Curls are an ideal option for those with thin hair that lacks volume. This hairstyle creates the impression of density and strength of curls, giving the appearance of romanticism and femininity. To create certain curls, specialists use different types of perms.
Acid and amino acid perm
Initially, thioglycolic or mercaptoacetic acid was used to create this styling. These are universal substances that, depending on additional components, contribute to hair coloring, curling, and are even included in the composition of some depilatory creams. The operating principle of the technology is based on the ability of acids to penetrate deeply into the structure of the strands.
Hairdressers use acid perm only in exceptional cases. For example, if the hair is heavy and thick. It's just that no other method will be effective enough here. When working with soft formulations, curls will last no longer than 1.5 months.
This technology for structuring strands has many disadvantages. The technique is characterized by a pungent odor and harsh effect. Due to the large number of side effects and contraindications, it is now performed using balanced acid mixtures. Unlike the vast majority of perm methods, it does not have a detrimental effect on curls.
Types of techniques:
- Endothermic. To carry out the reaction, the head is heated by external heat sources. This could be a hairdryer or a special stand. This method was very common in the 70s and 80s in the Soviet Union.
- Exothermic. Here, heating is carried out due to the reaction itself. The method refers to new technologies. It is more gentle and can be used for curling dyed or highlighted hair.
Acid perm is carried out according to the standard scheme. First, a softening composition is applied to the curls, which somewhat “dissolves” the upper stratum corneum of the hair. After that, an aggressive acid is smeared onto the strand, fixing the curl in a certain position. Neat plastic curlers are used to curl hair. Rarely - elastic bands on which curls are wound.
This technique was first proposed in the second half of the 20th century by scientists and part-time hairdressers-stylists Ralph Evans and Everetta McDonahue. A rather aggressive mixture of ammonium and glycolic acid is used as an activator and curl fixer.
How to do an alkaline perm:
- For this purpose, not ordinary papillots with a solid base are used, but rather unique tampons. They are impregnated with an alkaline composition, after which strands of hair are wound onto them.
- This mixture is kept for up to 40 minutes and washed off with plain water without shampoo. Unlike modern techniques, there is no need to reapply the fixative.
- The resulting curls are slightly straightened and the styling is considered complete.
This is an extremely effective but dangerous procedure. After it, the curls become brittle and dull. Alkali has the unpleasant property of destroying the hair shaft, which also increases the fragility of the follicles. A little later, in the 1980s, it was proposed to use balanced acid compositions. Nowadays alkali is used extremely rarely, because it is considered dangerous.
Almost all types of perms that exist use aggressive acids as permanent compounds. They eat away the top layer of hair. As a result, the strands become lifeless and brittle. In contrast, neutral perm is carried out with substances with a low pH.
As an additional component, the composition of the products for such styling includes allantoin. It is a product of urea oxidation obtained by processing urea. Its main property is softening the stratum corneum and accelerating tissue regeneration. The substance helps restore strands after acid and normalize the functioning of the sebaceous glands.
Reviews claim that this is an alternative to the listed acidic options. This is the softest method of all types of perm, how you can give yourself long-lasting curls for medium hair. Often, a bioperm consists of only two components - a fixative and reducing substances. Cysteamine and glycolic acid are used as modeling components. These are completely natural components that are present in the human body.
As auxiliary products, keratin or marine complex, vitamins, amino acids and even oils can be found in the fixatives. The main advantage of the technique over all others is the ability to reconstruct hair without having a negative impact on it.
Silk
A delicate version of hair curling using ammonia-free preparations. It is suitable for those with long to medium fine hair. A special feature of the method is the presence of natural silk proteins in the active composition. Collagen and raffinose are additionally used to enrich hair. Raffinose is a type of reserve carbohydrate; it is able to retain moisture and strengthen the curl shaft.
The most famous product for this styling is the CHI complex. It does not contain any substances that injure the hair structure. This complex curl uses a quintessence consisting of curling lotions, an activator and a neutralizer. Unlike other similar products, there is no unpleasant odor from the hair after using a silk curler.
This is easy chemistry. It is not like any other type of hair perm, because, in essence, it is styling. There are different products for carving: Wella, Londa, Schwarzkof and Cutrin. The listed sets do not contain aggressive glycolic acid; instead, they are enriched with carnitine and vitamin complexes.
The long-term installation technique has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the technique include versatility (it is done for short, long and medium hair), durability, and the ability to change your hairstyle. On the downside: the curls become very dry, become brittle, and cannot be dried without a diffuser and styling products.
Japanese perm
Alkaline-free perm, done on highlighted, ombre and bleached hair. It uses cysteine, matrix and betaine as active components. All of these are natural substances that are part of the keratinized particles of the human body, including hair.
