Peter the Great did not forgive betrayals (9 photos). Divorce without a maiden name. How Peter I broke up with his wife Where did Peter I marry Evdokia

In Russia, the official divorce of the first person of the state last happened 316 years ago, when Peter the Great broke up with Evdokia Lopukhina. The wedding of Peter and Evdokia took place in January 1689, and the bride was three years older than her future husband - he was 17, she was 20 years old ...

To say that this marriage was not for love is to say nothing. The young tsar did not take any part in the election of the bride and in the very decision on marriage - his mother Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina, the widow of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, took over the whole process.

By the way, Natalya Kirillovna herself was the second wife of the tsar. True, Alexei Mikhailovich did not get divorced - his first wife, who gave birth to thirteen children, died from the consequences of another birth.

Natalya Kirillovna, arranging her son's marriage, cared not so much about his family happiness, but about issues of big politics. By that time, a difficult situation had developed in Russia: after the Streltsy rebellion, two tsars officially appeared on the throne - Ivan and Peter, whose duties as regent were performed by their elder sister Sophia. Various political forces tried to strengthen their influence.

Tsaritsa Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina

Tsar Ivan Alekseevich married Praskovya Saltykova, and the couple was expecting a child. In this situation, the father of the family, Ivan, in the eyes of society, looked like a more legitimate head of state than Peter, who did not start a family. In addition, marriage at that time was perceived by society as coming of age, which allowed the king to get rid of the persistent guardianship of his older sister.

Natalya Kirillovna chose Evdokia Lopukhina as a bride for her son for a reason - the Lopukhins acted as allies of the Naryshkins, were popular in the archery troops, moreover, this clan was extremely numerous, which was also an important factor.

Did not get along

Peter was already fascinated by the army, shipbuilding, the Western way of life, while Evdokia was brought up in the traditions of Domostroy. However, for about a year, the relationship of the spouses was the relationship of a couple in love.

The drawing, located at the beginning of the "Book of love, a sign in an honest marriage", presented in 1689 as a wedding gift to Peter the Great.

This is not surprising - in the traditions of that time, young people simply did not have the experience of first love, and they were drawn to each other by the novelty of new sensations.

However, in the future, discord began in the family, for which there were several reasons. Firstly, as already mentioned, Evdokia did not share the interests of her husband. Secondly, contemporaries note that with external beauty, Evdokia Lopukhina did not shine with her mind, and did not know how to adapt to her husband.

Thirdly, relations with the mother-in-law did not work out either - Natalya Kirillovna remained dissatisfied with her daughter-in-law. Relatives also “contributed” here - the Lopukhins turned out to be not reliable allies, but greedy and greedy people who arranged a noisy division of government posts.

During the first three years, Evdokia gave birth to three sons to Peter: Alexei, Alexander and Paul, but the two youngest died in infancy.

The royal marriage was bursting at the seams: in 1692, Peter the Great started an affair with Anna Mons, a resident of the German Quarter. Until the death of Natalya Kirillovna in 1694, the tsar, however, tried not to express his negative attitude towards his wife.

Death for love

By 1697, the royal spouses did not even correspond, and moreover, the queen joined the party of opponents of Peter the Great. After that, the king made the final decision on the divorce.

Being in the Great Embassy abroad, he gave the order to the close boyars who remained in Moscow to persuade Evdokia to be tonsured as a nun - this was exactly the fate that awaited the “divorced” queens in Russia during this period of time.

Evdokia refused, citing concern for her son, Tsarevich Alexei. The queen had more than enough supporters, even Patriarch Andrian tried to "reason" Peter.

Evdokia Fedorovna Lopukhina went down in history as the first wife of the reformer tsar, the first Russian emperor Peter I and as the mother of Tsarevich Alexei. In addition, she became the last Russian tsarina (since after her the female reigning persons bore the title of empresses) and the last reigning equal non-foreign wife of the Russian monarch.

This, however, had the opposite effect - the enraged tsar gave the order to forcibly tonsure Evdokia as a nun. In September 1698, the tsarina was imprisoned in the Suzdal-Pokrovsky monastery, where she became a nun under the name Elena. Moreover, the tsar did not allocate money for the maintenance of his ex-wife, entrusting the care of her to her relatives Lopukhin.

