Jump in development. Calendar of age crises from a child

For its first year of life, the crumb makes phenomenal successes - he learns to control his limbs, acquires new skills, and, of course, adds in weight and grows. Any new event or skill leaves an emotional trail in a child who requires exit.

You have noticed more than once, as after bright impressions, the child becomes capricious and falls asleep badly. Pediatricians note that even the growth rate of growth is too heavy for the baby, and even distinguish several crisis episodes that occur in the life of each infant.

The baby can start to capricious and constantly ask for hands only to you, while the prerequisites are like this and not: it is not sick, the gums do not get it, but the tummy is calm. The fact is that children have several height jumps before a year, when their behavior changes dramatically. Such development crises scare parents, and sometimes they can bring to white cation, because often the kaprises of the child look like a mockery and verification.

Nevertheless, pediatricians and psychologists ask parents of children under a year to understand that such whims are crisis of development inherent in absolutely to all kids.

Weight set pace

According to the development standards of children developed by WHO on the basis of statistical data, the growth of infants in the first year of life is undergoing significant changes. Until the six-month age, this figure should increase by 2.5 cm each month. After half a year, the growth rate slightly slows down: a month will grow by 1.5 cm.

By the end of the first year, the child's growth should increase by 50% on those indications that neonatologists in the hospital recorded.

The peculiarity of the development and increase in the growth of children up to the year is that they grow not smoothly and evenly, but jumps. At the same time, on average, such "jerks" occur in the same periods and conjugate with certain emotional difficulties.

When are height jumps?

• The very first height leap is celebrated in children up to a year in a temporary segment between 1-3 weeks of life;
• the second growth jump will be at your infant at the outcome of the second month of life - from 6 to 8 week;
• after a long break, the next growth jump is observed in children up to a year in 3 months;
• the fourth jump on average in kids occurs in six months;
• the last jerk during the first year of life will occur at the age of 9 months.

Growth jumps in children up to year will not necessarily take place in the designated time periods, as each child is developing in its pace. There are such jerks on average in children about 2-3 days. But some kids have such crises of development can be delayed for a week.

How to determine what it came?

1. The child during the jump growth rises appetite. The kid will constantly demand to eat, and because of this, feeding and sleeping is possible. In nursing mothers who cannot visually assess the volume of milk eaten by the baby, the impression may arise that their lactation decreased, so the baby does not eat and constantly wakes up and asks the chest. Mothers of artificials are easier to recognize the growth jump, as they will see that in a baby's bottle is enough.
2. Breasts begins to be very capricious and cry for any reason, while you will not see the child with the reasons that cause such behavior. Its temperature will be normal, in general appearance It will be healthy, and you do not notice any other signs of the disease.
3. The usual ways to calm the kid in development crises sharply cease to work. Yesterday, you could distract the child with a bright rattle, and today he drops it with sobs and pulls her handles to you.
4. The child becomes "manual", calm down and falls asleep, just being close to you.
5. The baby begins to sleep very sensitively and at the same time falls asleep for a long time.
6. Breasts loses the feeling of security, and does not give you to move in your affairs. Even the guests who came to the house, which the baby had already seen, can scare him and bring to the hysterical.

The active process of growth requires more energy and elements from the baby, of which its muscular and bone tissue are being built. That is why children in the period of such jerks do not seem to eat and constantly want to eat. An adult child can voice his wishes with the help of words, and the baby has a single tool - crying. If you do not be able to understand the baby and feed it when it requires it, the baby will constantly be capricious and poorly fall asleep.

Another reason for the capricious behavior of children during this period of jerks is the changes occurring in the body. Just imagine what happens inside the baby at this time - the tissues grow, the vessels and connecting elements are stretched. Of course, such an active growth will be delivered to a certain discomfort, which will be poured into the capricious behavior and the desire to find consolation and heat in the arms of the most expensive person. You will notice that the baby calms down exclusively with you, and with dad and grandmothers, he begins to be capricious even stronger.

It is important to recognize the occurrence of the crisis on time and do not confuse it with the usual checks of the boundaries permitted among children. Education of a child is a big responsibility, and the wrong attitude towards whims can leave the mark on the psyche or to affect its further behavior.

If you are too strict in the jumping jump, the baby can lose faith in you or will still be stronger to wish your guardianship, it depends on the temperament and your hardness.

Potting the same peaks, which will lead to the fact that the crocha will always use tears, knowing that with their help he can achieve.

If the age of infants approximately corresponds to the average time period, when the crisis must come, its behavior has deteriorated in one day, and the whims pass on the background of a very good appetite, "it means that your baby really transfers the growth jump.

How to behave?

