Another shake-up of the pension system may be the most serious in many years. To begin with, it was decided not to pay old-age benefits to working millionaire pensioners. The next, it seems, will be resolved the issue of promotion retirement age... Chances are good for much more radical reforms, up to and including a complete rejection of the state part of the pension.
220 thousand people may lose their pension in the near future. For so many working pensioners, according to the calculations of the head of the Ministry of Labor, Maxim Topilin, payments may be stopped from 2016 or 2017. The measure will affect citizens with an annual income of over 1 million rubles. "This is 83 thousand rubles a month" - it could have been calculated without the minister, but, apparently, the government understands it this way.
Taking into account the fact that there are more than 41 million pensioners in Russia (14.3 million working pensioners), there are not many "lucky ones". The main blow will fall on Muscovites (about 200 thousand workers out of 2.8 million pensioners). It is in the capital that the maximum concentration of highly paid pensioners is. Average earnings in Moscow are almost twice as high as in Russia (61 thousand against 32 thousand rubles as of November 2014). At the same time, many are approaching retirement age at the peak of income or slightly below, which is why they continue to work.
This plan has almost one hundred percent chances of becoming a reality: the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Economic Development and representatives of both chambers of parliament support it. "If the decision is eventually passed and does not cause protests, then the amount will most likely start to move down or be left in place, but over time the million will not be a very large amount due to inflation," notes an informed interlocutor of Deneg who asked for anonymity. And "Dengi", in turn, is going to follow specific bills: the probability that pensions of security officials and officials will be withdrawn from this initiative is also close to 100%.
In addition, the Ministry of Finance proposes to introduce an additional contribution of 1% of salaries to the PF budget. Thus, the tax burden on working citizens will grow to 14% (1% plus 13% of personal income tax). This can give the budget about 170-200 billion rubles. per year, which is clearly not enough to cover the PFR budget deficit (623 billion rubles). The chances of this proposal are not so great; in December 2014, President Putin proposed a moratorium on tax increases for the next four years. However, if we are talking about a hasty, without serious public and expert discussion, adjustment of the just carried out pension reform, it can be assumed that now this is also possible.
On February 18, at a meeting with Prime Minister Medvedev, other plans were also discussed. The Ministry of Labor proposed to gradually increase the minimum seniority for retirement for teachers, doctors and creative workers. Today the experience of teachers is 25 years, of medical workers - 25 and 30 years when working in the countryside and in the city, respectively. From 2016, it is planned to increase it in increments of three months per year. This could affect about 20 thousand people a year. The chances of acceptance are high, the source of Deneg believes: "The decision on teachers and doctors is likely to be eaten up - preferential pensions for them are still a relic of the past."
The topic of extending the freezing of pension savings was also discussed at the meeting, but there is no decision yet, Topilin said. The head of the Ministry of Economy Alexei Ulyukaev had previously spoken extremely negatively about this idea. Freezing the funded part of the pension is a de facto increase in taxes in order to reduce the PFR deficit. The money that went to the employee's personal account will go to the general money box to pay for the current expenses for the payment of pensions. The first decision to freeze pension savings was made in the fall of 2013 and came as an absolute surprise. Then officials assured that it was a temporary measure, now, cynics say, "it has become even more temporary."
However, optimists are not giving up yet. “It will not be possible to evade the creation of a full-fledged system of pension savings,” believes Anton Tabakh, director for regional ratings of the Rus-Rating agency. British NEST or New Zealand KiwiSaver ".
It's about age
The main problem of the pension system is different - the low retirement age. President Putin instructed to study the issue of raising it at the expert level, and then transfer it "to the level of working formats of the government," ex-finance minister, head of the Civil Initiatives Committee Alexei Kudrin, who participated in the anti-crisis meeting with the head of state on February 13, told reporters. And this is a breakthrough: earlier the head of state categorically rejected the idea.
Advocates for the increase talk about gradual reforms. Alexey Ulyukaev and Finance Minister Anton Siluanov propose a British scheme for a gradual transition. "The regime, when for new future pensioners, a schedule is set for about six months to increase the retirement age in a year, is reasonable. That is, relatively in ten to fifteen years to come from the current state to that hypothetical new state," Ulyukaev said. Thus, the retirement age for men at 63 will be set no earlier than 2021, and for women no earlier than 2031 (now the retirement age in Russia is 60 for men and 55 for women).