Peter did not take into account one thing - the strength of Russian traditions and the degree of resistance to his reforms. While he, busy building St. Petersburg, the fleet, the war with the Swedes, did not remember his ex-wife, she lived in a monastery as a laywoman, came into contact with the opponents of the king, accepted the honors due to the queen and, which was completely unthinkable, got herself a lover.

Evdokia's relationship with Major Stepan Glebov began around 1709 and continued for a long time. The truth surfaced during the investigation of the "case of Tsarevich Alexei", ​​when Peter the Great suspected his son and his entourage of conspiracy.

Evdokia Lopukhina

Evdokia was also involved in the investigation of the conspiracy in 1718. During interrogation, she did not deny communication with Glebov, for which, according to the verdict of the court of clergy, she was flogged with a whip. Many of the queen's entourage were executed.

The most terrible fate befell Stepan Glebov - he was tortured for a long time, seeking a confession in a conspiracy against the sovereign. Glebov, who confessed in connection with the tsarina, denied this accusation. He was executed by impalement and died painfully for 14 hours. Some contemporaries claimed that Evdokia was forced to be present at the execution of her lover.

Curse of Evdokia

The queen herself was transferred to the Ladoga Monastery, and seven years later to Shlisselburg.

She got an amazing fate - Evdokia survived her husband, the second wife of Peter, the son and even the grandson of Peter II, who released her from prison, allocated a financial allowance and restored her to all rights.

In 1730, after the sudden death of Peter II, Evdokia Lopukhina was named as a pretender to the throne. However, by that time she was already 60 years old, her health was undermined during her imprisonment.

Borel, P.F. Portrait of Evdokia Fedorovna Lopukhina, Elena in monasticism: [Print]. - 1854

Evdokia Lopukhina died on August 27, 1731 in Moscow, was buried in the Novodevichy Convent.

Evdokia Lopukhina is credited with a curse that prophesies death to Petersburg. " This place is empty to be!”- the queen allegedly exclaimed when she was taken to the monastery.

Someone believes that the prophecy was fulfilled during the monstrous blockade of Leningrad, someone sees its fulfillment in the loss of St. Petersburg's status as a capital, someone sees the devastation of the Northern capital in the future ...

For many ladies from the entourage of Peter I, acquaintance with him ended in tears. And not only for his former mistresses, but also for those who simply fell into the field of view of the great reformer.

Peter the Great - biography of the emperor's personal life

Let us digress from the universally recognized merits of the great Russian emperor to Russia - its enlightenment and transformations. Here, undoubtedly, there are no equals to Peter I. A somewhat different state of affairs was in his personal life. A study of the private biography of Peter I suggests that he was simply unable to love women, but could only use them. Probably for this reason, almost all of his women, even knowing about the vindictiveness and cruelty of the king, cheated on him.

The first wife of Peter I - Evdokia Lopukhina

In assessing the relationship of the heir to the throne of Peter I with his first married wife - Evdokia Fedorovna Lopukhina - historians are not unanimous. Some argue that even before the departure of the crowned spouse to Europe and the love affair with the beautiful German Anna Mons, the super-energetic Peter I was too bored with an absolutely “home” wife.

Others cite the surviving letters from the tsar to his wife from abroad, written by a man who sincerely misses his beloved woman... Be that as it may, the boyars Lev Naryshkin and Mikhailo Streshnev received a royal order from London: to tonsure the Russian tsarina and the mother of the heir to the throne as a nun.

On September 23, 1698, nun Elena appeared in the Suzdal Intercession Monastery. The queen resisted the tonsure as best she could: a young and full of strength woman did not agree to bury herself alive. It is noteworthy that she was sent to the monastery even before the actual return of Peter, that is, the husband did not even want to meet with his disgraced wife. Moreover, he exiled his wife without the slightest monetary support, humiliating the Russian tsarina to the level of a freeloader of the monastery.