1. Cake a child when he asks. If the artificial is not eaten by the usual portion of the mixture - dive else, do not be afraid that he reest. Nursing mothers should also go to feeding mode on demand. Do not be afraid that milk in the chest is not enough to satisfy the increased appetites of the baby, because the sucking of the baby and the devastation of the mammary glands, on the contrary,.
2. Drink more fluid and manifold balanced not to disrupt breast milk production and provide a child up to the year with nutrients needed.
3. If you can - ask for loved ones to help you at the farm in this short period. You should relax more, because constant feeding and inappropriate will be pulled out. The stressful situation can lead to a decrease in lactation.
4. You do not need to try to immediately return the formerly installed day of the day, wait a little while the height jump and the child's development will pass, and then begin to level the schedule. The baby is now pretty hard, he needs your support and caress, and not a rigor.
5. Remember what the behavior of the baby up to a year is associated with races of growth and development. The crisis will soon end, so you are taking patience, do not passion on the crumb, no matter how difficult for you. Keep calm, because your nervousness will necessarily affect the behavior of the baby.
6. If the baby wants - we carry it on the hands at least all day. You can put a child in, so your hands will be released for home affairs and a little spin will unload, the baby will feel your warmth.
7. Constantly talk with the child, describe what you are busy and why you do it. I hear your voice, the baby will behave calmly because it will feel your presence.

Both adults and children throughout their lives pass through different age crises. According to the statements of psychologists, the majority of crisis jumps related to age occurs in childhood and during the execution period. This is easily explained by the fact that it was during these years a person has the most dynamic development that requires constant change.

The formation of common and neuropsychic reactivity in children is unevenly. This process is characterized by periodic jumps. Such sufficiently sharp and stormy high-quality explosions are replaced by periods of more relaxing development. Children's crises are divided into 5 main phases:

1. Newborn crisis. This phase lasts 6-8, sometimes 9 weeks after birth.
2. Early childhood crisis. It falls at the age of 12 - 18, 19 months (we recommend reading :).
3. Crisis for 3 years. It can start for another 2 years and stretch up to 4.
4. The crisis is 6-8 years old (we recommend reading :).
5. The crisis of the adolescence. It happens at 12, 13, 14 years old.

Newborn crisis

Among specialists it is customary to consider children's crisiswhich is experiencing a newborn, with a physical and psychological side. From the point of view of physiology, the process of adaptation of the crumbs to the new conditions of its existence, which is radically different from the intrauterine period. After the birth of the baby, to survive, you need to independently do many things - for example, breathe, warm yourself, get and absorb food. To help the child adapt and make the flow of this process as less stressful, parents should develop a calm day of the day, provide regular sleep and full nutrition, to establish a breastfeeding process.

At the psychological adaptation phase, the actions and emotions of the child's parents play a crucial role. Baby, which only recently appeared, does not yet have the main skills of communication, so it requires help and support, especially from the mother.

It is she who can understand at the intuitive level, which is specifically needed by her baby. However, it is very difficult to trust exclusively and your baby, especially if there are many grandmothers, relatives and acquaintances who constantly advise something. All you need to do my mother is to wear a crumb on your hands, apply to the chest, hugging and protecting from unnecessary experiences, plus to have an iron exposure.

This crisis takes place to 6-8 week after birth. It is evidenced by the emergence of a reciprocal complex. At the sight of the mother's face, the baby begins to smile or some other way accessible to him show his joy.

Early childhood crisis

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The time of an early age crisis lasts from 12 months to one and a half years. During this period, the kid actively knows the world around him, learns to walk and talk. Naturally, at this age, the child's speech is not very clear. While parents talk about the "own language" of crumbs, psychologists have given the name of the autonomous children's speech.

At this stage, the infant for whom Mom is the center of all of its being, it comes to understanding that it also has their own interests and desires, and therefore cannot belong only to him. Along with this, fear of being lost or abandoned. It is in him that the cause of the strange behavior of the infants, who only learned to walk. For example, they may not move away from the mother or flow differently - to constantly run away, forcing thus paying attention to themselves.

The ability to walk independently becomes a kind of milestone in the development of the child - he slowly begins to realize his separateness

This phase notes the beginning of the manifestation of his own will and adopt the first independent decisions. The most affordable and understandable way to defend his opinion is a protest, disagreement and opposition to others. It is categorically impossible to try to fight during these moments with a child. First, it will not give any results, and secondly, now he needs to feel unshakable love from parents and have their physical and emotional support.

For parents, it is important to switch from the idea that their child is helpless creation, give him the opportunity to develop at this stage of growing up. It is clear that the assessment of its capabilities is required and, if necessary, the periodic pushing the crumbs to something or vice versa, some slowdown in its pace.

Psychologists were able to calculate the frequency of crises in the first a year and a half. They created a special calendar in the form of a table for weeks. Those weeks when the child has a crisis condition, painted more dark color. Yellow tint Indicates a favorable development time, and Tuchka is the most difficult periods.

Calendar of the crisis development of the kid on weeks

Crisis of three years

The so-called 3-year crisis can occur strictly at 3 years. It has quite wide temporary borders. Its beginning and end time can hesitate from 2 to 4 years - this is due to the individual features of a separate child. Also, this period is characterized by sharp jumps with manifestations that are little adjusted. The parents will need considerable patience and excerpt. It is not necessary to react very sharply to the hysterics and whims of the baby (we recommend reading :). It is quite effective in such situations method of switching attention. With the next hysterical burst, you need to try to distract the crumb, taking it with something else, more interesting.