Opponents of the reform soften their positions. For example, the Ministry of Labor, which previously did not support the initiative of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Economic Development. "We need to compare this with life expectancy, compare it with the age, how many people live in our country after the retirement age, how many in other countries," Topilin said. Chairwoman of the Federation Council Valentina Matvienko (according to Deneg's observations, she can be considered a leading indicator of the Kremlin's official position) used to be against raising the retirement age, and now, judging by the RIA Novosti report, she is in solidarity with Ulyukaev and Siluanov.
Bodania with demographics
Stability pension provision not only in the Russian Federation, but also in the world is under the threat of negative demographic trends, namely the aging of the population. In 1950, in developed countries, according to the OECD, there were more than seven people of working age for one pensioner, in 1963 - six, in 1976 - five, and in our time - four. Population aging continues, and starting in 2023 this ratio will drop to three to one, and from 2047 to two to one.
In the 2000s, the West realized that an aging population can only be fed by raising the retirement age. Its bottom in OECD countries was reached in 1999 and was just under 62 years for men and 60.5 years for women. Over the course of 15 years, the retirement age has been gradually raised there and will continue to do so. In 2000, the average retirement age in OECD countries was 60.5 years for women and 61.8 for men, and in 2013 it was already 64 and 65 years, respectively.
In Russia, because of the low retirement age, things are worse. According to the average variant of the UN demographic forecast for Russia until 2050, by the end of the period the share of the population of retirement age will increase 1.5 times, while the share of the working age population will significantly decrease. As a result, the ratio of the number of people of retirement and working age will almost double, from the current 32% to 61% by 2050.
Emancipation issues
The traditional argument of opponents of raising the retirement age is the low average life expectancy in Russia. It is indeed much lower than the average for OECD countries (70.7 years versus 80 years). "Yes, our life expectancy is growing every year, but so far this indicator, especially the life expectancy of men, does not push to raise the retirement age," Matvienko quoted Echo of Moscow as saying in September 2014.
The key word here is "men". There is a gender gap at retirement age: women retire earlier than men. Moreover, the life expectancy of women is greater than that of men. Consequently, women spend much more time in retirement than men: on average, in OECD countries, men spend 16 years in retirement and women 21 years. Developed countries have taken the path of recognizing gender equality and are gradually reducing the gender gap (now, on average, only a year, and in most countries, men and women have the same retirement age).
Russia has not only one of the lowest retirement ages in the world, but also a huge gender gap - five years. The situation is aggravated by the difference in life expectancy for men (65.1 years) and women (76.3): it is the highest in Russia in the world - over 11 years. As a result, the expected time of retirement (life expectancy since the onset of retirement age) for Russian men living up to it is about 13 years (below the OECD average by three years), for women - more than 23 years (above the OECD average by almost for three years).
Accordingly, there are three times more female pensioners in Russia than male pensioners. According to Rosstat, at the beginning of 2014 there were 9.7 million men of retirement age, and 24.1 million women (in 2011 there were 8.9 million men and 22.8 million women). That is, despite the shorter life expectancy from the moment of birth, Russian women spend much more of their lives in retirement than women in developed countries, because their life expectancy since the onset of retirement age has long been above the OECD average. Now there are only 1.7 women of working age for one woman of retirement age in Russia, and 4.6 women of working age for one man of retirement age.
Hidden passage
“The retirement age in Russia has remained unchanged since the early 1930s,” says Oksana Sinyavskaya, deputy director of the Independent Institute for Social Policy. “Since then, the structure of industries, working conditions and content have changed, and workers, according to medical examinations, began to lose their ability to work later. But it was not profitable to increase the age limit: early retirement guaranteed a tolerant attitude of the population towards the size of payments. "
However, it is possible that this border will not be officially increased even now. After all, you can do it in hidden form, which has already been partially accomplished with the introduction of a point system. "The Finance Ministry's plan does not take into account the political component and, most likely, was thrown in so that everyone gasped and said: well, what was accepted is not scary. The question can be suspended, for example, they will introduce some age for an increased pension, 62 or 65 years. and pensions from 55 and 60 will simply not be indexed. Inflation will quickly devalue them, "notes the source of Deng, who asked for anonymity.
Another possibility is the introduction of means testing for the payment of pensions. This is the western version of the state pension for the poor, adopted, for example, in the UK. The applicant for a pension will have to prove that he needs it. A new order can be introduced from the same 55 and 60 years, and then, if everything goes smoothly, and further on to the older ages.