In 1710, the stately major Glebov found himself in the monastery with a service opportunity. His love, completely non-political relationship with the former queen lasted seven years. Peter found out about her by accident. It would seem that he actually broke up with his ex-wife 20 years ago! However, he acted extremely cruelly with secret lovers: Glebov ordered to impale in front of the windows of Evdokia-Elena - so that he would suffer for a long time, and she would see his suffering ...

The second wife of Peter I - Catherine

On May 7, 1724, the Russian crown was received by the maid of the German pastor, the wife of the Swedish dragoon Johan Raabe, the daughter of the Lithuanian peasant Samuil Skavronsky - Martha. We know her as Empress Catherine I Alekseevna. It is believed that there was love and harmony between the reigning spouses. That's just the husband cheated on his married wife right and left. However, he himself was deceived - and cruelly avenged for it.

The brother of the former passion of Peter Anna Mons - Willim - went down in history as a man who cuckolded the emperor himself. By the way, Anna Mons was also not faithful to Peter I, but she saved her head from the ax - unlike her brother. His headless body was not removed from the place of execution for a week and buried without a funeral.
With the severed head of Mons, impaled on a pole, Peter forced his unfaithful wife to “admire”. He hoped to enjoy Catherine's despair, but not a single muscle twitched in her face. The frustrated husband ordered that the opponent's head be placed in a jar of alcohol and transferred to the Kunstkamera for storage.

Short novels and intrigues of Peter I

During his stay in the Dutch port of Saardam, Peter often visited the wives and widows of Dutch ship carpenters, paying for carnal pleasures in gold ducats. In 1717, from Amsterdam, he almost brought another “empress” to Russia: he liked the young daughter of a Dutch pastor. However, the pope did not give permission for the “wedding night” without announcing the marriage and the wedding in the Amsterdam Church (why is the daughter of a pastor worse than the daughter of a Lithuanian peasant?!)

At home, the king would not ask anyone - he took the girl by force, and her father would also thank God that everyone remained alive and well. But a pastor in Amsterdam is a completely different matter. I had to promise the future "father-in-law" everything he asked for. And the next morning, Peter sobered up ... The conflict had to be settled by the cunning baron Peter Shafirov. The deceived pastor was paid 1,000 ducats in pure gold for the virginity of his daughter. By European standards of the beginning of the 18th century, this is just an astronomical amount!

But in Russia, Peter did not care about anything and did not pay anyone anything - at best, he could successfully marry his mistress. The list of his women is long and cynical. A certain Avdotya Ivanovna, whom he called "Avdotya the boy-woman", married his batman Chernyshev. Having made her husband a general, he periodically visited an old acquaintance, not paying attention to his spouse.

His concubines were: the beautiful Princess Maria Yuryevna Cherkasskaya, both Golovkina sisters, Anna Kramer, Princess Kantemir, the daughter of the boyar Maria Matveeva, who later married Count Rumyantsev (Field Marshal Minikh claimed that the Russian commander Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky was the illegitimate son of the tsar).

But with Maria Hamilton, the chamber maid of honor of Catherine I, a tragedy happened. Having visited the royal bedroom, the ambitious girl remained in the field of view of the autocrat, becoming his mistress. Soon the tsar's passion came to naught, and Mary decided to seduce his batman in order to know everything about the tsar... On March 12, 1718, their relationship was accidentally opened. The woman was accused of stealing gold coins and diamonds belonging to Catherine I, as well as infanticide (according to one version, she strangled a newborn boy conceived by Peter).

According to the verdict of the court, Maria was beaten mercilessly in the square with a whip, and then sent into exile for a year - to a spinning mill. It would seem that everything was over, but Peter was not enough. The convicted Hamilton was returned to St. Petersburg, tried again and sentenced to death. On March 14, 1719, she ascended the scaffold...

After the execution, Peter the Great lifted the head of the unfortunate woman by the hair, kissed her twice on the mouth - and ordered her to be put in alcohol and placed in the Kunstkamera, next to the jar with the severed head of Mons.

Victims of royal curiosity

Those who admire the genius of Peter note his great curiosity in the natural sciences and medicine. However, not only his relatives, wives and mistresses suffered from the "medical practice" of the king, but also random women who saw the reformer for the first and last time in their lives.