7 pronounced symptoms of crisis 3 years

The most common features of this crisis jump are:

1. Negativism. Kroch begins to negatively refer to one of the parents or even several relatives immediately. This is poured into his disobedience and refusal to communicate and any interaction with them.
2. Stubbornness. By demanding anything, the child becomes too persistent, but at the same time he has neither the slightest desire to listen to the position of parents trying to explain to him the reasons for which they cannot fulfill his request. Kroch is unable to change his original desire and ready to defend it to the end.
3. Strings. It lies in the actions that children make a challenge. For example, if a child is asked to collect things, he scatters even more toys if you ask him to approach, it will run away and hide. Such behavior is caused by a protest against the rules established by the norms and restrictions, rather than a specific person.
4. Himself or the desire to do everything yourself without the help of adults. In 3 years, it's hard to make an assessment of your own potential and compare it with your real possibilities. This leads to the fact that it often makes inappropriate actions, as a result angry, failure.
5. Rebuilding. Wanting to make sure that with his opinion was considered, the baby consciously conflicts with others.
6. Depreciation. The child ceases to appreciate everything that was expensive before him. It comes down to breakdown toys, torn books and disrespectful attitude towards close people.
7. Despotism. Kroch requires that parents perform all his whims, thereby trying to subjugate their will.

Early children's autism

It is important not to exclude the possibility that age crises in children may be accompanied by mental disabilities. During this period, a hormonal restructuring occurs. Its cause is the activation of the nuclei of the intermediate brain and pituitary. The child is rapidly developing the process of knowledge, this is the soil to identify neuropsychiatric diseases.

In this phase of the child's development, early children's autism can be formed (we recommend reading :). This is a certain deviation in mental development. For the disease, a sharp decline in the need to contact others has been characterized. The child does not have the desire to talk, communicate, he does not show any emotions on the actions of other people, that is, laughter, smile, fright and other reactions to him alien. Croche is not interested in not toys nor animals, nor new people. Such children have fun, repeating monotonous movements - for example, swaying the torso, turning into the fingers or rotating hand brushes in front of the eyes. Such features in behavior requires the mandatory consultation of the psychoneurologist. The earlier start treatment, the more chances for a successful result.

This crisis period can be distinguished by two main aspects:

1. Physical development. This is very busy time for the body. At this age, the child is rapidly growing from the point of view of physical indicators, improves the subtleties of motility of the hands, it develops certain enough complex neuropsychiatric functions.
2. Social changes. Children begin to go to junior classes, they have a difficult process of adaptation to new conditions, requirements and surroundings. Such changes may provoke the formation of a complex of deviations in the behavior that received the common name "School neurosis".

"School" crisis is associated with improved loads and receiving a new social role of a student

School neurosis

The child in school neurosis is characterized by various behavioral deviations. Some schoolchildren are:

• increased anxiety;
• fear late to classes or do something wrong;
• disruption of appetite, which is observed especially in the morning hours before the school, and in some cases may be accompanied by nausea and even vomiting.

In other cases, such deviations appear as:

• lack of desire to get up, dress and go to school;
• inability to get used to discipline;
• the inability to remember the tasks and respond to the questions of the teachers.

In most cases, school neurosis can be found in weakened children who came out of preschool ageBut because of the physical and mental data lagging behind the alphabet.

Parents need to weigh everything well before giving six-year-old crumb to school. It is not worth a hurry with this at seven years, if, according to the childhood doctor, the child is not yet ready for such changes.

Komarovsky does not recommend overloading the crumb until it fully adapts to a new life line. It is better to postpone with additional sections and circles. Hidden brain damage that could be acquired due to complications during childbirth or pregnancy, infection or injuries obtained in preschool or younger agedmay manifest itself during the adaptation period to school. Signs of this are:

• fatigue;
• motor concern;
• resumption of stuttering, which could be present in preschool age;
• urinary incontinence.

In addition to the mandatory assistance of the doctor, it is necessary to create a quiet atmosphere at home. Do not scold and not punish the crumb, do not put in front of him unospel problems.

For age, 12-15 are characterized by the most notable changes - both in physiology and from a psychological point of view. In the adolescence, boys have increased excitability and incontinence, they can often even show aggression. Girls at this age are characteristic of an unstable mood. In addition, regardless of gender, adolescent children are characterized by increased sensitivity, indifference, excessive stemness and egoism, and some begin to show the surrounding worn, bordering cruelty, especially for the closest people.

In an effort to be independent, do not depend on adults and trying to assert themselves, teenagers often commit dangerous and rapid acts. For example, I failed to find yourself in school, sports or creativity, they begin to smoke, attach to alcohol, try drugs or enter early sex. Another ways of self-affirmation in adolescents are grouping, that is, the pastime and communication in the peer group.

If you compare with first grader, the teenager requires as much attention of the parents, and sometimes much more. However, it is necessary to perceive it as an adult, not as a child, and understand that now his pride is especially vulnerable. Absolutely useless teenager to impose his own opinion. In order to achieve results, it is only worth sending a child. He must assume that the decision takes independently.

Teens during the crisis require hardly no more attention than first-graders

Mental disorders in adolescence

In the adolescence in some cases, children have certain mental disorders, which are quite difficult to distinguish from the usual features of the crisis state. At this stage of development, especially in those situations where a boy or a girl accelerately ripen in physical and sexual terms, there is still a hidden predisposition to serious diseasesassociated with the psyche. It will not hurt at all and will even help consult with a psychiatrist, if the following changes are observed in the usual behavior of the teenager:

• sharp changes in the mood;
• strange hobbies;
• closedness and coldness in relation to close and peer;
• defense from his age of classes and interests.