In this case, the pension turns into an allowance for poverty at an older age - not for everyone at first. Then the next step is logical - the transformation of the state part of the pension into "social benefits for incapacity for work, oriented in size to the minimum subsistence level of a pensioner." Let us remind you that this was the conclusion reached by the then first deputy chairman of the Central Bank Alexey Ulyukaev exactly three years ago (see "Money" of March 19, 2012).
So that the "extra penny" does not go sideways: in what cases should a teenager inform about his employment in the FIU?
On the eve of the summer holidays, schoolchildren and students were reminded of the need to report their employment to the Pension Fund.
In the summer, young people have a couple of free months. Some guys use them completely for recreation, while others seek to earn an additional "pretty penny" by getting a job. But there is a special category of young people who, when applying for a job, must notify the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. These are those students and schoolchildren who have been assigned a federal social supplement (FSD) to their pension in the event of the loss of a breadwinner, as well as those who have a compensation payment for caring for a pensioner over 80 years old or a disabled person of group I. It is important for them to know that, according to the law, FSD and care payments are set only for non-working citizens. And in case of employment during the summer holidays, the federal social supplement should be suspended, and the compensation payment for care should be terminated. If the territorial PFR office at the place of residence is not informed about employment, the funds will be considered received illegally and young people will be forced to return them voluntarily or through the courts.
To inform about the start of work and suspend payments, a schoolchild or student must contact customer service The Pension Fund at the place of residence or through the Personal Account of a citizen on the PFR website.
Recall that the federal social supplement is established for the pension of an unemployed citizen if the amount of his total material support does not reach the pensioner's subsistence minimum established in the region. So, in the Volgograd region for 2019, the living wage of a pensioner is 8,569 rubles per month.
Compensation payment in the amount of 1200 rubles is established for non-working able-bodied persons caring for disabled people of group I, as well as for pensioners in need of constant outside care after imprisonment medical institution or have reached the age of 80 years. Although the benefit is set for caregivers, it is paid at the same time as the pension for disabled citizens being cared for.
If you are the recipient of one of these payments, do not forget to inform the FIU institutions in case of employment during the summer holidays!
Now you can confirm your pre-retirement status on the PFR website
The corresponding service has appeared in the "Personal account of a citizen"
In connection with the change in the pension legislation in Russia, a new category of citizens has appeared - pre-retirees.
For citizens of pre-retirement age, many benefits and social support measures that were previously provided upon reaching retirement age remain. In addition, new benefits related to annual medical examination and additional guarantees of employment have been introduced for pre-retirees.
You can now find out whether you belong to the new category on the Pension Fund website www.pfrf. To do this, go to the "Personal account of a citizen" and in the section "Pensions" select "Order a certificate (extract) on the classification of a citizen as a citizen of pre-retirement age".
To use this service, you need to be registered on the State Services portal, that is, to have a confirmed account in the Unified Identification and Authentication System (Unified Identification and Authentication System).
Long work experience gives the right to early assignment of a pension
Federal Law No. 350-FZ of 03.10.2018 "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on the Issues of Appointment and Payment of Pensions" for the first time introduces the right to early retirement pension for citizens with long work experience. From 2019, you can go on a well-deserved rest two years earlier than the generally accepted retirement age for men with 42 years of experience (but not earlier than 60 years), for women with 37 years of experience (but no earlier than 55 years).
An important point - for the appointment of an early pension in connection with a long experience, only the insurance experience is taken into account, in fact, labor activity. Non-insured periods such as military service, parental leave, the period of receiving unemployment benefits, caring for the elderly and disabled, and others are not included in such length of service. Residents of the Volgograd Region can check the experience they have earned to date in the Personal Account of a citizen on the PFR website or on the State Services portal. An extract from the personal account containing information about the experience can also be obtained from the client services of the Pension Fund and Multifunctional Centers. If the personal account data does not take into account any periods of work, supporting documents must be submitted to the FIU in order for these data to be taken into account when assigning a pension.