- Cysteine. Amino acid with high sulfur content. Considered a powerful antioxidant, protects the body from the effects of radiation;
- Betaine. Trimethylaminoacetic acid. It is characterized by numerous positive effects on body tissues. Has a moisturizing, protecting, softening and strengthening effect.
- Matrix. The component of hair that is responsible for the growth and development of follicles. It is used in cosmetics as a molecular component. Gives strands smoothness and strength, has a beneficial effect on the hair follicles.
This perm results in perfect large curls. Due to the large number of moisturizing components, such curls are bright, shiny, and elastic. But, unfortunately, this effect after curling lasts only 1 month. To further strengthen it, constant use of conditioners and balms is required.
Spiral American
Modern stylists classify this type of perm as a disco style. It was in the 80s of the last century that the trend of twisting strands on hairpins arose. They were placed perpendicular to the central parting. Thanks to this system, the resulting curls looked as natural as possible.
Despite the stereotype, such unconventional curls can be large, small, or medium. The most fashionable and labor-intensive option is the afro. In it, the hair is wound into countless thin curling irons. Biological compounds and light parchment are used as fixing agents.
Ways to curl strands
How the curl will look largely depends not only on the chosen type, but also on the method of winding the curlers, their diameter, and the general structure of the strands. What types of bobbins are there for perm:
Below in the list are the main methods of curling curling iron curlers, their photos and names:
There are also so-called unconventional methods of cheating. For example, triple or diagonal. These are very unique options that are suitable for creating spectacular evening hairstyles or curling very thick and long hair.
When feelings are raging in the soul, you want changes and impressions, clothing stores and beauty salons come to the aid of women. Sales consultants help change the style, and hairdressers help change the look. If you don’t want to cut or dye your hair, then the hairdresser suggests applying light chemicals to your hair. It is safe and can also transform you or highlight your individuality.
What is gentle chemistry
Women should thank the German hairdresser Karl Nessler for the invention of the perm, who in the 20th century, having tried the chemical on his wife, introduced it to the world. Since then, curling hair has gained popularity and universal love among women, and in some cases, men.
It meant the use of solutions that changed the structure of the hair, which often spoiled it, thinned it, and added fragility. But this fact did not stop the women, because the result was impressive. After the session, the hair acquired a permanent styling that was not influenced by moisture, wind, bad weather or other factors. The hair looked well-groomed every day during the day and also at night.
Fortunately, today cosmetic companies have taken care of women’s curls; they offer safe formulations, which means curling hair without fear for their health. At the same time, hairdressers have developed techniques for curling strands, which makes it possible to diversify the hairstyle, and not look like curly lambs, which was observed everywhere in Soviet times.
Gentle products that help shape curls do not contain aggressive chemicals that can harm the hair structure. On the contrary, they are saturated with nutritional components, vitamins, keratins, and plant extracts. This guarantees protection, as well as additional nutrition during hair treatment. After the procedure, you get soft, shiny, bouncy curls or waves that soften your look and highlight your beauty and individuality.
Curling adds femininity, romance, and helps to completely change your appearance.
Advantages and disadvantages of light chemistry
Each procedure is evaluated based on its advantages as well as disadvantages. However, opinions vary, just like hair. On some strands the technique gives a positive, luxurious result, while on others it spoils.
The effectiveness of the procedure and the attractive appearance of the hair are guaranteed by a competent approach, the experience of the hairdresser, as well as systematic hair care. Moreover, the master does only half of the work, the main part lies with the woman. The use of unprofessional products in daily care, insufficient hydration, nutrition, and the use of a hair dryer destroy the structure of the curls, making the hairstyle untidy.
However, the undeniable advantages of light perm include:
- light chemical products are safe;
- Lush curls add volume to fine hair;
- the perm looks impressive, refreshes and youthful;
- treated strands do not require daily styling;
- the result fades away over time, which helps to avoid getting tired of the hairstyle;
- The curls unwind gradually, which eliminates the need to cut hair.
Women who have undergone a curling session note the disadvantages of the procedure:
- the compositions of mixtures for the formation of curls contain components that negatively affect the hair, while the harm is insignificant;
- on long hair the procedure is practically useless, the weight of the curls causes them to unwind;
- Chemistry is prohibited during pregnancy or breastfeeding;
- the effect is short-lived, curls unwind after 1.5-3 months.
To obtain a lasting result without damaging your hair, you should contact an experienced, professional hairdresser who will ensure that the procedure is carried out correctly according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
If you decide to do the perm yourself, then stock up on the following devices:
- bobbins or curlers (50-100pcs);
- protective cape on shoulders;
- curling kit;
- sponge for convenient application of the mixture;
- plastic comb;
- plastic container.