All phases of the natural development of the child have a pattern, but their course can go absolutely differently. Some children have a change in painful and sharp jumps, in other soft and almost imperceptible process. The physical and mental features of each child certainly affect how it will experience the crisis state, but the conditions in which the crumb is growing and is brought up in this. When parents are patient and balanced, and the atmosphere in the family is calm and benevolent, the crisis period is quite quiet, without excesses.

Adults know a lot about the world and social relationship. They are not surprised simple things It seems to the movement of foliage or wind upwards. That is, oddly enough, the reason for many conflicts between the parent and the child lies. After all, the baby in this world for the first time, for him here in a novelty is literally everything. Parents are inclined to forget that the child can be afraid of the elementary change of his own mood. Just because he does not know what happens to him. Therefore, when a new stage comes in the development of crumbs, it is invariably accompanied by a crisis - and parents begin to blame themselves for poor education.

A kind of "transitional age" in children begins with birth and continues at least seven years. Every year is accompanied by new phenomena in the psyche of the baby, he learns to cope with new information And he is experiencing environment for strength.

The crisis of the first year of the child's life. Why do children capricious?

During this period, all the abilities are completely formed to feel physical and mental. The child begins to see, with age, everything is clearer. Learn to distinguish between individual objects, remembers the voices of mom and dad, learns to smile, frown, use the appearing teeth - in general, it is created by his basis as a full person.

Along with the growth of the child, his brain is growing. New neural connections appear, the brain emits new waves and, thus, learns something before unknown. There are several so-called leaks of development, in which the baby is growing mentally. This is not connected with the appearance of teeth, with an increase in several millimeters or other external manifestations of growth. Mental development happens in the brain. At one time, scientists, tracing for the development of many babies, allocated certain weeks of such jumps and painted that it was in them.

For example, on the eighth week after birth, the child begins to see not just one-piece objects, but also patterns on them. Wallpaper, a blanket, a crib, clothes - in his eyes literally every item starts to look completely different. Imagine that one day you woke up, and the planet began to look different. At the same time, you do not yet associate the appearance of items with their destination. That is, you can not say that this is a wardrobe, because inside it clothes, although it looks unusual. No, for you the whole planet - new, you can not imagine what is happening, where everything is familiar and how to live now. Few people will not start panicing in such a situation. Here are babies who have just turned over the whole world, become capricious.

Each leap of development is characterized by increased federation. It worries many parents: someone thinks that their infant will grow harmful; Someone believes he fell ill. The baby simply needs high attention mom. He just knew a new facet of the world, he had just been able to see or make a little more than he could before. It is not fascinating, the baby is not yet able to realize the concept of fascination. It is very difficult for him. Children are afraid of such discoveries and instinctively stretch to the only thing that in this world remains familiar and unchanged - to mom.

How many development surges can be in babies?

In the first year and a half, the jumps allocate ten. No baby without malformations cannot avoid such phases of growth and capriciousness. Even if you have the most calm child in the world, during the period of a new jump, he will be stronger to mom, more cry and behave in general "badly". In the first weeks of life, the phase is quickly replaced, so you can think that the child's character is capricious and restless, and when the kid will grow up, it turns out that he is generally phlegmatic.

Calendar of the crisis of child development up to the year

In the graphical mapping, it looks like this:

1. Suns are marked the calm periods of development.
2. White and gray weeks - research and application of new skills, conflicts and whims are possible.
3. Black weeks - the active development of the next jump.
4. Puffy - the most difficult weeks.

1 jump. 5 weeks.

What's new:

Improved metabolism and senses; Maximum visibility increases from 20 to 30 cm; A smile and tears appear.

What to do:

• pay increased attention;
• more physical contact;
• it is better that he sleep is not alone; allow the child to look at what he shows interest; With the help of laughter, determine what baby is delighted, and please it with this;
• more likely to talk with him;
• do pauses in games (babies quickly get tired, but also quickly and restore).

2 jump. 8 week.

What's new:

The child begins to distinguish objects that have perceived as a whole; Himself keeps the head, turns over, moves with handles and legs, examines his own fairytale; touches and hits a toy (this preparatory stage Before learning it to be enough); manifests interest in moving objects; I am pleased to listen and makes sounds.

What to do:

1. more often praise;
2. showing something to what it stretches;
3. bowing his palms around toys;
4. react to the voice of the child and "maintain a conversation";
5. diversify its environment (surrounded by the same objects it comes comes).

If the kid takes a look, it means that he has an oversupply of sensations, and he is looking for peace. We need to pause and give it a rest.

3 jump. 12 weeks.

What's new:

Now the baby knows how to make smooth transitions from one state of the body to another; from one intonation of voice to another; Sees the room completely and can move from tracking a separate object to a complete panorama.

What to do:

• listen to the child and demonstrate attention to his bastard;
• read it fairy tales with the transition of intonation;
• show different materials on the structure and describe them with different voices;
• repeat the sounds of a child - it motivates it to continue to develop the speech apparatus; Show him smooth movements.

4 jump. 19 weeks.