He pulled out a completely healthy tooth with his own hands to the wife of his valet Poluboyarov. While in Moscow, Peter accidentally found out that the wife of the merchant Boret was suffering from dropsy. He broke into the merchant's house, personally cut the flesh of a sick woman and released more than 20 pounds of water from her body. But, not knowing what to do next, he waved his hand at his “patient” and ... left. The merchant's wife died the same day.

The tragedy also happened to the wife of Chief Marshal Olsufiev. She was nine months pregnant and could not come to the next Assembly. [The king is furious! He ordered the woman to be brought immediately and made to drink a huge glass of vodka. As a result, the unfortunate contractions began, the child was born dead. Peter calmly looked at the still warm baby body and ordered to place it in a jar of alcohol and take it to the Kunstkamera.

Already in the late 1780s, Princess Ekaterina Dashkova, who ran the Russian Academy of Sciences, began to check her accounts and noticed a surprisingly high consumption of alcohol. The caretaker explained that it was necessary to replace the alcohol in two jars of exhibits of the Kunstkamera - with human heads, male and female. Having raised the documents and learned that the severed heads belonged to Willim Mons and Maria Hamilton, Dashkova informed Empress Catherine II about this. Only after the order of the empress, the remains of Mons and Hamilton were buried according to the Orthodox rite and buried.

Plan
Introduction
1 Biography
1.1 Tongue
1.2 The case of Tsarevich Alexei
1.3 After the accession of Peter II

2 Petersburg to be empty
3 Children
4 In church activities

6 Bibliography
Bibliography

Introduction

Evdokia Fyodorovna Lopukhina
Praskovya Illarionovna Parsuna with the image of Evdokia Feodorovna Tsarina of Russia January 27, 1689 - 1698 Predecessor: Praskovya Saltykova Successor: Catherine I Birth: July 30, 1669 (1669-07-30)
Serebreno village, Meshchovsky district Death: August 27, 1731 (1731-08-27) (aged 62)
Moscow Dynasty: Romanovs Father: Illarion (Fedor) Avraamovich (Abramovich) Lopukhin Mother: Ustinya Bogdanovna Rtishcheva (Lopukhina) Spouse: Peter I Children: Alexei Petrovich (1690-1718)

Evdokia Fedorovna Lopukhina at Wikimedia Commons

Evdokia Fedorovna Lopukhina on Rodovod

Tsarina Evdokia Fedorovna nee Lopukhina (at birth Praskovya Illarionovna, monastic Elena; June 30 (July 9), 1669 - August 28 (September 7), 1731) - queen, first wife of Peter I (from January 27, 1689 to 1698), mother Tsarevich Alexei, the last Russian tsarina and the last reigning equal non-foreign wife of the Russian monarch.

1. Biography

Daughter of the boyar Fyodor Avraamovich Lopukhin, head of the archery, later okolnichiy and steward of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. She was born in the patrimonial estate of the village of Serebreno, Meshchovsky district. The city of Meshchovsk was the birthplace of Empress Evdokia Streshneva, the wife of Mikhail Fedorovich - the grandfather of Peter I. During the marriage, the name "Praskovya" was changed to a more harmonious and befitting for Empress "Evdokia", perhaps in honor of her compatriot, and also, perhaps, so as not to coincide with the name of the wife of the co-ruler of Peter I - Praskovya Saltykova, wife of Ivan V. The patronymic was changed to "Feodorovna" (traditionally, in honor of the Romanovs' shrine - the Feodorovskaya icon).

Figure located at the beginning "Books of love are a sign in an honest marriage", presented in 1689 as a wedding gift to Peter the Great.

She was chosen as the bride by Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna without agreeing this issue with the 16-year-old groom. To the idea that it was time for her son to get married, the mother was prompted by the news that Praskovya Saltykova was expecting a baby (2 months after the wedding of Peter and Lopukhina, Princess Maria Ivanovna was born). Natalya Kirillovna in this marriage was seduced by the fact that although the Lopukhins, who were among the Naryshkins' allies, were seedy, they were numerous, and she hoped that they would guard the interests of her son, being popular in the archery troops. Although there was talk about Peter's marriage to a relative of Golitsyn, the Naryshkins and Tikhon Streshnev prevented this.