The procedure follows the following algorithm:
- Prepare your hair for the session. To do this, wash your hair with peeling shampoo, which will cleanse the scalp and scales. Then blot excess moisture with a towel and comb thoroughly. Next, divide your hair into zones, which we will later divide into strands.
- We wind the curls in straight rows onto bobbins. We make the curls tight and even, carefully hiding the ends without twisting them. We fix each curl with rubber bands.
- After a long process of curling the curls, they are treated with a chemical composition using a sponge. Apply the mixture from the back of the head, gradually moving towards the crown. The components of the product help soften the cuticles, which helps create new shapes under the influence of curlers. Cover your head with polyethylene and insulate it, this will help achieve a positive result. The holding time is regulated by the manufacturer's instructions, which are attached to the curling composition.
- At the final stage, the head is washed with running water without removing the bobbin. The structure is blotted with a towel and a fixing agent is applied. It covers the scales, keeping the strands in the form of a curl. The fixative is left on the hair for up to 10 minutes. To check, after the allotted time, unwind one bobbin from the back below, if the curl is formed, then rinse off the composition with running water. To neutralize chemical components, rinse your hair with an aqueous solution of vinegar.
The procedure for performing a light perm is distinguished by a number of nuances, knowledge of which will protect your hair:
- Choose your perm product carefully. Give preference to professional, popular brands.
- Before use, test on a thin strand, as well as on the skin on the back of your hand. If you notice that your curls have become brittle, and your skin has become red, swollen, itchy or burning, then do not use the composition, look for another product that will suit you.
- Do not overexpose the active product to the strands; follow the manufacturer's instructions. Violation of technology entails a decrease in attractiveness and destruction of the health of the hair.
- Before the session, apply a nourishing, rich cream along the hairline; it will reduce the effect of the components of the chemical mixture on the skin.
- Exhausted, thin hair should not be permed. It is recommended to cure them before the procedure.
Hair care after curling
Changing hair structure causes stress on the curls, so to maintain their health you need to:
- Stop blow-drying your hair. Hot air dries the hair shaft, destroying it.
- After treating your curls for daily care, use moisturizing, restoring balms, masks, creams, sprays, serums and more.
- Use masks based on nourishing vegetable oils. Choose jojoba, shea, macadamia, coconut, olive or other oils for these purposes. Allowed to mix them
- Don't wash your hair often. Detergents wash away the fat layer that protects the strands. Choose moisturizing, nourishing shampoos; children's shampoos are allowed, they are softer.
- After curling, it is recommended to trim the ends, this will refresh the look of the hairstyle, it will become neater and neater.
- Choose a vitamin complex that will help restore balance in the body, which will improve the appearance of hair, nails, and skin.
- Adjust your diet, drink 2-2.5 liters of water a day, eat fruits and vegetables. Avoid excessive consumption of fatty foods, sweets, and alcohol. Quit smoking.
Light hair chemicals - photo of the result
To evaluate the result, and also to understand whether this hairstyle is right for you, professionals suggest studying the photos before and after the procedure:
Pay attention to the appearance of the models and the type of curls, this will help you navigate the choice of hairstyle.
The first experiments to create a long-term effect of curled hair were undertaken back in 1925. The invention was patented in 1937, and perm became widely popular only in the 50s of the 20th century. Initially, this procedure was carried out by two methods - steam and electric. However, with the development of the hairdressing industry, such types of hair perm became history.
Let's find out what types of hair curling exist currently and all their additional directions. As well as methods for carrying out this procedure and what composition the preparations for curling strands should have.
Types of long-term hair curling
In the 21st century, hairdressers offer 3 main types of long-term hair curling:
- permanent;
- cold perm.
Let's learn about each of them in more detail.
Hair curling using carving method
With the help of carving, you get light, voluminous waves of curls that are as close as possible to the effect of a natural curl. The drug used for carving is gentle and suitable for thin, brittle, colored hair that lacks volume.
The strands are wound without tension, easily fixed with large curlers. When perming using the carving method, you should not expect tight curls. The effect this type of curling gives is large curls.
Perm hair
Permanent perm is used using a special preparation and thermal effects on the hair. After winding, the strands are treated with a chemical and then heated in a dryer.
The effect of the permanent is small tight curls.
Cold hair curling
This is the most popular type of long-term hair curling, which allows you to create waves of various shapes, hardness and diameter. Cold perm has a huge number of varieties of curling strands and compositions for processing. 
Preparations for cold perming vary in intensity of impact - from gentle to concentrated formulations.