What's new:

The child learns to make difficult movements (not only grab the toy, but also to turn her, stroke, pull); Now he is not only watching events, but also wants to influence them; can start learning to crawl; The sounds have become more complicated.

What to do:

1. still encourage
2. entertain,
3. to pay attention.

5 jump. 26 weeks.

What's new:

Noticeably better body coordination; The child learned to realize the concept of distance; Now he understands that mom can get away far away (and it scares it very much).

What to do:

• give the child more space and opportunities to overcome the distances between it and desired;
• do not leave for a long time, leave the child the opportunity to crawl after mom.

6 jump. 37 weeks.

What's new:

What to do:

1. introduce a tactile board with calls, ropes and other interests; to walk alot;
2. dress up a child in front of the mirror;
3. call objects to which the kid shows;
4. learning to use a voice to ask questions (asking instead of it);
5. play catch up and hide and seek.

7 jump. 46 week.

What's new:

The kid is aware of what a sequence is (to fold the pyramid, it is necessary to do it, it is this).

What to do:

• when changing the baby to ask him to help you;
• let he himself hurt and silence;
• stop feeding from the spoon, it is necessary to teach it yourself.

8 jump. 55 weeks.

What's new:

The child understands the tasks, that is, the fact that various ways can be used to achieve the desired result.

What to do:

1. allow the baby to help you with cleaning, cooking or campaigning to the store (only if he likes it!);
2. play the search for items.

9 jump. 64 weeks.

What's new:

The child is able to build plans and strategies; knows how to choose the most convenient behavior to achieve the goal; more independent.

What to do:

• teach it the concepts of "mine" and "yours";
• negotiate with the help of "yes" and "no";
• training rules of behavior.

10 jump. 75 weeks.

What's new:

The kid is aware of the concept of the system (family, society, or more specific: car, clock); His conscience is formed; He understands that his actions lead to the consequences; It becomes less egocentric; Tests the boundaries permitted.

What to do:

1. encourage good behavior;
2. show him various systems and explain their device;
3. outline the boundaries of the allowed.

Child crisis in 2 years

Constant hysteries - the main sign that displays the crisis of 2 years in the child. Switching attention here is no longer working, the child rests on his own Wishlist and suits the real representation. He can break toys, pull off the pages of books, fight and destroy everything around. Parents begin to complain about the uncontrollability of the baby.

The reason for these hysterics lies not in poor education and not in excess of energy, but in the developing independence of the child. By-effect This event is that sometimes it seems to him that he is infringed as a person.

The child needs borders. Exploring the world, he sees the connection between what he did, and the subsequent effect. If the effect is the same, the baby is calm and feels safe. If on some day he made a familiar action, but received a different reaction, he starts panic.

The boundaries are needed that the kid felt familiar to the resistance. Yes, he can not allow everything, especially since part of children's claims cannot be fulfilled at all. In two years, he must already understand that something to do is prohibited or does not make sense.

Before storm

It is best to "catch" hysterics before they start. While the child can still adequately think and think about the problem, you should talk to it on an equal footing - for example, to say: "I see that you are unhappy with something. Let's tell you what you need, and then we will think together what we do. " If you don't immediately shout at the baby immediately, it will understand that it is not obliged to cope with the problem itself, because he has support for parents. Logic to children is quite accessible, so it will be possible to do without screaming and crying.

If the hysteria has already begun

In no case do not give up. Even one little relaxation will allow the child to feel real power. As a result, he will no longer respect you, will feel higher, and behave like a capricious king.

So that this does not happen, you should keep in your head (or even on paper) a clear list of permitted and prohibited. Any tantrum requirements must be executed or stopped only according to this list.

Distraction of attention in two years no longer works, but only postpones the solution to the problem. It is better to try other ways.

The tone of the parent must be calm. It is not necessary to appeal to logic and start in extensive explanations, small child, raging on emotions, still will not understand a word. If calm and simple explanations on the topic "Why I can't give you it" did not help, the best way to calm the child is to get out of the room. Without audience, the child calms down quickly. It is desirable that after that he first went on contact with you.

Normally, if the child is talking to you as an equal person. Abnormally, if he believes that it has more rights than yours.

Crisis for three years in a child

Here you will need a lot of patience and calm. This crisis is accompanied by not only hysterics, but also constant disputes and stubbornness. The kid is ready to fiercely defend its wants. The requirements of the parents do on the contrary, in the lexicon there is a lot of "no" and "I do not want."

What to do?

It is impossible to indulge the requirement of the child, but also it is impossible to break it. During the hysteria, the best way to cope - calmly say "We will talk when you calm down," and stop responding to a child. The conversation after hysteria must take place (in general, always give the baby only those promises that you really execute). Explain that hysterics is a completely inactive way to achieve their own.

In three years, children love to deny. Therefore, all questions and instructions should create an illusion of choice. If you say: "Now you will eat porridge," wait for a scream: "I don't want porridge!". You should ask: "Will you be a porridge with raisins or jam?".

Form a child's positive behavior patterns. Praise him for independence, share it with success with relatives under it.

Child crisis at 4 years

In many ways, this is a "transitional" crisis between 3 and 5 years of life. Some psychologists call this crisis with a prolonged crisis of three years. The desire for solitude and increased egoism is added to the hysterics.