The wedding of Peter I and Lopukhina took place on January 27, 1689 in the church of the Transfiguration Palace near Moscow. The event was significant for those who were waiting for Peter to replace the ruler Sophia, "because according to Russian concepts, a married person was considered an adult, and Peter in the eyes of his people received the full moral right to rid himself of his sister's guardianship."

Evdokia was brought up according to the old customs of Domostroy, and did not share the interests of her pro-Western husband. Boris Ivanovich Kurakin was married to her sister Xenia since 1691. He left a description of Evdokia in “History of Tsar Peter Alekseevich”: “And there was a princess with a fair face, only an average mind and disposition not similar to her husband, which is why she lost all her happiness and ruined her whole family ... True, at first love between them, the king Peter and his wife, was a fair amount, but only lasted a year. But then stopped; besides, Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna hated her daughter-in-law and wanted to see her with her husband more in disagreement than in love. And so it came to an end such that great deeds followed in the Russian state from this marriage, which were already obvious to the whole world ... "The Lopukhins, who soon after the wedding turned out to be" in sight "of court life, he characterizes as follows:"... people are evil , stingy tellers, of the lowest minds and who do not know the least in the courtiers ... And by that time everyone hated them and began to argue that if they came to mercy, they would destroy everyone and take over the state. And, in short, they were hated by everyone and everyone was looking for evil or danger from them.

Three sons were born from this marriage during the first three years: the younger ones, Alexander and Pavel, died in infancy, and the eldest, Tsarevich Alexei, born in 1690, was destined for a more fatal fate - he would die on the orders of his father in 1718.

Peter quickly lost interest in his wife and from 1692 became close in the German Quarter with Anna Mons. But while his mother was alive, the king did not openly show antipathy towards his wife. After the death of Natalya Kirillovna in 1694, when Peter left for Arkhangelsk, he ceased to maintain correspondence with her. Although Evdokia was also called the queen, and she lived with her son in the palace in the Kremlin, her relatives Lopukhins, who held prominent government posts, fell into disgrace. The young queen began to keep in touch with people who were dissatisfied with Peter's policies.

1.1. tonsured

In 1697, just before the tsar's departure abroad, in connection with the discovery of the conspiracy of Sokovnin, Tsykler and Pushkin, the tsarina's father and his 2 brothers, boyars Sergei and Vasily, were exiled as governors away from Moscow. In 1697, Peter, while in the Great Embassy, ​​from London instructed his uncle Lev Naryshkin and the boyar Tikhon Streshnev, as well as the tsarina's confessor, to persuade Evdokia to take a veil as a nun (according to the custom adopted in Rus' instead of divorce). Evdokia did not agree, referring to her son's infancy and his need for her. But on his return from abroad on August 25, 1698, the tsar went straight to Anna Mons.

Having visited his mistress on the first day and visited several more houses, the tsar saw his lawful wife only a week later, and not at home, but in the chambers of Andrei Vinius, head of the Post Office. Repeated persuasion was unsuccessful - Evdokia refused to get a haircut, and on the same day asked for the intercession of Patriarch Adrian, who interceded for her, but to no avail, only provoking Peter's fury. After 3 weeks, she was taken under escort to the monastery. (There are indications that he generally wanted to execute her first, but was persuaded by Lefort).

Evdokia Lopukhina in monastic vestments

On September 23, 1698, she was sent to the Suzdal-Pokrovsky Monastery (the traditional place of exile for queens), where she was tonsured under the name of Elena. The archimandrite of the monastery did not agree to mow her, for which he was taken into custody. In the Manifesto, later published in connection with the "case of Tsarevich Alexei", ​​Peter I formulated accusations against the former tsarina "... for some of her contradictions and suspicions." It is worth noting that in the same 1698, Peter tonsured his two half-sisters Martha and Theodosia for sympathy for the deposed Princess Sophia.

Six months later, she actually left monastic life, starting to live in a monastery as a laywoman, and in 1709-10 entered into a relationship with Major Stepan Glebov, who came to Suzdal to conduct recruiting, which was introduced to her by her confessor Fyodor Pustynny.