Winding methods
Hair perm can be done in several ways. Let's find out more about them.
- Horizontal. This is the most common type of winding on bobbins of different diameters. The hairline is divided into the occipital, temporal, parietal, and crown parts. The sticks are placed strictly horizontally. The volume of the strand should be equal to the thickness of the bobbin used. To securely fix the tip of each curl, special paper is used.
- Vertical. With this type of hair curling, curling is done in the reverse order - from root to end, evenly distributing the strand along the entire length of the bobbin. The hairline is divided into horizontal lines, and the bobbins are secured in a vertical position. This type of hair perm looks most impressive when done on cone-shaped bobbins.
- Spiral. This type of curling is performed on special spiral-shaped sticks. The winding is done from the top of the head by placing one bobbin on top of another.
- Ring. Wrapping is done on flexible sticks, which are shaped into a ring and then fixed.
- Rectangular. The hair is divided into small strands in blocks. Wide plastic bobbins are used as stylers, onto which curls are wound.
winding methods
Types of root volume
Modern types of hair perm have a separate direction - creating long-term root volume. The main techniques for adding visual splendor to a hairstyle are the following.
- "Fleeting". It is done by strongly combing the parietal, upper occipital, and temporal zones. The pile is treated with a special compound and then fixed in a raised state. The result after this procedure lasts up to two months. The effect is natural volume, without creases. Suitable for absolutely any hair type. Fleecing compositions are developed in two types - the first for bleached, dry, brittle hair, and the second for normal hair.
- "Buffant" The procedure is similar to fleecing, only Velcro curlers are placed under each combed strand to give a more pronounced volume. With their help, you can accentuate the effect on the desired areas of the head. Produced with the same composition as fleece.
- "Boost up." This type of root volume is suitable for long hair that has lost its fullness due to heaviness. The procedure is very painstaking and requires high skill from the hairdresser. Each strand, 3–4 mm thick, is wound using the figure-of-eight method on special pins, then treated with a compound and removed. The resulting effect looks like a small corrugation. The result lasts 4–5 months. Perfect for lovers of high-combed hairstyles.
before and after photos
Basic rules for performing a perm
All types of hair curling for a long time must be done observing the following rules.
- It is necessary to make a visual diagnosis of the condition of the hair and scalp. If the skin is damaged, you should avoid perm until it is completely healed. Contact of the drug on open wounds can lead to allergic reactions and destruction of the hair follicle, which leads to further hair loss. Excessively weakened hair should also not be permed.
- The procedure for curling hair treated with basma or henna is carried out in exactly the same way as for hair dyed with permanent dyes.
- It is strictly forbidden to do “chemistry” if the hair has been subjected to acid washing or bleaching (decapitation). This leads to the destruction of the medulla (core) of the hair - it loses its strength and simply breaks off.
- Repeated perm can be done only after there are no traces of the previous one.
- It is unacceptable to use metal tools while curling. This reduces the effect of the drug.
- Vials with the composition and neutralizer cannot be printed in advance, nor should they be stored open. Contact of the drug with oxygen oxidizes it and weakens the curling effect.
- Professionals performing this procedure must wear a mask and gloves.
- It is important not to violate the temperature regime for storing drugs.
- Under no circumstances should the composition be used to perm hair on eyelashes. Contact with the mucous membrane leads to burns and blindness.
- Hair should be dyed 10 days before or 10 after curling. The neutralizer (fixer) contains high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, which can negatively affect the quality of coloring.
- After completing the perm procedure, it is not advisable to wash or wet your hair for 24 hours.
Any type of perm must be performed exclusively in hairdressing salons under the close supervision of a hairdresser. Doing chemicals on your own at home is strictly prohibited, since the living space is not equipped with proper ventilation, and there is a high risk of harm to the hair.
Requirements for perm compositions
An important aspect of the hair curling procedure is not only the skill of the hairdresser, but also the quality of the preparations with which it is carried out. They must have the following properties.
- Throughout the entire period of validity of the drug declared by the manufacturer, the resulting curl should not lose its original shape.
- Natural hair that has not been dyed should not change color under the influence of the drug.
- The composition should not have an irritating effect on the skin. At the first signs of an allergy, the drug should be washed off immediately and an antihistamine should be taken.
- A high-quality product is easily washed off without leaving a filmy feeling on the hair.
- To avoid unpleasant situations, you need to do a test for sensitivity to the chemical composition - apply the product to the elbow, and after half an hour check the skin reaction. This will help you cancel the procedure in time and maintain your health.
How to choose a perm composition
What should be the composition of the drugs?