Children's hysteries arise in many respects due to the fact that the child feels a lack of attention and wishes to communicate more. Also, children bother to spend their leisure in the same way.

In this way, best way Fighting this crisis is to diversify life and entertainment kid. It is necessary to find him a lot of interesting and active classes, and alternate them. Also important psychological Comfort Krochi: If he cannot trust his parents, he will not tell him that he worries him, and the behavior will be the same bad. It is advisable to teach a child to share their experiences and together with parents to seek solving problems.

Excessive guardianship to this crisis will only hurt. Yes, the child needs your help in solving his problems - it is help, and not the sole solution for him. It is no need to shift it everyday affairs on your shoulders, develop independence.

Physical punishments are unacceptable, but you can limit the child in entertainment.

Child crisis in 5 years

The main obvious sign of the crisis - the child began to invent a lot of unprecedented, he may have imaginary friends. It should not be scolded for lies, as this is a peculiar manifestation of fantasy.

A less visible symptom of the crisis passes inside the child: he really wants to be like adults. Some children makes it to throw toys, girls stretch to her mother's cosmetics and trying on her shoes. At the same time, the child is in dire need of communicating with the children of his age.

What to do?

If the child so passionately wants to feel like an adult, it is necessary to give it to him, and in all conflict situations to talk on an equal footing. It is necessary to give him the opportunity to perform certain uncomplicated duties for the house. Moreover, it should be explained that this is the obligation, and not a whim: the task will have to be performed constantly.

Should not be "knock out" from chad the frankness of conversations (and even more so physical punishments). Trust conversations sooner or later reveal the reason for his poor mood and closedness. It is important to be able to calm and dispel the fears of the child. For example, in five years the fear of the death of loved ones, or its own appears. If you are not sure to handle the explanation of such a complex topic, you may need to consult a psychologist.

Do not lead a child there, go for yourself and just find out what to say, and how to behave with such fears from Chad.

Child crisis in 6 years

This crisis appears in connection with the new role-playing model in the child's life. Now he is time to school to which he may be psychologically not ready.

At six years, children are divided into two types:

• Ready for learning, love to know a new one. At home they are bored, I want new acquaintances, knowledge, impressions. In this case, the school will get rid of the crisis.
• Love games and are not ready to go to a new form of training. For some six years it is too early ageTo go to school. Perhaps you should wait until seven.

What to do?

Give the baby more freedom of choice where he feels in his plate. Let the houses themselves choose clothes from the proposed, or food from some options. Let the decision to congratulate someone on his birthday will be his own, and not because "it is necessary." Make sure the tasks you entrust the child can do it. Otherwise, in his continued life, he will be afraid to take for something new.

Child crisis at 7 years

The main manifestation of this crisis: the child begins to behave completely differently, as he led before. He was calm - he became overly active, shared everything with her mother - stopped doing it, and so on. He began to explore his influence on the device of the world, so toys are often broken, and it understands their device. The child pulls to communicate with the older guys.

What to do?

If the child has forgotten something to prepare for school, put some thing or make a lesson, you can not do it for him. The parent now performs a guide role. Specify the baby to the error and give yourself to deal with it.

As a result, it is no need to protect the child from everyday life errors. Warn it, what will happen if he makes a certain action, and give yourself to deal with the information received.

Promotion is more important to punishment. If you check a lesson and see that some point turned out well, and some bad, you focus on good. It is very important to concentrate the child on success instead of failure, it will give a strong positive impetus in further life.

During the first year of life, the kid masters a large number of skills. His height and weight increase significantly to the one-year-old age. Several crisis periods are distinguished that are associated with rapid physical development. At this moment, the baby becomes without reason, as it seems to parents, capricious, flexible, all the time asks on the handles, does not recognize anyone other than mom.

Breasts adds centimeters and grams every month. Moreover, before the semi-annual age every four weeks, the growth becomes more by 2.5 cm, and after 6 months the pace decreases slightly, and it adds 1.5 cm. As a result, the child becomes 50% more than at birth.

The table will help to figure out what the norm in the increase in the growth and body weight by months.

The peculiarity is that growth is not slow, but jumps, bringing numerous changes in the emotional sphere. Periods in most children coincide and are characterized by one and the same changes.

As for the body weight, it doubles by 6 months, it is added monthly to 800 g, and by the year the mass triples, it is added monthly by 400 g.

The norm may be violated due to any violations in development. If the infants physically develop slightly, it may indicate anemia, rickets, diseases of the endocrine system, digestive organs, the central nervous system. If the kid is breastfeeding, then you need to make sure that there is enough breast milk. Perhaps it will be necessary to the decays.

Table of approximate weight and growth throughout the first year of life.

The approximate weight of the child in the first seconds of life is 3200-3300 grams, the growth is 50 cm. The table shows how much the child adds to the end of the first year of life.

Important rates of development of children up to year are weight, growth, scope and grumps of the chest. All received data is recorded. There is a generally accepted rate of indicators with which the data obtained is checked. This helps the doctor in time to track deviations from the norm. On how the growth and weight of the child changes, many factors affect the specialist.

