The game can be played in the presence of all children; they observe the actions of their comrades.
Formation of tactile-motor choice according to a model in the perception of shape, size, spatial location and subject relevance
Tactile-motor choice based on a sample is closely related to visual perception, with the form in which the sample will be given. Only in one case does the child rely entirely on tactile-motor perception, when we have a tactile-motor pattern, that is, the child acts without the participation of vision. But, as a rule, the sample is given either visually or in a mixed way - visual-tactile. In these cases, vision is actively involved in choosing an object, and contact with the object helps the child get the image as a whole. Selecting by touch should not be offered to children before they learn to make this choice visually.
In all games, it is imperative to monitor the formation of the palpation and tracing movement itself, the correct movement of the hand over the object, so that during this palpation the child records both general (size, shape, object relatedness) and more specific (presence of main details , their relationship to the whole, etc.) characteristics of these objects.
"Wonderful bag"
Target. Learn to select objects by touch, develop attention, and form an emotionally positive attitude towards the game.
Equipment. Pouch made of opaque fabric with a drawstring, paired items.
Progress of the game. 1st option (the sample is given visually). In front of the teacher on the table are two sets of completely identical toys - two balls, two dolls, two toy plates, two ducklings, etc. The teacher takes a couple of objects, examines them with the children and names them, paying attention mainly to the fact that the objects are the same . And then he puts one of them into the bag. Same with the other pair of objects. The rest of the items lying on the table are covered with a napkin or covered with a screen. Children take turns approaching the teacher. He takes out one of the objects from under the napkin, invites the child to look at it without picking it up, and then find the same one in the bag. The child takes out the desired object by touch and compares it with the sample. If the choice is made correctly, the teacher says: “Misha guessed correctly. There is a duckling on the table, and he took the duckling out of the bag.” When playing the game again, you can put three, then four, then five objects into the bag.
To play we need a magic bag. A small handbag or a regular sock (preferably large) is suitable for this. You will need to put small items in the bag (small toys, Kinder Surprise figurines, eraser, buttons, etc.). Now let the child try to determine by touch what he is holding in his hands.
What does it develop?
Speech, imagination, improves tactile sensations, spatial perception, memory, visual representation and expressive speech.
To play you will need:
- magic bag;
- small objects of various shapes and sizes. Number of items – at least 20 (based on at least 5-6 items per participant).
How to play (rules)
Step 1.
Step 2. How to choose items for the bag
Step 3. Give the magic bag to the child.
Step 4. If the child immediately names the object from the bag
Step 5. How to continue the game
Step 6. When all the children have learned what is in the bag, the game can be continued in a different way.
Important to remember!
This game is suitable for children from 3 years of age, when they can already speak and name an object in at least one word.
Collection of games
Didactic game “Wonderful bag”
Tasks: improve the ability to identify a fruit or vegetable by touch by its shape, correctly name its color, develop attention, memory, oral speech
Attributes: bag, dummies of vegetables and fruits.
Progress of the game: the teacher shows the bag and says:
I am a wonderful bag
I'm a friend to all the guys.
I really want to know
How do you like to play?
Children put dummies of vegetables and fruits into a bag. Then, one by one, they take an object from the bag, determine by touch what it is, name it, and then take it out.
After this, the children gather in groups “Vegetables”, “Fruits”.
Didactic game “Whole and Part”
Tasks: develop the ability to select pairs of pictures depicting a whole fruit and its part, develop oral speech, attention, and memory.
Attributes: pictures of whole fruits and their parts.
Progress of the game: 2 children are playing. One has pictures of a whole fruit, the other has pictures of a part of it. One player lays out his picture, names what is depicted on it, and the other must choose the corresponding one.
Note:
Didactic game “Two Baskets”
Tasks: improve the ability to distinguish between vegetables and fruits, learn to use generalizing words in speech, develop oral speech, memory, and attention.
Attributes: two baskets, subject pictures of vegetables and fruits.
Progress of the game: Children take turns taking a picture, calling what is depicted on it, determining which group it belongs to and putting it in the appropriate basket.
Note: the game can be individual.
Outdoor game “Vegetables and fruits”
Tasks: teach to distinguish fruits and vegetables by their appearance, develop attention and observation.
Attributes: subject pictures of vegetables and fruits
Progress of the game: In the center of the circle there are pictures of vegetables and fruits. Children walk in a circle saying:
“One, two, three - take any object!” Children take any object and organize groups “Vegetables”, “Fruits”.