The basis of most hair perms offered by the beauty industry are organothio compounds or their derivatives. This is explained by the fact that thioglycolic acid has the unique property of creating disulfide bonds in the hair for a long period. The higher the concentration of thioglycollate compounds in the preparation, the less exposure time is required to create a rigid curl.
The main disadvantage of organothio derivatives is that upon contact with oxygen, a reaction occurs that releases hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan. As a result, a strong unpleasant odor appears.
If you work with such drugs for a long time in poorly ventilated areas without protective equipment, you can provoke the appearance of the following complications.
- A decrease in the level of blood platelets - white blood cells.
- Gastrointestinal tract disorders.
- Frequent headaches.
- Disruption of the endocrine system.
It is strictly forbidden for pregnant women to perm their hair, since thioglycol is a toxic compound, so inhaling its vapors can negatively affect the health of the fetus.
How to perm - step by step instructions
To perform a perm, you will need the following equipment:
- bobbins or curlers of the required diameter;
- cellophane peignoir;
- latex gloves;
- plastic or glass bowl;
- sponge;
- plastic or ceramic combs.
When all the necessary tools are at hand, you can proceed directly to the procedure.
- Using massaging movements, carefully wash your head with deep cleansing shampoo. It opens the hair scales to improve the permeability of the composition into the cortex. Washing should be done with your fingertips so as not to damage the scalp. Do not treat with balm. If you are planning a haircut, it should be done before perm.
- Cover the person with a waterproof negligee. To protect your neck, you must use a disposable collar or towel.
- Curl your hair with bobbins or curlers while it is wet. To fix the tip of the strand, you need to use special paper. Curling should be done without tensioning the hair, but at the same time so that it does not hang from the bobbin.
- Pour the mixture into a bowl and foam it with a sponge. Apply the resulting foam evenly to the pre-twisted strands. You should work with gloves.
- After waiting the required time, check the quality of the curl. If you are satisfied with the result, then, without removing the bobbins, rinse off the main composition with copious amounts of hot water. If the desired result is not achieved, reapply the product and wait the allotted time.
- Blot excess moisture with a towel, then apply the fixative, having first foamed it. After waiting the main time, remove the bobbins, apply the fixative to the entire length of the hair and wait 2-3 minutes.
- Rinse your hair with a stabilizer shampoo to consolidate the result and treat with a nourishing balm.
- It is advisable to use a diffuser for the first styling after the curling procedure - this way the curls will be more securely fixed in the desired position.
The correct type of hair perm will visually increase its volume. For long strands, curling in large curls is suitable; for medium, cut strands - any type. Chemistry made with thin bobbins will help short hair gain a voluminous shape.
As a conclusion, let us remind you that permed hair is weakened. It is necessary to carry out regular nutritional care in the form of masks. You need to comb your curled hairstyle carefully, starting from the end of the hair. It is advisable to use combs with a large distance between the teeth. To prevent split ends, they should be treated daily with argan or sea buckthorn oil. Following these basic tips for caring for your curls will prolong the curl effect and improve the appearance of your hair.
Classic perm
Basal
Only twist the root part without touching the remaining ends of the strands. This should only be done in the shape of a half-eight. Having made the required number of turns, secure it with an elastic band.
Next, the appropriate chemical composition is applied. Leave it for 10-20 minutes. The next stage is fixation. To do this, take 50 grams. 3% hydrogen peroxide. You can apply it with an applicator or a regular sponge, foam a little and leave for about ten minutes.
When the foam subsides a little, unwind everything. And once again we apply the fixer for four minutes, no more. Rinse thoroughly with water. Well, then everything is in order: drying, neutralizing, styling, etc.
This method is good for women:
- with sparse hair;
- frequently use this procedure;
- Those who want to get volume, only at the hair roots.
Vertical
You need to twist the strands starting from the roots, gradually reaching the very ends. Only cone-shaped bobbins are used. They must be polymer or wood. With a hole in the middle for threading strands.
Conventionally, the process is divided into the following stages:
- Mandatory.
- Comb and divide all strands into squares. Moreover, each should be equal to the diameter of the bobbin. You need to start from the back of the head.
- Secure with special clamps.
- Starting from the ends, apply the chemical with a sponge.
- Thread the curls through the holes of the bobbins.
- Twist.
- Secure everything with gauze tape. It must be pre-impregnated with a chemical composition.
- All bobbins need to be tightened with a rubber clamping ring.
- Treat again with a chemical compound.
- Warm your hair with warm air using a device specially created for this purpose.
- Rinse your hair.
- Fixation.
It is made only with special bobbins. Strands of hair are twisted very tightly into a rope. Then they twist it in a spiral onto a bobbin. The coils should fit very tightly against each other. These actions are done in one direction. And then everything is as usual: fixing, applying the appropriate composition, fixing, etc.