1. Paul baby. Girls are gaining weight and grow slower than boys. The boys are approximately 1-2 cm ahead of girls in growth and 500-600 grams - in weight.
2. The weight and birth rate is taken into account.
3. Inheritance plays an important role. If mom and dad were born big, then such a way can be expected from the child.
4. Health: colds and other infections, teething, experiences.
5. Congenital violations in the work of the internal organs.
6. Feeding type ( breast milk or mixture). Children on artificial feeding They gain weight faster than those that are breastfeed.

The rate of medium height and weight, according to the semi infant, will be different by months. Table clearly shows it.

The table allows you to see that the boys are physically developing faster than girls.

During the first twelve months, the child can grow by 25 cm. Such a significant change in numbers for such a short time It will not be observed anymore in one period of development.

Fighting period

The jump of an increase in centimeters falls on the following periods of life.

1. For the interval between the 1st and 3rd weeks.
2. The end of the second month of life, approximately the 6-8th week of life.
3. The next height jump is observed in three months.
4. In half a year the next stage of the rapid development of the baby comes.
5. The last significant increase is observed at 9 months.

Calendar of crisis weeks, when a jump is clearly noticeable in physical Development Toddler of the first year of life.

The calendar shows visuality to which approximately the week there is a height jump and when in connection with this to wait for a bad mood in a child. If the baby was born a week later, then the countdown should be started a week before. If born for 3 weeks ahead of time, then 3 weeks later.

Lost crisis moments can a couple of days or even a week. It all depends on the individual growth rates of each child.

Signs that distinguish the onset of the crisis associated with the intensive development of the body.

1. Raising appetite. As a result, a malfunction may occur in the installed power mode. Night feedings are added. It is explained by the fact that the rapid growth of the body requires more energy and nutritional elements.
2. Caution capriciousness and plasticity. But this is only at first glance. Lack of body temperature and other symptoms of the disease - this is not a reason to think that the child is fine. The growth jump causes the stretching of all tissues, vessels, muscles, causing discomfort and discomfort.
3. The usual ways to distract and calm the child become useless.
4. Asks on the hands, falls asleep only on her hands or nearby.
5. Dream is disturbed. Wakes up with every rustle, it can not fall asleep for a long time.
6. Does not let mother go away from himself.

In the period on which the leap accounts for, it is important to choose the right upbringing tactics. Excessive severity will lead to the fact that the child can lose confidence in mom. If, on the contrary, it will be too stupid, then it will subsequently seek all tears and whims.

Table of growth and weight gain, according to crisis periods.

The table shows that the weight of the child is added on average per 1 kg to each crisis period, and the growth is 4-5 cm. The jump is particularly noticeable in six months. By this time, the child grows about 19 cm.

1. In 3-4 weeks, the rate of increase is about 600 g and about 3 cm.
2. By the end of the 8th week, the infants becomes more 800 g and 3 cm.
3. By the end of the 12th week, the increase is about 800 g and 2.5 cm.
4. By the 6th month, the increase is 600 g and 2 cm.
5. To the nine-month-old age - 500 g and 1.5 cm.

Parents should not panic if the child does not comply with generally accepted standards. If he is active, eats good, sleeps, it means there are no reasons for concern. Sometimes in one month the baby may not score the necessary centimeters and grams, but in another to fill the loss.

Our children grow with a phenomenal speed, although this is hardly noticeable to the parent eye, but if you send your child to the week, the other to seek my grandmother, then the child is returned to others: a little older, a little more adult, a little more angry.

Especially this development speed is tangible in the first year of life - the most responsible and most unusual. After all, precisely for the first 12 months of life, babies turn from tiny defenseless lumps in chubby chest karapusov. Just imagine: for the first year of life, the baby grows on average for as many as 25 centimeters! Quarter meter per year! Moreover, the physical abilities of the kid are actively developing: it consciously moves with handles and legs, now he himself turns off his back on the tummy, but he himself sit down, then crawls and grabs toys, and now he tries to go with the legs and is even trying to eat .

But not only the body develops rapidly, both the brain actively works. Every day, with each month, the number of neural connections increases, the kid's intellect grows with it. Of course, such rapid development requires huge energy resources and does not pass imperceptibly and without a trace. Let's talk about what jumps of growth and development in children under the year.

Birth of theory

This is a very interesting assumption resulted in the mass after the release of the scientific and popular book "The Wonder Weeks" - the joint works of two scientists of Germanic origin Wandeit Hetti and the padded France. These people are specialists in children's psychology and preschool Development, behavioral biology and are authoritative specialists in scientific foreign circles. 35 years of his life were devoted to the observation of behavioral reactions and the development of kids to two years. One study was observing the development of babies from 0 to 12 months without a separation from the cell of society, i.e. In the family and among loved ones.

Analyzing the results and experience of the studies conducted, scientists came to the conclusion that the kid is not developing smoothly, but stepped, passibly and most of it is noticeable during the first year of life (naturally, it is the most rapid and dynamic). Such a theory later was confirmed by physiologists: the child's growth is not a smooth continuous process, the child grows jumps like. This is due to large energy consumption, because to grow, the body requires a tremendous amount of resources. Therefore, he "sails" forces and then babes! For one night, the child pulls into several millimeters. This process has been called groove groceries in infants.

But Vandera and the Plofa allocate in addition to the growth rates and the races of psycho-emotional development at the kid. As a rule, these two processes do not always occur simultaneously, but both have a stepwise character. And if with increasing everything clear OP, and grew up baby, how to deal with mental development?

