual 1: 5955 Basic 1: 119098

please tell me whether there is a risk of birth of a child with pathology based on analyzing data.

Hello, please help figure out.

Screening 12 days and 4 days

Weight: 62.45 Height: 165 Age: 35. First Menstruation Day: 09/25/2017

Nose bone: determined; Doppler of the TrickupSidal Valve: Norm; Dopplerometry of the tricoxidal valve: norm; Venous duct dollartometry: 0.80;

Loose beta subunit hCG: 104.00 me / l / 2.003m

RARR-A 0.696ME / L / 0.313M

Trisomy 21: Basic (1: 245) Individual (1: 1265)

Trisomy 18: Basic (1: 587) Individual (1: 11743)

Trisomy 13: Basic (1: 1845) Individual (1: 18268)

The doctor sent to the general agent. What's wrong?

Hello, help please figure out!

Scringing 1 trimester

term for DPM -12 week + 0 day.

the term of the CTP - 12 weeks + 3 days.

age - 42, height 160 cm, weight 77.2, Pregnancy -1 (Natural)

Smoking, diabetes, heredity - no

visualization is limited to the position of the fetus

The bone of the nose is determined

B - hgch - 33.68 me / l - equally 0,898 mom

RRR- A - 2,341 IU / L EQUAL 1,101 MOM

Risks basic Individual

Trisomy 21 1:44 1: 890

Trisomy18 1: 107 1: 2139

Trisomy 13 1: 336 1: 6721

Uzist said that everything is fine, the doctor did not say anything ...

And something read your article and captured? In risks, confused at all!

thank you for your reply

Hello me 24. Ultrasound 12 above. 6 before.

VN +, NK +, brushes +, feet +, butterfly +, urinary +, stomach + on +, RF +, NPP +

Comer residents 1.6 mm, nasal bone 3.4 mm

Heartbeat 156 D.M.

Normal motor activity

Corresponds to 12 above. 6 days Low placentating

Free b-hgchch 0,380

RARR- A 1.330 MOM

Source risk 21 1: 988, 18 1: 2446, 13 1: 7665

Revised risk 21 1: 7048, 18 1: 17451, 13 1: 54678

Genetic said there are deviations, you need to transmit the blood of an ad

Hello help to figure out! 25 years old, ultrasound 13 weeks + 2 days by CTR. CSS 154, CTP 71.0; TVP 1.70; PL 1.01; HCG 13,60; \\ 0,362 MOM. PAPP-A 0.998; \\ 0,644 MOM.

trisomy 21 Basic 1: 964 (Individual 1: 19274) Trisomy 18 Basic 1: 2432 (Individual<1:20000) трисомия 13 базовый 1:7607 (индивид <1:20000)

Hello! Help disassemble the free beta subunit hCG 1.379m, PAPP-A 0.695; Trisomy 21 Basic 1: 887, Individual. 1: 9064, 18 trisomy bases. 1: 2137 Individual.<1:20000, трисомия 13 баз. 1:6712 индивид. <1:20000

Hello! Tell me the risk of Dauna syndrome. Indicators 1 screening are the following

nose bone visualizes

trickspecial regurgidation was not identified

blength commission PI 0,91

hCGB 177.3 MOM 3,55

pAPP-A 3430.2 MOM 1,14

Hello. Today they made screening12 weeks, according to the protocol. Indicators: CTP-51.7 CHss-159, TVP - 1,2 nose-1,5 BPR-13.8 - 11.6. I worry about TVP, and BPD.

Good afternoon, according to the results of the first screening, the conclusion on the ultrasound was that suspicion of the Armediary was not identified, but serum indicators were such (pregnancy term 12 weeks)

loose beta subunit hCG: 12.9 IU / l / 0.298 MOM

Arr-A: 1,180M / l / 0.389 MOM

Trisomy 21 Basis. Risk 1: 936 individual 1: 18727

Trisomy 18 bases. Risk 1: 2244 individual 1: 1550

Trisomy 13 Bases. Risk 1: 7052 Official 1: 20000

The doctor did not give any explanations, sent to 2 screening of 20 weeks.

After the second screening, the conclusion of the doctor the following "Abdominal bubble vein has a right-hand drive, a gallbubble is located on the left of the umbrella vein, as-combining the right umbilical vein."

Appointed advice from genetics, but in our city they are only on recording. He was recorded on the reception, but wait for him for a long time. Already all was walked. I do not know what to think. The doctor did not give any explanations again. Help to figure out, please

This study makes it possible to identify the serious early beginning of the SIR at the end of the second trimester and the beginning of the third. The oxygenated blood from the placenta enters the umbilical vein, then into the venous duct, the upper part of the lower vein and the right atrium. The diameter of the venous duct is much smaller than the diameter of the umbrella vein and the lower hollow vein, the rate of blood flow increases.

The connection of certain changes in the indicators of blood flow with severe fruit pathology has been established.

To study these vessels it is necessary that the apparatus have the functions of color doppler mapping with a pulse-wave mode.

In the second half, with a physiologically occurring in the Underground Vienna, there is no continuous blood flow with a low speed without ripple. Pulsation is determined in the early period of pregnancy or in the compression of umbilical umbilicals or hypoxia of the fetus. Low amplitude pulsation is associated with the respiratory movements of the fetus, so during this period measurement is not performed.

Pulsation more reflects the heart function, rather than vascular resistance in the placenta. When squeezing umbilical umbilical pulsation is observed during systole. Pulsation at the end of the diastole phase serves as a threatening feature and indicates severe hypoxia of the fetus.

In the venous duct the speed of blood flow above. This vessel is located closer to the heart, so blood flow reflects the atrium function. The bleeding velocity form is a three-phase curve. In the hypockey of the fetus, the minimum value of the blood flow wave increases due to the back pressure due to the reduction of the atrium. As a result, there is a decrease in blood flow rate into the late diastole phase, up to zero or negative values.

For the lower vein hollow, a similar three-phase curve is characterized, and during the reduction of the atrium, reverse blood flow is often determined here, so the value of Doppler mapping of this vessel is minimal.

1. Visualize umbilical umbilical cord and vein. In order to investigate the blood flow curve in the vein of umbilical cord, in the image of the vessel set the control volume, check that the inconsection angle is not the smallest and register the range of blood flow.
2. Conduct an umbilical vein throughout the place of entry into the front abdominal wall before joining the liver.
3. Using the color doppler scanning, the increase in blood flow rate in the final duty station is revealed, where the immediate continuation of the latter is the narrower venous duct.
4. Install the control volume on the image of the initial segment of the venous duct. In order to get a good signal, adjust the direction of the angle of the inxiation so that it is less than 30 °. The venous duct differs from the nearby lower hollow and hepatic veins of a slightly hissing sound.

• Protocol of Doppler Studies Artery Pupovina

• Free Floating Pup Line

• Installation of the control volume on the artery image of the umbilical

• Subacle an angle of inconception

Need to remember

1. The study of the artery of the umbilicals best allows you to predict the state of the fetus.
2. A larger clinical significance is lack of diastolic blood flow cord or its reverse direction, rather than various indices.
3. The decrease in the venous flow rate of blood flow to the late diastole phase to zero or negative values \u200b\u200bindicates hypockey of the fetus.
4. Pathological pulsation in the umbilical vein, corresponding to the diastolic component of blood flow in the artery of umbilical bodies, indicates severe hypockey of the fetus.
5. The appearance of early diastolic excavation in the uterine arteries of an early diastolic gauge may indicate an increased risk of preeclampsia development and a SIR.