It is called so because for its implementation a special protein-lipid composition is used - LC2. Take a cap made of polyethylene. It has many holes through which the hair is extracted using a special device.
And then everything is done in the established order. This method is suitable for women who have health problems. After all, the skin will be protected from negative contact with chemicals. This means the procedure is less dangerous.
Chemical substances are taken from various classes. The result is small, springy curls that remain that way for up to four months. For styling you need to use only foam with.
Not suitable for everyone:
- if the curls are hard, the effect will be short-lived;
- Oily curls, after this procedure, will look more like those that have been unwashed for a long time.
Light chemistry or carving
Has the least damaging effect. Typically used for:
- giving the missing volume;
- curls;
- long-term styling.
It keeps its shape for about two months. Bobbins are used in various diameters. It should only be carried out by highly qualified specialists in well-established salons.
Large curls look very unusual. Maybe that's why they are so popular. It is not difficult to control the elasticity of the curl. Just control the exposure time.
The size will always depend on the thickness of the bobbin used. To fix it, you must use special care products for this hairstyle. The volume will last up to nine weeks.
Variety of curl types
A perm can magically transform straight hair into curls or lush curls that delight you, eye-catching curls, and vertical spirals. And this despite the fact that the result of a perm will directly depend not only on the chemicals used, but also on the technology used.
For example, to create the required volume, you need to slightly raise them at the roots. “Wet” chemicals can be either spirally curled or wound onto curlers of different diameters. You will get smaller or larger curls. Everything will depend on your preferences.
When you decide to have a vertical curl, you definitely won’t regret it. There are a great many options here, but it is better to trust a professional hairdresser.
What type and look to choose for medium hair
The most ideal option would be a root perm. To implement it, you can choose any type of perm. It is possible to use all kinds of sizes and any diameter: hairpins, curlers, bobbins.
Spiral: can also be successfully used on such curls. It is made with spiral curlers of different diameters, namely using:
- papillotok;
- special knitting needles;
- "boomerangs", etc.
Types of spiral curling:
- "broken";
- local;
- "corrugation";
- "zigzag";
- zonal, etc.
The following types of perms are available:
- neutral;
- amino acid;
- with silk proteins;
- acidic.
The degree of damage to your curls does not play any role for a neutral curling method.
Neutral
Well suited to all hair types. Valid for only two months. Its advantage is undeniable; it has a healing effect on the scalp and your strands. The degree of damage to your curls does not play any role for her.
Alkaline
Very durable, with strong hold. Suitable for all types. But it can cause significant harm. It will take quite a long time to recover from it. It contains ammonium thioglycolate. This is a mixture of glycolic acid and ammonia. It easily passes inside, thereby providing excellent durability for curls. It does not go away for a very long time, up to five months.
Acidic
The effect is not so aggressive, but it can keep its shape for no more than two months. Suitable for not entirely healthy or thin hair.
Amino acid
Causes the least harm to health. And what is especially important is the greatest durability of the hairstyle. The useful components that are in its composition are: amino acids, proteins. During the procedure, they go deep inside and perfectly restore it. It has another name - carving. Retains no longer than three months.
With silk proteins
It contains silk proteins. They help improve hair structure. Can be used even on previously bleached hair. But you can only do it for medium length. Will last two months.
Perm has a bad effect on the hair structure: it makes it more brittle and dry.
Which composition to choose
When the hair is healthy, but thick and difficult to curl and does not last long, you can opt for alkaline curling. And it’s better to choose medium bobbins.
When the thickness is normal, but the styling is poorly maintained, the following is suitable:
- acidic;
- amino acid;
- weakly acidic.
You can take all kinds of bobbins. It all depends on your desire and capabilities. If your curls are naturally thin, and you have also recently used these services, then you need to choose one of the most gentle ones - carving. Only an experienced hair stylist can help you choose.
How does the perm process work for medium hair?
Initially, the procedure begins with:
- Wash your hair thoroughly.
- Next, we wind the future curls with special bobbins. Their size will depend on the length of the curls and your taste.
- Then you need to quickly treat with an appropriate chemical solution or a more harmless preparation.
- Cover with an insulating cap.
- Leave for 20 to 30 minutes. Only a master can determine more precisely.
- Unwind in several places and check readiness.
- If you are satisfied with what you see, rinse with warm water.
- Treat with fixative.
- After 5 minutes, remove the bobbins and re-treat them with a fixing agent.
- After two minutes, rinse thoroughly.