The growth and development of the nervous system is very complex and the process is very complex and the process for a simple manual, also requiring energy resources (by the way, this is an explanation why newborns are sleeping a lot). This process affects the behavior of the child, he cannot understand what is happening, but also to explain the mother or dad is also not able to.

How to determine the period of surgery of growth and development

So, what are these incomprehensible races of growth in newborns? Surely, every mother came across such behavior of his Chad: the child is confused by the day of the day, he sleeps badly, refuses meal, constantly whining and crying for no reason, requires "handles" and simply cannot without mom. Familiar, isn't it? Often moms are confused, they do not know what is happening with the baby.

In no way can understand the reason for such restless behavior. Hungry? Hurts tummy? Wants to sleep? Boring? And maybe tired? No, probably hot ... or, on the contrary, cool? Especially restless mothers appealed to the pediatrician, but the kids were completely healthy. Such a state is nothing but a height jump. Next. Yes, yes, they are not alone and not even two. But more on that later.

Growth jumps begin in infants, the symptoms of which can be confused by whims or soreness, almost from birth. And if your baby suddenly, without visible signs of the disease (temperature, vomiting, diarrhea, cough and so on.) Begins to behave as follows:

✓ constantly mapping without reason;

✓ Slept restlessly and restlessly;

✓ Eats badly and refuses even from your favorite dishes or, on the contrary, a completely tiny baby literally "hanging" at mom on his chest, constantly requires it;

✓ constantly asks for hands and requires increased attention from the mother,

MOT, be sure that your baby is experiencing another crisis time.

When to wait for the ridicule and how much they last

During such periods, the nervous system and the brain kid undergoes some changes. In particular, brain waves emit somewhat differently, and the processes themselves in the cortex are more intense. You can remotely compare with premenstrual syndrome in women caused by changing the level of sex hormones in the body. A woman in this period rule emotions, she is irritable, Plaxiv, but cannot explain his behavior of reasonable arguments. And an adult woman - she is an adult, knows how to express their thoughts and what feels. And baby? Caught the essence? The child is small, can not express what feels, this feeling is unfamiliar, and all unfamiliar is scary and incomprehensible. And where is the most safer? True, mom under the wing.

How many growth and development races?

Each child is individual and can experience this condition in different ways. But usually such a period lasts from a couple of days before the week. Moreover, suddenness is very characteristic. The jump also sharply ends, as it starts. After a couple-triple crazy nights and days you may notice that your child has become an ideal child out of the blue.

It is regular and fits well, sleeping sweetly and plays with me. And, most importantly, attentive mom will notice that after such a "shake", the kid is developing a new skill, for example, has become or done less often, he learned to sit and use it, to walk more confidently, etc. The result of jumps is just an achievement and consolidation of a new skill. Now about the most important thing.

When to wait for racing growth and development?

According to the theory of Vanterite and the bad, in just the first year of life of such jumps 8 (some grabbed the calm) !!! But in fact, on the first, such "shakes" do not end (now someone has fallen into fainting!), Explicit changes in the behavior will manifest themselves more and more and completely disappear by one and a half or two years (and there is a crisis of three years not far from the mountains ...). Parenthood is not easy, yes yes))

The table below clearly shows when to wait for the ridge of growth in the infants, a calendar of a kind. Thanks to such observations, it is possible (at least morally) to prepare for the "programmed" whims of their Chad.

A small advice: This calendar indicates approximate periods for children born on time. If your baby was born a little earlier, add the difference between his birthday and the DA (approximate date of birth). Accordingly, if the baby sues in his abdomen at Mom and appeared later, then take the corresponding difference.

To relieve moms: The period specified in the table indicates the possible time of the development jump, but not its duration, so exhale!

How to behave parents during this period

Undoubtedly, such a period is morally and physically very difficult for parents. Permanent whims and hysteries are knocked out of the gauge, they give insecurity and simply deprive the strength. But, no matter how sadness sounded, such moments are inevitable and not to go anywhere. Is it worth talking about universal patience and forgiveness?

The child at such moments as never needs mom, do not reject it and try to give him a maximum of time and attention. The difficult period will pass painless if the baby will be interested with you, distract it! Interesting classes in the form of walking in an embrace, pleasant songs and strokes, measured swing or even reading books are suitable as it is impossible. Little Creek may be interested in interesting patterns on wallpaper, carpet, curtains. Show him what happens outside the window how to drive cars, people walk, pegs pegs.

If the baby is on breastfeeding, it can often ask for a chest. There have been cases that the infants sucked every 20 minutes. It is very difficult for Mom, especially when helping with a child not to wait for anyone. If the child gets, try to feed it first, and then give your chest. If you find it difficult to keep such a pace and you know that the baby is not hungry, try to distract it with another occupation. Dial the bath, let him swim, turn on soothing music, go in the park if the weather allows you to.

Let's sum up

In conclusion, I would like to say that your child is unique, unique and develops in its individual pace. Radies of growth in newborn children are inevitable, but it should be remembered that after each storm should have a clear sky. Look at things positively, after the next leap of development, your kid is developing a new skill, knows more, becomes older and stronger!