Speech therapy for kids 3 years old. Speech therapy exercises with a three-year-old child for the home. How specialists work: exercises, games, manuals

Victoria Lamm

Speech therapy classes with children 3-4 years will correct the pronunciation and allow the child to learn to speak correctly faster.

Sometimes, for a number of reasons of a neurological, physical or mental nature, speech disorders result in a certain form.

This may be due to poor vocabulary, incorrect pronunciation of words, confusion in endings or rearrangement syllables of a word, there may be manifestations in the pace of speech.

Begin speech therapy classes with children 3-4 years old when a certain vocabulary is normally formed, and the child actively communicates or is forced to strive to explain his needs and desires verbally, and not with gestures.

Due to the fact that children themselves teach each other to explain themselves more clearly in a playful and natural way, the vocabulary changes, and, accordingly, the speech of a child at 3-4 years old.

My speech therapy classes for children 3-4 years old includes

Mandatory articulatory gymnastics to relieve muscle tone and spasm,

Dynamic and static exercises for the tongue, corners of the lips, muscles of the lower jaw, cheeks,

Finger gymnastics and fine motor skills,

Sometimes reflexology massage.

During corrective classes children learn spatial representations, develop motor skills and memory, visual images, attention, thinking and observation.

Develop touch functions, constructive thinking is practiced, muscle tone is gradually normalized.

All classes I spend in a playful way. They usually take the form of simple games and activities. Toddlers most often do not understand that some kind of purposeful work is being done with them. They play with me, have fun and have fun.

One of the most common defects is the incorrect reproduction of hissing and whistling sounds. To correct the situation, such exercises:

1. Pipe. The child closes his teeth, and pulls his lips with a pipe as far as possible. Need to work on it tongue: up down.

2. Cup. Ask the child to open his mouth wide, stick out his tongue and try to depict a cup by bending the edges and tip.

3. We paint sky! Krokhotulya smiles, then opens her mouth. At the same time, the tongue, like a brush, moves along the palate.

4. The clatter of a horse. A very popular game. The peanut clicks with the tip of the tongue, like a horse.

5. We eat jam. Smiling, open your mouth. With a fixed lower jaw, lick the upper lip.

6. Brush your teeth! Only we do it not with a brush, but with a tongue.

I start from the principle: if you fix defects, then do it immediately and forever. Therefore, it is also necessary homework with parents. important and decisive role in corrective work With children given to the family. A lot of work is being done with parents, which is necessary for the effective solution of the tasks set.

Only if the child is tired, you can not insist! He should not feel pressured adult. It is also good to draw along the contours. They do it without much pleasure, but the thing is useful.

At the same time, one should not be too zealous and fundamentally force the child to constantly use only correctly constructed words and phrases. This will lead to unnecessary stress, it can discourage the baby from exercising.

With a baby, exercises should be performed unobtrusively, without focusing on existing problems. If, as a result, the baby is upset or depressed, such training will not bring success. You will achieve nothing but isolation and an aggressive reaction.

Between occupations let him speak still with errors that may disappear spontaneously. At one fine moment, parents see with surprise and joy that the baby himself is trying to control the correctness of speech.

For the development of fine motor skills, it is useful to massage each finger for the child, bend and unbend them, and play board games. More often let the baby sort out the grits or mess around in the sand. At home, any bulk material is suitable instead.

Do not forget about articulation gymnastics. Pay as much attention as possible to reading, learn simple songs and rhymes with your baby.

Speech therapy classes for children I spend 3-4 years in an entertaining way. So you can use interesting pictures, according to which the baby should make a short story. The warm-up of the tongue amuses them very much.

Some advice for parents of children with ADHD.

1. Using the help of nature, the seasons. Decorate your apartment according to this time. Best of all in winter, all children love to decorate a Christmas tree. Pick up unbreakable toys, ask for help with tinsel, look at pictures, collect puzzles. No less interesting autumn! Collect leaves with your baby, talk about trees, decorate your home. You can make herbariums. Fun and uplifting!

2. Collect the picture together. It is not necessary to purchase puzzles, take any large picture and cut it. And let the child pick it up. If he is familiar with numbers, number the details, so it will be easier for the baby.

3. Joint creativity. Sculpt from soft plasticine or salt dough. Ask the baby to blind the eyes of the little animal, stick them. Let him stretch his fingers. An excellent material for the development of fine motor skills will be kinetic sand.

4. We provoke a conversation! After reading an interesting fairy tale, discuss the plot together, ask more questions. If your child has a problem with a particular word, do not impose or correct forcibly. Provoke the pronunciation of the problem word. And you yourself speak more often, but correctly. The child will repeat. In general, as far as pronunciation is concerned, on the part of relatives, what has been said should be correct. Do not distort sussie. The child reproduces intonation!