Step-by-step instructions for perming hair
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages:
- sparse hair will become voluminous;
- you can make not only the desired curls, but even dye them immediately in the desired color;
- daily styling can also be neglected;
- Curls make a woman's face more feminine and hide some imperfections.
Disadvantages and contraindications:
- perm has a bad effect on the hair structure: it makes it more brittle and dry;
- There is only one way to get rid of it - a haircut;
- those who are predisposed to allergies need to play it safe and consult a doctor;
- You should not do this during pregnancy, “women’s” days, or breastfeeding;
- when taking potent drugs;
- illness, all kinds of stressful situations;
- when dyeing with henna.
Price
The price for perming medium-length hair starts from 1800 rubles.
Post-procedure care
- You don't need to wash your hair for three days.
- Do not use hot rollers, hair dryers, etc.
- Do not comb your hair with a brush, only a comb will do for now.
- You can't stay in the sun for a long time.
- It is not recommended to swim in salt water.
- For washing, it is better to use balms, rinses and shampoos for perm.
- Conduct a wellness course.
- For styling, take foam balm, it has protective and healing properties.
Many owners of straight hair without volume dream of having luxurious curls. Modern hair perm allows every girl to make this dream come true. A large selection of strand curling techniques and chemical compositions will allow each of you to determine the most suitable type of curling.
Over the past few years, many new curling technologies and compositions have appeared, with the help of which it is possible to create beautiful large curls or small curls for several months. All types of perm that are offered in salons today can be divided into two types - classic and light (gentle).
The main advantage of curling using gentle compounds is that the drugs used do not harm the hair. They allow you to create curls of different shapes and sizes, providing a soft effect and without destroying the hair structure. But at the same time, modern hair chemicals have a significant drawback - a short-lived effect. After a light curl, the curls last for an average of 2-3 months.
Despite the emergence of gentle drugs, classical chemistry has not lost its relevance. Perm using strong chemical compounds is very popular due to its long-lasting effect. Curls retain their shape for 6 months, which is the main advantage of this chemistry.
But since preparations containing ammonia and other aggressive chemical components are used to create curls, there is a risk of side effects. Potent drugs destroy the hair structure. Because of this, after washing out the composition, the hairstyle looks lifeless, the hair becomes brittle, dull and thinning. Therefore, after such a procedure, be sure to follow all the rules of care and make restorative hair masks.
Acid chemistry
This is one of the most popular methods of creating curls. The essence of this procedure is the use of drugs based on a substance called glyceryl monothioglycolate. The active substances enter the hair, changing its structure. A significant advantage is that the active components do not damage the protective scales. This minimizes the damage caused to the hair. The hair does not swell much, which allows you to curl the strands with tension.
Strong, tight curls are created through exposure to high temperatures. Additional heating also has a negative effect on the strands. Therefore, this type of chemistry cannot be called harmless. Due to the drying effect, these formulations cannot be used on fine, dry hair. This type of perm can only be done by those with strong and healthy hair.
Alkaline perm
Alkaline permanents have been used to create curls for a long time. But modern gentle drugs have not replaced this type of chemistry. This type of perm provides a shorter lasting effect than an acid perm. But it is suitable for dry hair. This type of chemistry also solves the problem of unruly strands. As a result, it is possible to create elastic and natural curls.
For this perm, preparations are used in which the main active ingredient is ammonium thioglycolate. After application to the strands, the composition reveals the protective layer of scales. Because of this, it is possible not only to change, but also to disrupt the structure of the hair. There is a risk of fragility, dryness, split ends, and a “washcloth” effect.
If you are choosing between acidic and alkaline chemistry, know that alkaline drugs have a gentler effect.
For those with coarse, thick hair, alkaline perm is not suitable, as it will not be possible to achieve a long-lasting effect.
Perm with thioglycolic acid
This is a gentle type of chemistry. It is applicable for colored strands. The composition used is practically harmless to hair. But you shouldn’t count on a long-term effect. The curls after this procedure last for about 30 days.
Neutral chemistry
This modern perm is suitable even for soft hair, since it does not have a destructive effect. The preparations used contain keratin, which smoothes the scales, restoring the protective layer. In terms of the duration of the effect, this chemistry is superior to alkaline, but inferior to acidic.
It is worth considering that neutral chemistry has one feature: after this procedure, you must use hair products with a neutral pH level. Otherwise, the curls will quickly straighten and the effect will be short-lived.
Amino acid chemistry
To create curls, preparations with amino acids and proteins are used. The composition also contains chemicals that ensure the formation of curls. Amino acids and proteins neutralize the negative effects of chemical active components. In addition, such compositions have a restorative and healing effect.
The only drawback of this procedure is that the curls last up to 2 months.