How pensions will be assigned in 2019
In 2019, Russia begins a gradual increase in the generally established age, which gives the right to an old-age insurance pension and a state security pension. The law provides for a smooth transition to new parameters, in accordance with which the retirement age in 2019 is increased by one year. The real increase in this case will be six months - such a step will provide a special benefit that allows you to assign a pension six months earlier than the new retirement age. Everyone who was supposed to retire in 2019 under the terms of the previous legislation will be able to use it. These are mainly women born in 1964 and men born in 1959, who will be the first to be affected by the increase in the retirement age. Due to the benefits, they will begin retirement from July 2019.
For many Russians, however, pension payments remain within the same age limits. This primarily applies to people who have early retirement benefits. For example, miners and miners, rescuers, drivers public transport and other workers employed in difficult, dangerous and hazardous working conditions for which employers pay additional contributions to pension insurance. Most of these workers continue to retire at 50 and 55, depending on gender.
Preferential retirement is also retained for teachers, doctors and representatives of other professions, to whom payments are assigned not upon reaching retirement age, but after acquiring the necessary length of service. At the same time, from 2019, the appointment of a pension in such cases takes into account the transition period to increase the retirement age, which comes into force from the moment the required length of service is acquired in the profession. For example, a school teacher who has developed the necessary teaching experience in April 2019 will be able to retire in accordance with the transition period in six months, in October 2019.
As before, in order to assign a pension in 2019, it is necessary to comply with the minimum requirements for seniority and retirement points. The right to retire this year is given by 10 years of experience and 16.2 pension points. It should also be noted that raising the retirement age does not apply to disability pensions. They are preserved in full and are assigned to those who have lost the ability to work, regardless of age when establishing a disability group.
Individual (personified) accounting information - a way to quickly assign a pension
At present, it is possible to assign an insurance pension according to the information of individual (personified) accounting at the disposal of the territorial body of the PFR without providing information about the length of service and earnings, anyone can.
The appointment of a pension via the Internet is possible due to the fact that in the PFR personalized accounting system, in most cases, there is information about all periods of the insured person's labor activity.
Personalized accounting is the accounting of information about each citizen insured in the compulsory pension insurance system of the Russian Federation. In the system of rediscounting during a person's labor activity, the data necessary for assigning a pension are recorded: about the length of service, periods of work and other periods, places of work, about insurance contributions and the number of points earned. And wherever a person works at different periods of his life, information about him comes to the Pension Fund from employers and is stored there as individual.
It is not the first year that the website of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation (www.pfrf.ru) has been running the electronic service "Personal Account of a Citizen" *, the most popular section of which is about formed pension rights. In it, everyone can learn about their retirement points and experience. Through your personal account on the PFR website, you can also apply for a pension.
You can also enter your Personal Account through mobile app FIU for smartphones. In addition, a citizen can personally apply with a request to provide information on the state of the individual personal account of the insured person to any territorial body of the Pension Fund of Russia (at the place of residence or work), to the multifunctional center of state and municipal services, or by mail.
If a citizen believes that any information has not been taken into account or not taken into account in full, he has the opportunity to contact the employer in advance to clarify the data and submit them to the territorial body of the FIU at the place of residence. If the enterprise where the citizen worked no longer exists, you should contact a higher organization or archive.
At the same time, the territorial bodies of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation carry out advance work with citizens of pre-retirement age, which makes it possible to bring the data on the personal account of the insured person in full compliance with the documents that a citizen has for assigning a pension.
After familiarization with the information of individual (personified) accounting, consent can be submitted to the FIU in several ways.
When applying for a pension through the employer, the said consent is expressed by putting a corresponding mark in the application itself. The same mark can be filled in with the expression of the will of the citizen and when sending an application through the EPGU or LKZL.
* To use the electronic services of the FIU, you need to register and receive a confirmed account in the Unified Identification and Authentication System (ESIA) on the public services portal. At the same time, registration can be assisted in the client service of the FIU. If you are already registered on the portal, use your username and password.
Moms with three or more children will be able to retire earlier
From January 1, 2019, Federal Law No. 350 "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on the Issues of Appointment and Payment of Pensions" will enter into force. The document is aimed at a gradual increase in the retirement age. However, certain provisions of the law provide for earlier retirement for women. This applies to mothers with many children.
Women who have given birth to five or more children will continue to receive a pension at the age of 50. In addition, a mother of three children will be able to early retire at 57 years old, and who gave birth to four children at 56 years old. At the same time, for early retirement, mothers with many children need to develop a total of 15 years of insurance experience. One more condition - mothers of many children must raise children under 8 years of age.