Outdoor game “Tops and Roots”
Tasks: consolidate knowledge about the way vegetables grow, develop attention, visual and auditory perception, and memory.
Attributes: dummies of vegetables or natural vegetables.
Progress of the game:Option 1: an adult shows a vegetable (models or natural), children name it and show with movements where it grows; if on the ground, they raise their hands up; if underground, they squat. A child can also act as an adult and show the vegetables himself.
Option 2: the adult only says the name of the vegetable, and the children show with their movements where it grows.
Didactic game “What juice?” (“What jam?”)
Tasks: improve the ability to distinguish and name fruits, learn to form adjectives, develop oral speech, attention, and memory.
Attributes: basket, pictures of fruits
Progress of the game: Children take turns taking a picture from the basket, calling the pictured fruit and saying what the juice (or jam) from this fruit will be called. For example:
"This apple is apple juice."
Didactic game “Clap your hands”
Tasks: consolidate the ability to hear the names of vegetables and fruits, find them in pictures, develop auditory attention,
Attributes: subject pictures on the topic
Progress of the game: a poem is read, children must remember and name the vegetables (or fruits, or berries, or mushrooms, depending on the topic) that were mentioned in the poem, and show or post pictures with their images. When the poem is read a second time, children clap their hands if they hear the name of a vegetable (fruit, berries, mushrooms).
In the garden
There you are carrot
red head,
The tail is green.
There you are turnip
And the cucumber is strong,
Gilded by the sun.
On the ranks cabbage
The heads of cabbage are huddled together thickly
In the shaggy leaves,
Here peas sweet,
The grains are ok
They sleep in moustached pods.
What delicious people
Populated our garden!
***
Good autumn has come,
She brought us gifts.
Apples fragrant,
Peaches fluffy,
Pears golden,
Autumn has arrived.
V. Volina
Miracle garden
People are surprised:
What kind of miracle garden is this?
Here radish there is also salad,
Onion, parsley And spinach.
Tomatoes, cucumbers
They mature together - well done!
AND potato, And cabbage
They grow densely in the beds.
And everyone says in unison:
"We are growing here for the kids.
For diligence and work
The whole harvest will be reaped."
I'll make a salad...
I'll make a salad
Crumble into a large bowl
cucumbers, leek, spinach,
Tomatoes And radish.
I'll chop it finely dill,
And I'll season everything with sour cream.
I need vitamins for future use
I won’t get tired of stocking up.
Vegetable counting
In Yegor's garden
Pumpkin, turnips, tomatoes.
In Ivan's garden
Zucchini And eggplants.
you will plant squash,
Get out of the circle
became pumpkin ask us:
It's hot! Give us a drink!
We quickly got a watering can
And they watered the whole family:
So that the good guys get stronger -
Zucchini And cucumbers,
Thank you, friends!
My family got drunk!
Like in a hare's canteen
In the clearing there is a pine stump,
Lunch is on the tree stump
And what's not there
AND cabbage,And potato,
A pile of fresh peas
AND parsley a little bit.
And to the little bunnies
Sweet grass in the mountain
By carrots one.
After all carrot from the garden
Sweeter than chocolate!
There are many beds in the garden
There are also turnip, And salad.
Here and from century, And peas
A potato is it bad?
Our green garden
It will feed us for a whole year!
***
In summer, a garden is like a city!
It contains one hundred thousand citizens:
tomato, peas, cabbage,
zucchini And eggplant.
Our garden
Our autumn garden is beautiful
In him plum there is also grape
On the branches like toys
AND apples,And pears.
We will collect the fruits in the morning
And we'll invite all the neighbors.
And let's wave to the sun
“Thank you, autumn!” let's say.
Summer garden
How beautiful it is, the summer garden,
Always rich in fruits.
Cherry a whole series of slim people -
The berries burn like ruby.
It grows nearby and plum,
The juicy fruits are beautiful.
Grush And apples aroma,
Everyone would be happy to eat one.
A bowl of fruit
A tall vase stands on the table.
Rays play in blue crystal.
We will put fragrant in a vase banana
A gift from distant tropical countries.
Let's add lemon, orange, tangerine.
And after lunch we will eat fruit!
T. Shorygin
In our garden
No radishes more beautiful.
How juicy, red, round,
Don't look how small it is.
turnip also a success
It lit up like a yellow sun.
Well, is the onion really bad?
An old man in a hundred clothes?
N. Nishcheva
Planted in the garden ;
Tomatoes And potato,
A little carrots, cucumbers.
For the tomboy brothers.
Tomato Alyoshka tore it off
Now the cat is full.