From a letter of gratitude from Evdokia to Peter: “Most merciful sovereign! In past years, and in which I do not remember, according to my promise, I was tonsured in the Suzdal Intercession Monastery in the old woman and was named Elena. And she went to the tonsure in a monastic dress for half a year; and not wanting to be a monk, leaving monasticism and throwing off her dress, she lived in that monastery secretly, under the guise of monasticism, as a laywoman ... "

According to some indications, the Glebovs were neighbors of the Lopukhins, and Evdokia could have known him since childhood.

From a letter from Evdokia to Glebov: “My light, my father, my soul, my joy! To know that the damned hour is coming, that I should part with you! It would be better if my soul parted with my body! Oh my light! How can I be in the world without you, how can I be alive? Already my accursed heart has heard a lot of something sickening, for a long time everything has been crying for me. Oh, I'm with you, to know, it will grow. I don't have you dearer, by God! Oh, my dear friend! Why are you so nice to me? I don't have my life in the world anymore! Why were you angry with me, my soul? Why didn't you write to me? Wear, my heart, my ring, loving me; and I made the same for myself; then I took it from you "..."

1.2. The case of Tsarevich Alexei

Suzdal Intercession Monastery

Sympathy for the exiled queen remained. Bishop Dosifey of Rostov prophesied that Evdokia would soon be queen again and commemorated her in churches as a "great empress". They also predicted that Peter would reconcile with his wife and leave the newly founded St. Petersburg and his reforms. All this was revealed from the so-called. Kikinsky search in the case of Tsarevich Alexei in 1718, during the trial of which Peter learned about her life and relations with opponents of reforms. Her participation in the conspiracy was revealed. Captain Lieutenant Skornyakov-Pisarev was sent to Suzdal to search for her, who arrested her along with her supporters.

On February 3, 1718, Peter gives him a command: “Decree of the bombardment company to captain-lieutenant Pisarev. You should go to Suzdal and there, in the cells of my ex-wife and her favorites, inspect the letters, and if there are suspicious ones, take those letters from whom they were taken out for arrest and bring them along with the letters, leaving the guard at the gate.

Skornyakov-Pisarev found the former tsarina in a secular dress, and in the church of the monastery he found a note where she was commemorated not as a nun, but “To our pious great sovereign, tsarina and Grand Duchess Evdokia Feodorovna”, and wished her and Tsarevich Alexei “a prosperous stay and a peaceful life , health and salvation, and in all good haste, now and henceforth, the future many and countless years, in a prosperous stay, many years of health. .

Tsarevich Alexei, the only surviving son of Evdokia

During interrogation, Glebov testified, “And I fell in love with her through the old woman Kaptelina and lived with her fornication.” Elders Martemyan and Kaptelina testified that “nun Elena let her lover in to her day and night, and Stepan Glebov hugged and kissed her, and we were either sent to cut quilted jackets to our cells, or nursed out.” Captain Lev Izmailov, who conducted a search of the guard, found 9 letters from the queen at Glebov's. In them, she asked to leave the military service, and to achieve the position of governor in Suzdal, recommended how to succeed in various matters, but mainly they were devoted to their love passion. Evdokia herself testified: “I lived fornication with him while he was at the recruiting set, and that’s my fault.” In a letter to Peter, she confessed everything and asked for forgiveness so that she "do not die a worthless death."

On February 14, Pisarev arrested everyone and took them to Moscow. On February 20, 1718, a confrontation between Glebov and Lopukhina took place in the Preobrazhensky dungeon, who did not lock themselves in their relationship. Glebov was blamed for the letters "digital", in which he poured out "dishonest reproaches concerning the banner of the high person of His Royal Majesty, and to indignation against His Majesty the people." The Austrian Player wrote to his homeland: "Major Stepan Glebov, tortured in Moscow with a terribly whip, red-hot iron, burning coals, tied to a post on a board with wooden nails for three days, did not confess to anything." Then Glebov was impaled and suffered for 14 hours before dying. According to some instructions, Evdokia was forced to be present at the execution and was not allowed to close her eyes and turn away.