Among the main conditions for changes in the pension system is a gradual increase in the retirement age for old age. The law establishes the generally established retirement age at 60 for women and 65 for men (now 55 and 60, respectively). The change in the retirement age will begin on January 1, 2019 and will occur gradually during the transition period until 2028. Transitional will last 10 years.
For those who were supposed to retire in 2019–2020, there is a special benefit - retirement six months earlier than the new retirement age. For example, a person who, according to the new retirement age, must retire in January 2020, will be able to do so as early as July 2019. Raising the retirement age at the first stage will affect men born in 1959. and women born in 1964).
During the transitional period to increase the retirement age, all federal and regional benefits in effect as of December 31, 2018 will remain. As before, women will be able to use them upon reaching 55 and men upon reaching 60 years. Similarly, within the limits of the previous retirement age, the appointment of a funded pension and other types of payment of pension savings remains.
Raising the retirement age does not affect current pensioners - recipients of insurance pensions and state security pensions. They will continue to receive the required pension and social benefits in accordance with the previously acquired rights and benefits.
According to the current legislation, every working citizen of the Russian Federation can count on pension payments in the future, but what they will be - for the bulk of the population remains a mystery, shrouded in darkness. Previously, the main thing in calculating a pension was seniority, without which, one could not count on a pension. Now you can receive the minimum pension without even having worked officially for a single day.
Pension types
Most often, the pension is received by age, but this is not the only possible option. There are 4 types of pensions established by law:
1. Old age: paid to men after reaching 60 years of age, women - after 55 years.
2. For the length of service: a pension is awarded for a certain length of service in military or public service without regard to age. The experience is considered not only continuous - all periods are summed up. In the case of federal public service, it must be 15 years and be continuous for the last 12 months. For military personnel, the length of service required for calculating a pension depends on rank, gender, the presence of diseases and injuries sustained in the line of duty.
3. For disability: paid for legally established disability and total insurance experience of at least 7 years. According to a separate algorithm, a disability pension for military personnel is calculated if an injury or illness occurs during service.
4. Upon the loss of a breadwinner: paid to all persons who were not dependent on the deceased, as well as to that family member who is forced to leave work to look after minor children or disabled relatives.
But most of the questions are related precisely to the old-age pension: how is it calculated, when is it paid and what will it be?
How is the pension formed?
Pension savings are formed from the employer's contributions to the compulsory pension insurance system and consist of two parts: insurance and funded, but only for those born after 1967. For those who were born earlier, all contributions fall into the insurance part.
There is also a fixed payment, the so-called basic, which is paid if a citizen does not have insurance and funded parts.
The insurance part is currently calculated according to a special formula that takes into account the length of service and the amount of pension contributions for the employer's employee. These are always monthly payments, the amount of which is indexed annually. The funded part consists of 6% of the salary, which the employer transfers, as well as from the contributions of the citizen himself, if he participates in the co-financing program or simply contributes money to his pension contribution. This is true in the absence of an official place of work or low "white" salary. The funded part of the pension can be received in the form of a lump-sum or monthly payment, for which there are conditions and rules. Monthly payment determined based on the expected payment period of 228 months.
From 2015, the funded part of the pension can be abandoned - in this case, the insurance part will be calculated at a preferential coefficient.
There is a concept of insurance experience - this is the total duration of labor activity in the territory of the Russian Federation, during which insurance contributions to the Pension Fund were paid for a citizen. Do not confuse general work experience with insurance: now only those years are taken into account when there were deductions to the Pension Fund. Every year the minimum insurance period required to obtain it increases by a year. In 2016, it is 7 years, and by 2025 and in subsequent years it will increase to 15 years.
Pension coefficient
Individual pension coefficient (IPC, points) - an innovation in 2015.To calculate it, you need to divide the amount of insurance premiums paid for the employee by the employer by the amount of insurance premiums from the maximum salary (in 2015 - 711 thousand rubles), and then multiply by a multiplier. When calculating a pension, the PKI is determined for each year of life, and then the resulting figures are summed up. If a citizen did not work in any year, this does not mean that the PKI will be zero - coefficients are provided for periods of caring for children, sick relatives, urgent service and other situations.
To receive an insurance pension, a citizen must reach retirement age, have an insurance record of 15 years and a total IPC of at least 30. These figures will be relevant only starting from 2025, and now there is a transitional period during which the minimum length of service and the IPC are gradually increasing. In 2016, they are 7 years and 9 points, respectively.