And Maxim is eating cucumber.
Our boy is great.
He sits smartly in the garden
Here it is torn out carrot.
Eating carrots Cat Cat,
Who came into our garden?
The boys give everyone a treat.
They force you to eat the vitamin.
A. Maksakov
What grows in our garden bed
cucumbers, peas with nice.
Tomatoes And dill
For seasoning and for testing.
Eat radish And salad,
Our garden bed is just a treasure.
But watermelons don't grow here.
If you listened carefully,
I definitely remembered it.
Answer in order.
What's growing in our garden bed?
V. Korkin
Didactic game “Say the Word”
Tasks: development of attention, memory, improvement of knowledge about vegetables and fruits.
Progress of the game: The adult reads and the children add words.
Here in the spring it was empty, in the summer... (cabbage) grew.
The sun would shine so that the green would become brighter... (dill).
We collect very large... (potatoes) in a basket.
The ground is wet from the rain - get out, fatty... (beets).
From the ground - by the forelock we pull a juicy... (carrot).
The grandson helps his grandfather - he collects ... (onions) from the beds.
Grandfather Fedushka asks: - Gather more... (parsley).
Here is a green fatty - large, smooth... (zucchini).
Now let's go to the garden, there... (the grapes) are already ripe.
They grew very juicy and beautiful on the branches of... (plums).
For Seryozha and Marina we are picking... (tangerines).
For Vanyusha and Katyusha we will collect ... (pears) in a basket.
Let's not forget very sour... (lemons) for Alena.
For the filling in the pies we put... (apples).
That's all! Although we were tired, we reaped all the harvest!
Didactic game “Big - small”
Target: teach children word formation using diminutive suffixes: cucumber - cucumber, tomato - tomato...
Didactic game “Name as many signs as possible”
Target: teach children to agree nouns with adjectives
Carrots (what kind?) - orange, long, sweet, healthy, firm
tomato (what?) - red, juicy, appetizing, round
Cucumber (what kind?) - oval, crispy, green, long, fragrant
Didactic game “We are a few wizards - there was one, but there are many”
Target: teach children the formation of the plural of nouns:
Cucumber - cucumbers, apple - apples, pear - ..., plum - ..., peach - ..., banana - .... etc.
Didactic game “Listen to the riddle - draw the answer”
Green branches grow in the garden bed,
And there are red children on them. (tomatoes)
Although I’m called sugar, I didn’t get wet from the rains.
Large, round, sweet in taste, did you know?
I... (beets).
In the summer in the garden - fresh, green,
And in winter in a barrel - yellow, salty.
Well done, guess what our name is?.. (Cucumbers)
What they dug out of the ground,
Fried, boiled?
What we baked in the ashes
Did they praise you? (potato)
Didactic game “Continue the phrase”
Lemon is sour, and apple...... (sweet);
The lemon is oval, and the apple is….. (round);
The lemon is yellow and the apple………(red).
Didactic game “Guess by description”
Green, crispy, pimply (cucumber)
Red, juicy, bulk (tomato)
Crumbly, fried, aromatic (potatoes)
White, curly, cauliflower (cabbage)
Round, orange, large (pumpkin)
Spicy, medicinal, green (onion)
Manual "Wonderful bag"
Murygina Maria Trofimovna, teacher of MBDOU “Kindergarten No. 34”, IvanovoDescription of material: This manual will be of interest to kindergarten teachers, as well as parents of preschool children.
The purpose of working with the “Wonderful Bag”: improving tactile sensations and perception; developing the ability to recognize and name objects; speech development.
In kindergartens, the “Wonderful Bag” is often used in classes. It is usually made of fabric and looks like a bag with ties or an elastic band; some people use a small basin and a towel.
This is the “Wonderful Bag” I made from fabric and a large plastic water bottle:
As a result of using the teaching aid “wonderful bag,” children develop the ability to determine what an object is by its characteristic external features, that is, by its shape. Also, the “wonderful bag” can be used to develop speech and imagination.
There are two types of games with the “miracle bag”:
1) children of primary preschool age can be asked to name an object by first pulling it out of the bag.
2) the child needs to put his hand into the bag, feel the object and name it, without seeing what it is specifically; so that children do not get confused, you can first put 1 object, and then, when they understand how to play, several more.
In addition to the main task, players may be given additional ones:
- describe the object you come across (color, size, taste, material) or animal (what it does, where it lives);
- tell what fairy tale this object or hero is from;
- describe the object so that other children guess it.