After a brutal search, other supporters of Evdokia were also executed, others were beaten with a whip and exiled. In sympathy for Evdokia, the monks and nuns of the Suzdal monasteries, the Krutitsa Metropolitan Ignatius and many others were convicted. Abbess of the Intercession Monastery Marfa, treasurer Mariamne, nun Kapitolina and several other nuns were tried and executed on Red Square in Moscow in March 1718. The council of clergy sentenced her to beating herself with a whip, and in their presence she was flogged. On June 26 of the same year, her only son, Tsarevich Alexei, died by the sentence of his father. In December 1718, her brother Lopukhin, Abram Fedorovich, was executed.

As a result, in 1718 she was transferred from Suzdal to the Ladoga Assumption Monastery, where she lived for 7 years under strict supervision until the death of her ex-husband. In 1725, she was sent to Shlisselburg, where Catherine I kept her in strict secret custody as a state criminal under the name of a "famous person" (Eudokia posed a greater threat to the new empress, whose rights were dubious, than to her husband, the real Romanov).

1.3. After the accession of Peter II

Peter II and Grand Duchess Natalya Alekseevna - grandchildren of Evdokia

With the accession of her grandson Peter II (a few months later), she was honorably transported to Moscow and lived first in the Ascension Monastery in the Kremlin, then in the Novodevichy Convent - in the Lopukhin Chambers. The Supreme Privy Council issued a Decree on the restoration of the honor and dignity of the queen with the withdrawal of all documents discrediting her and canceled its decision of 1722 on the appointment of an heir by the Emperor of his own intent, without regard to the rights to the throne (although Alexander Menshikov strongly resisted this). She was given a large allowance and a special courtyard. 4,500 rubles were allocated for its maintenance. per year, upon the arrival of Peter II in Moscow, the amount was increased to 60 thousand rubles. annually. Lopukhina did not play any role at the court of Peter II.

After the death of Peter II in 1730, the question arose of who would become his heir, and Evdokia was mentioned among the candidates. There is evidence that Evdokia Feodorovna refused the throne offered to her by members of the Supreme Privy Council.

She died in 1731 during the reign of Empress Anna Ioannovna, who treated her with respect and came to her funeral. Before her death, her last words were: "God gave me to know the true price of greatness and earthly happiness." She was buried in the cathedral church of the Novodevichy Convent near the southern wall of the Cathedral of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God next to the tombs of Princesses Sophia and her sister Ekaterina Alekseevna.

2. Petersburg to be empty

1. Alexey Petrovich (1690-1718)

2. Alexander Petrovich (prince) (1691-1692).

3. Pavel Petrovich (prince) (1693)

4. In church activities

· The village of Dunilovo, Vladimir Region, is named after Evdokia and belonged to the Lopukhins. In the Pokrovsky Cathedral of the village there is a miraculous icon - the contribution of Evdokia and Peter.

· In 1691-94, at her command, the 3rd tier was added to the refectory of the Andronikov Monastery, in which the Church of Michael the Archangel with a chapel of St. Peter and Paul. She took the lower tier under the family tomb, setting up icons of the Sign of the Mother of God there.

· In 1748, in the village of Tinkovo ​​near Kaluga, a miraculous image of the Most Holy Theotokos was revealed, later called Kaluga. “On this icon, the Mother of God deigned to appear in a guise strikingly similar to the lifetime portrait of Tsaritsa Evdokia in monastic robes with an open book, written during her stay in the Intercession Monastery almost 40 years before finding this shrine.”

6. Bibliography

M. Semevsky "Evdokia Fedorovna Lopukhina" ("Russian Bulletin", 1859, No. 9)

Esipov "The Liberation of Tsarina Evdokia Feodorovna" ("Russian Bulletin", vol. XXVIII)

Bibliography:

1. Meshchovsk became related to St. Petersburg

2. I.e. not in a morganatic marriage.

3. N.I. Kostomarov. Russian history in the biographies of its main figures

4. Balyazin V. N. Unofficial history. Russia. The beginning of the Petrine era

5. V. N. Balyazin. Peter the Great and his heirs

6. Kolpakidi A. I. Seryakov M. L. Shield and sword. Heads of state security bodies of Moscow Rus, the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation

7. From the book of B. P. Kraevsky “Lopukhins in the history of the Fatherland”, Moscow, ed. Centerpolygraph, 2001

Lopukhina became the first wife of Peter the Great and the last Russian tsarina, she managed to live in the royal chambers, monastic cells and prison cells.