If there is not enough work experience and IPC when reaching retirement age, insurance pension appointed later or paid social pension (women - from 60 years old, men - from 65 years old).
How to calculate your pension?
Since 2015, the insurance pension is calculated using the following formula:
SP \u003d IPK x SPK + FV
SP - insurance pension in the year of granting the pension;
IPK - an individual pension coefficient equal to the sum of all annual pension coefficients of a citizen and bonus coefficients for the length of service, in 2016 the maximum IPC is 7.83;
SPK - the cost of one pension coefficient in the year of granting a pension, determined annually Federal law, in 2016 - 74.27 rubles;
FV - a fixed payment determined annually, from February 1, 2016 - 4 383.59 rubles.
Summary: the pension will now be calculated in points, and the value of the point will be recalculated annually.
Here is an example of calculating the annual retirement coefficient (APR) in 2016:
The salary of a citizen is 40,000 rubles a month. The amount of insurance premiums (16%) paid by the employer to the Pension Fund will amount to 40,000 rubles. × 12 months × 0.16 \u003d 76 800 rubles. The maximum contribution-taxable salary this year is 796,000 rubles, that is, the sum of the maximum insurance contributions is 127,360 rubles. We consider:
GPK \u003d 76 800/127 360 × 10 \u003d 6.017 pension points.
Thus, the PK for each year are calculated and summed up, that is, the more experience, the higher the PKI. Let's say the PKI by the time of retirement in 2016, taking into account all conversions and recalculations, is 80 points. In this case, the calculation of the insurance pension will be as follows:
SP \u003d 80 x 74.27 + 4 383.59 \u003d 10 325.19 rubles.
If the same citizen refuses to receive a pension, then increasing coefficients will be applied in the calculation (they differ depending on the period of refusal). As an example, the calculation of a pension if you refuse it for 5 years:
SP \u003d 80 x 74.27 x 1.34 + 4 383.59 x 1.27 \u003d 13528, 90 rubles.
The increasing coefficient for the PKI is 1.34, for a fixed payment - 1.27.
State and non-state pension funds
All pension contributions automatically go to the state pension fund, but this is not the only option. There are many non-state funds (NPF) in which savings are growing faster, and each citizen can choose where to transfer the funded part of it. future pension... Many are deterred from switching to non-state funds by the fear that the fund will close, which cannot happen to state funds.
This fear is in vain, since all the money in this case is returned to the owners.
The only risk is not to get any profit during the period of stay of funds in the NPF.
Co-financing programs
In 2014, the state program of co-financing of pensions was launched, the acceptance of applications for participation in which ended on December 31, 2014. The essence of the program was that the state doubled each voluntary contribution of the program participant in the amount of 2 thousand, but not more than 12 thousand rubles per month. That is, it was possible to contribute more monthly, but the state still paid only 12 thousand extra. This was especially important if there was no official employment or the salary was paid in an envelope. Now the Duma is considering proposals to restart the co-financing program in 2016 on even more favorable terms, but there is no exact information yet.
Can I leave an inherited pension?
If, by the time of the death of a citizen, an unpaid part of the funded pension remained on his personal account, it can be received by the legal successor - usually the closest relative or the person specified in the will. To receive funds, the successor must contact the PF branch at the place of registration of the deceased, and they will be paid to him in cash. The right of inheritance does not apply to the insurance part of the pension.
The State Duma on Wednesday, September 26, 2018, approved amendments by Russian President Vladimir Putin to a bill on changing the pension system. The law provides for criminal liability for unjustified dismissal or refusal to hire persons of pre-retirement age. The retirement age for men is set at 65 years, for women - at 60 years.
Parliamentarians also approved an amendment on the right to early retirement for mothers with many children.
With regard to responsibility for the dismissal of pre-retirees, legal scholars interviewed by Life say that this provision will allow older employees to work in peace. For dismissal or refusal to hire people of pre-retirement age, employers will face compulsory work for up to 360 hours or a fine of up to 200 thousand rubles or in the amount of the convict's salary or other income for a period of up to 18 months.
Lawyer Alim Bishenov believes that people of pre-retirement age should more accurately formalize their relationship with the employer.
Firstly, it is best for people of pre-retirement age to record all their negotiations with a potential employer on paper, so that they have something to go to the prosecutor's office or labor inspectorate. And they can refuse supposedly due to insufficient work experience, lack of required skills and for other reasons, - the specialist explained.