It is not recommended to do an amino acid perm on long strands, since the curls will quickly straighten.
Bioperm
This modern technique for creating curls is popular among women of all ages. This type of curling has 3 main advantages:
- curls last up to six months;
- the hair looks natural;
- the hair structure is not damaged.
The compositions used do not contain aggressive components such as ammonia. Thanks to this, the damage caused to curls is minimized. For biowaves, preparations are used whose composition is similar to hair molecules. They gently and carefully act on the strands, forming tight, beautiful curls. The hairstyle gets additional volume, the curls look luxurious and well-groomed.
Biochemistry will be a good solution for those with naturally curly hair. As a rule, natural curls are formed only in the lower part of the strands, and in the root zone the hair is straight. Bio-curling will add additional root volume and make the curls neat and uniform.
This perm involves the use of three compositions. First, a protein composition is applied to form curls. Then the strands wound on bobbins or curlers are treated with a protein thickening agent. At the final stage, a composition is applied to fix the curls.
Girls with normal or oily hair should choose a bioperm. For owners of dry, weakened strands, this is not the best type of chemistry.
Hair carving
This is another modern curling technique that allows you to create small curls, large ringlets and even vertical spiral curls using gentle formulations. - the safest procedure for hair. It takes 1.5 hours. This perm is performed in several stages:
- The hair is combed and divided into several sections.
- One section is treated with a special gentle composition.
- Thin strands are wound on curlers.
- The same is done with all strands.
- After a certain time, the hair is washed with plenty of running water and dried.
Light chemistry looks natural. Another advantage of this procedure is that the curls are straightened evenly. This eliminates the need to adjust your hairstyle. After the composition is completely washed out, the hair looks the same as before curling.
Like any type of chemistry, carving has limitations. It is not recommended to perform it on long thick hair. The gentle composition is not able to form tight curls that will hold on such heavy strands. Also, this perm is not recommended for dyed and bleached weakened strands.
Carving is suitable for medium length strands and short haircuts. The duration of the effect is from 4 to 8 weeks. The compositions used have a drying effect.
Modern perm with natural silk
Can chemicals be absolutely safe for hair? Yes. An example of such chemistry is the “silk wave”. This procedure involves the use of a drug that contains silk proteins. They do not contain hydrogen peroxide, ammonia and other potent substances that negatively affect hair. After curling, even damaged strands that lack shine will look healthy and beautiful.
Curling with natural silk is ideal for short haircuts and those with medium-length strands. Silk is a fiber whose structure has many similarities with the structure of hair. The proteins of this fiber have a healing effect, restoring the integrity of the structure of each hair at the molecular level.
This modern type of curling not only allows you to create beautiful bouncy curls, but also restore the lost health and beauty of your hair. Silk chemistry is suitable for those with weakened hair. It can be done during pregnancy and breastfeeding. There are no contraindications other than individual intolerance to the components of the drug. Therefore, silk perm can be considered universal.
How long the curls will last depends on the thickness and length of the hair. On average, curls retain their shape for 1-2 months.
Japanese chemistry
When listing modern methods of perming hair, it is necessary to mention. It was first developed by Goldwell. But today similar formulations from other manufacturers are available for sale. The main active ingredient in such preparations is the matrix. The same component is present in human hair. The matrix affects the hair structure, restoring s-bonds.
In addition, the preparations used contain keratin. This amino acid makes hair strong and elastic. Betaine, which is also found in these formulations, nourishes curls and gives them an attractive shine. And the shape of the curls is fixed due to the presence of silicon-cystine in the composition. The unique formula of the drug allows you to simultaneously form tight curls and restore damaged hair structure.
This type of curl is suitable for weakened hair of any length.
There is only one limitation: perm using Japanese technology cannot be done more often than once every 6 months. It is necessary to give your hair a rest for at least 1 month after straightening your curls. It is also worth considering that this is an expensive procedure. But the safety for hair and long-lasting effect completely justify the cost.
Chemistry the American way
Types of curling differ in the composition used, as well as the technique of winding the strands. One of the modern varieties is perm using American technology. The strands are wound on special curlers or knitting needles. As a result, after the procedure, beautiful large curls are formed. For this perm, bio-sparing compounds are used. Therefore, you don’t have to worry about damaging your hair.
As the chemical is washed away and the roots grow, the boundary between the part of the strands treated with the bio-composition and the roots is invisible. Therefore, even after many months, your hairstyle will remain neat and impressive.
Modern hair perm - photo
See what your hair looks like after a procedure such as modern hair chemicals - the photos will help you determine the appropriate type of curl for your hairstyle and appearance. Modern types of chemistry provide the effect of natural curls that look as if the hair is naturally curly.