Oh this wedding

When Natalya Kirillovna, Peter's mother, decided to hastily marry her heir, she thought about her son's feelings last. In a difficult political situation, marriage was a serious matter of state, and not a way to resolve amorous issues. The throne was shared by two kings at once, and one of them, Ivan V, had already married and was even about to become a father, and the second, Peter I, was still considered a minor and was largely dependent on his regent sister. Under such conditions, there was no particular choice: it was necessary to marry as soon as possible, and even preferably with a girl from a friendly family.

The choice of Natalya Kirillovna fell on Praskovya Lopukhina - she would be called Evdokia later. She was a representative of an ignoble, but supportive family to the Naryshkins. Moreover, there were so many Lopukhins that this also could not but inspire confidence: in an extraordinary situation, numerous relatives had to support Evdokia and her husband.

On January 27 (February 6), 1689, Peter and Evdokia were married in the church of the Transfiguration Palace. The newly-made husband at that time was sixteen years old, and the young wife was already in her twentieth year.

“And the princess had a fair face ...”

How the first year of their married life passed is known from the "History of Tsar Peter Alekseevich and people close to him." The author of this work is Boris Ivanovich Kurakin, an associate of Peter I and part-time husband of Ksenia Lopukhina, Evdokia's sister.

“And the princess had a fair face, only an average mind and a disposition not similar to her husband, which is why she lost all her happiness and ruined her whole family ... True, at first the love between them, Tsar Peter and his wife, was fair, but only lasted a year . But then stopped; besides, Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna hated her daughter-in-law and wanted to see her with her husband more in disagreement than in love. And so it came to an end such that from this marriage great deeds followed in the Russian state, which were already obvious to the whole world ... ”Kurakin wrote.

The whole Lopukhin family was also awarded an unflattering characterization: “People are evil, stingy tell-tales, of the lowest minds and who do not know a thing about getting around the yard ... And by that time everyone hated them and began to argue that if they came to mercy, they would destroy everyone and take over the state. And, in short, they were hated by everyone and everyone was looking for evil or danger from them.

As Kurakin correctly noted, Peter quickly lost interest in his wife, who did not share his progressive views. The new passion of the king was Anna Mons. Despite this, during the first three years of their marriage, the prolific Evdokia bore Peter three sons. True, two of them died as babies. Only Aleksey survived, but fate prepared a harsh fate for him.

Monastic life

During the life of Natalya Kirillovna, Peter did not allow harsh statements about Evdokia and tried to behave respectfully towards her, but after the death of his mother and his co-ruler Ivan V, the objectionable wife, who also contacted Peter's opponents, was decided to be tonsured a nun.

However, it turned out that Evdokia is not a blunder lady. In the monastery, she led a habitual way of life, received guests and even took a lover. This unfortunate man turned out to be Major Stepan Glebov.

“My light, my father, my soul, my joy! To know that the damned hour is coming, that I should part with you! It would be better if my soul parted with my body! Oh my light! How can I be in the world without you, how can I be alive? Already my accursed heart has heard a lot of something sickening, for a long time everything has been crying for me. Oh, I'm with you, to know, it will grow. I don't have you dearer, by God! Oh, my dear friend! Why are you so nice to me? I don't have my life in the world anymore! Why were you angry with me, my soul? Why didn't you write to me? Wear, my heart, my ring, loving me; and I made the same for myself; I took it from you, ”wrote Evdokia Glebov.

Their secret was revealed in 1718, when the "case of Tsarevich Alexei" was being investigated. Glebov was subjected to monstrous torture and executed. According to some reports, Evdokia was even forced to be present during the massacre of her lover.

After that, the former queen was transferred to another monastery, where she was kept as a criminal. When Peter died, Catherine I ordered Evdokia to be completely locked up in the Shlisselburg fortress. The woman returned to a free life only with the accession of Peter II, her grandson. She died at the age of 62 during the reign of Anna Ioannovna.