For very young children, you can offer this way to choose a toy with which he will then play. To do this, they are first shown the objects that are placed in the bag, and then each one in turn takes out his own.
This game is suitable for children from 3 years of age, when they can already speak and name an object in at least one word.
Examples of games with the “wonderful bag”:
"Baby Animals"Goal: consolidate the names of baby animals
Children's age: 3-4 years
Small toys are placed in the bag: fox, pig, chicken, duckling, calf, bunny, kitten, bear, lion. The teacher, holding a bag, approaches the children, offers to take out one toy from there, show it to everyone and name it loudly. The teacher ensures that the children correctly and clearly pronounce the names of the baby animal: fox, piglet, chicken, duckling, calf, hare, kitten, bear cub, lion cub. If someone finds it difficult to name a toy, the teacher helps him.
"Vegetables fruits"
Goal: to consolidate knowledge about fruits and vegetables.
Children's age: 3-4 years
Various vegetables and fruits are placed in the bag. 2 baskets are placed on the table (one for vegetables, the other for fruits).
The child selects one item in the “wonderful bag” and takes it out, the teacher asks: “What is this?”, the child answers. If the vegetable or fruit was named correctly, the teacher asks: “Which basket will you put it in?” If the child makes a mistake, the teacher asks other children.
The didactic game “Wonderful Bag” promotes the development of tactile-motor perception in children. This game is widely used in their practice by educational psychologists, defectologists, speech therapists, and educators. The secret hidden in the wonderful bag arouses interest, curiosity and inquisitiveness in the child, and therefore motivates him to learn. There are several options for the game.
First option. To play you will need several toys according to the number of players. First, the children play in them, and after a while the adult shows them a “wonderful bag” and says that you can hide toys in it and then find them. Invites children to put their toys in a bag. He tightens the lace, shakes the bag and asks the child to find his toy without looking into the bag.
If the child chooses the toy correctly, feeling it with one hand, he names it himself or with the help of an adult. If the toy is chosen incorrectly, the adult puts it back in the bag and takes out the correct one. At this stage, it is important to teach the child how to properly feel the toy, show how to move his fingers, paying attention to the shape, size, texture, and parts of the object. Then another child looks for his toy.
Second option. To play, you need paired objects, for example, two balls, two dolls, two toy plates, two ducklings. An adult takes a couple of objects, examines them with the children, names them, paying attention to the fact that the objects are the same. And then puts one of them into the bag. The same goes for the other pair of objects. Cover the remaining items with a napkin.
Tactile perception is important in determining the temperature and weight of objects, as well as in mastering manual skills. When performing many habitual actions, we hardly use vision and rely on tactile-motor sensitivity.
Children take turns approaching the teacher. He takes out one of the objects from under the napkin, invites the child to look at it without picking it up, and then find the same one in the bag. The child takes out the desired object by touch and compares it with the sample. If the choice is correct, the adult says: “You identified the toy correctly. There is a duckling on the table, and you took the duckling out of the bag.” When playing the game again, you can drop three, then four, five objects, etc. into the bag.
You can simplify the task slightly if the children cannot cope. The child not only examines the sample toy, but also feels it.
Third option. A more difficult task faces the child when he does not see the sample, but only feels it. An adult puts objects into a bag behind a screen (partition), that is, children do not see what objects are in the bag. The adult takes out a sample object from under the napkin and lets the child feel it behind the screen, and then find the same one in the bag. When the object is taken out of the bag, the adult shows the children a sample and they compare them. If the item is found correctly, then the child’s actions are encouraged. If he made a mistake, then the object is put back into the bag, child 
feels another sample and finds its pair in the bag.
When choosing objects for the game, it is important to remember the rule: in all variants the game is played with sharply different objects, and as tactile-motor choice is mastered, objects that are more similar in shape are used. The choice should first be made from two or three items, and then their number can increase.
In my practice, I use not only the “wonderful bag”, but also the “wonderful box”. To do this, in a cardboard box with a lid, in its side walls, I cut two holes. The size of each hole should be such that a child’s hand can easily fit through it. The difference between this option is that the child has a more convenient way of examining an object - with both hands at the same time.
In addition, I use Wald's pre-made Miracle Pouch kit. It consists of 15 pairs of turning figures (30 pieces in total) and a cotton bag. The figurines are made of wood, their size is 3–4 cm. The figurines themselves are real objects - Christmas trees, acorns, cast iron, nesting dolls, etc. They are made of a homogeneous material, which allows the child to focus not on the texture, but on the shape of objects.
Nailya Khairetdinova, teacher-defectologist, Moscow