Lawyer Ilya Alekseev also believes that people of pre-retirement age should not particularly trust the words of the employer, but everything should be recorded not only on paper, but also recorded on the phone.
Such vigilance will allow the employee to remain in the ranks, because the recorded information will allow the investigation and the court to prove discrimination against the employee at the age of 55-60, will help to condemn a negligent employer, - he explained.
According to the Chairman of the State Duma Viacheslav Volodin, especially during the transitional period, when changes are made to pension system, it is necessary to do everything so that a working person, a citizen of pre-retirement age, is protected.
As Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova explained earlier, the adopted law is similar to the norms contained in article 145 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation ("Unjustified refusal to hire or unjustified dismissal of a pregnant woman or woman with children under the age of three").
Tatyana Golikova noted that criminal liability is an "extreme case". In 2017, under article 145 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, 2,000 applications were recorded, but at the same time, a decision on criminal punishment was made only on two.
In a televised address on August 29, 2018, Russian President Vladimir Putin proposed setting the retirement age for women at 60 and for men at 65. In addition, from 2019 to increase the unemployment benefit for persons of pre-retirement age by half, introduce a preferential retirement regime for mothers with many children (at the age of 50-57), and also spoke in favor of maintaining land and real estate tax benefits for citizens. who have reached the current retirement age. At the same time, the head of state noted the need to introduce employer liability (up to criminal liability) for unjustified dismissal or refusal to hire persons of pre-retirement age.
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Efficiency without workaholism
If retirement is around the corner. Advice to the future pensioner.
We'll worry in advance
The norms of modern pension legislation are designed for the active participation of each citizen in the formation of their own pension. It is important not to wait passively for the onset of retirement age, but to actively prepare for retirement, competently build relationships with employers and the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, not only on the eve of retirement, but also throughout the entire working life.
It is useful to get acquainted annually with the extent to which the employer transfers information to the Pension Fund of Russia for replenishing an individual personal account, the number of which is indicated in the insurance certificate. The Pension Fund of the Russian Federation will not refuse to receive an extract from an individual personal account, which reflects the monetary equivalent of a person's labor activity.
When performing work that gives the right to an early appointment of a pension, it is advisable to make sure that this period is formalized in accordance with the requirements. And also it is necessary to stock up on a certificate specifying the nature of such work.
If the work was carried out under a civil contract, you should make sure that this contract is legally executed correctly.
It is worth remembering that many factors affect the size of the future pension:
- work experience;
- the size of the official salary;
- clear maintenance of personnel records;
- the quality of the information provided by the employer of individual (personified) accounting and insurance record and insurance premiums;
- the amount of insurance premiums reflected in the personal account of the future pensioner.
Where to begin
First of all, the future pensioner needs to check the correctness of the work book. The state of the work book is important for the formation of information about all work activities in the PFR database. Pay attention to the following:
- whether the information about the last name, first name, patronymic, year of birth, entered in the work book, corresponds to passport data;
- whether the insert in the work book is correct;
- whether there are references to orders, indicating the date and number, in each work record;
- whether records of dismissal were made, whether all movements within the enterprise were reflected, whether the positions, names of professions, especially the names of "preferential" professions were indicated correctly;
- whether any corrections in the records, even the smallest ones, are properly certified.
In the event that some records are compiled or certified incorrectly, there are fuzzy seals, signatures, text erasures, insertion of sheets into the work book, clarifying documents will be required to confirm the records that are in doubt. A prospective retiree needs to send appropriate inquiries to such enterprises in advance.
When to contact
The generally established retirement period for women in the Russian Federation is 55 years, for men - 60 years with an insurance record (the period of work during which insurance premiums were paid to the Pension Fund) - 5 years.
Citizens can apply for a pension at any time after they become eligible. Without any time limit, by submitting an application in the prescribed form to the territorial body of the Pension Fund.
An application for the appointment of an old-age labor pension can be submitted even before the onset of retirement age, but not earlier than one month before the entitlement to a pension arises.
For selected categories old-age labor pension may be assigned ahead of schedule for citizens. The pension is assigned from the day of applying for it, but not earlier than the day of acquiring the right to a pension, for example, the onset of the appropriate age. In this case, the day of circulation is the date of receipt by the territorial body of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation of the relevant application.