5. Draw. Ask to color, trace, draw the simplest objects. It can be grass, the sun, a tree. By the age of 4, the child will cope with this.

Related publications:

Consultation for teachers "The originality of games-activities with children 2-3 years old" Early age is the most responsible period of a person's life, when the most fundamental abilities are formed, which determine.

Methodology for conducting speech development classes (from personal experience) Methodology for conducting classes on speech development. 1. In the classroom for speech development, a set of tasks is solved: in coherent speech, sound.

Game library of speech therapy didactic games for children 4–7 years old 1 "Snow Maiden and Snowman" Purpose: automation and differentiation of sounds [C] - [W] in words. Equipment: picture with the image of the Snow Maiden.

When a child does not speak at 2-3 years old, parents panic. It seems to them that if the neighbor's children speak very well, then theirs, however, this is not so. Speech therapists say that each child is individual. You can practice at home. In this article, you can find exercises, tips and tricks that will help keep your child interested. You will find out why speech therapy classes for children are needed. 2-3 years - the age of interest in everything and curiosity. Therefore, you will not have problems.

Speech therapy classes at home

Each child is individual. One starts talking early, the other late. Of course, all parents are worried when their little one at 2 years old does not want to talk at all, but only points with his finger. To prevent such incidents from happening, you need to regularly conduct speech therapy classes with the kids.

First of all, the child needs regular communication. To make it interesting for him to spend time with adults, you need to interest the crumbs. Then 2-3 years will be useful - the age when the child should be able to speak at least individual words. If this does not happen, then pay maximum attention to the exercises.

Most often based on imitation. Toddlers try to copy others. These are actions, words, gestures, facial expressions, etc. A child of 2-3 years old is restless and does not know how to concentrate, so it is best to deal with him when he wants to. First of all, parents need to achieve emotional contact with the child. When this happens, you can safely deal with the baby, play or just chat.

Warm-up: finger games

Few people believe that it develops speech. However, this has been scientifically proven. Therefore, try to pay attention. Here are a few examples:

1. Fold big and index fingers. The rest, let them be raised and spread out. Show the children this cockerel, saying: “Our Petya-Cockerel, a golden comb, went to the market and bought one boot.”
2. Close your thumb and forefinger and tap them on the table. At this time, say: “Here the chicken came and found a grain, she didn’t eat it herself, but took it to the children.”
3. Close your thumb with two middle fingers, and just bend your little and index fingers slightly, saying: “The mouse gnaws dryers, the cat came, the mouse crawled into the hole.”
4. Bend the phalanges in different directions, while saying: “Our fingers are very friendly, everyone needs them. It is necessary to count the brothers, there are five of them on one hand. On the second, there are no less of them, they are all good, because my fingers are mine.

Finger gymnastics is a warm-up that every child needs in order to interest him in the next lesson. After all, speech therapy classes for children require perseverance. 2-3 years is the age of fidgets. Therefore, we will first interest the baby, and then proceed to the exercise.

Articulation gymnastics

Before conducting speech therapy classes for children 2-3 years old at home, it is necessary to develop the muscles of the tongue. For this, it is necessary to carry it out together with the baby in front of the mirror:

• Let the child imagine that the tongue is a brush. His mouth should be slightly open. The tongue should be drawn across the palate towards the throat and back to the teeth.
• Exercise "Tongue on a swing." At the same time, open your mouth wide. The tongue at this time lies under the lower teeth. Then lift its tip under the upper teeth. This exercise should be done at least four times.
• "Delicious jam" Use your tongue to lick the upper lips first, then move to the lower ones. Do the exercise 5 times.
• Brush your teeth with your tongue. Open your mouth wide. Swipe the tongue first over the lower teeth, then over the upper ones. Do this exercise 4-5 times.

This is how speech therapy classes for children (2-3 years old) take place at home. However, the child will be fun and interesting only when you play with the baby in the game, and not force him.

Onomatopoeia: who sounds? What is knocking?

When you have successfully completed finger and articulation gymnastics, you can begin to study sounds or syllables. To do this, you need to imitate the sounds of animals or objects with your child. Speak the following phrases to your child:

1. “Our frog is the head of the swamp, sits on the sand and says: “Kwa-kva”.”
2. “The cockerel was afraid to fall into the river and kept shouting: “Ku-ka-re-ku”.”
3. "My bell rings ding-ding all day long."
4. "A bunny gnaws a carrot appetizingly and makes a little noise:" Khrum-khrum "".
5. “The rain says: “Drip-drip”. You need to take an umbrella with you.
6. “The horse runs merrily and knocks with its hooves. This is not a boot for you, but the sound of a “tsok-tsok-tsok” knock.
7. "The pig says: "Oink-oink, I'll give you a candy."
8. "The clock about time gives us a sign and it sounds" tick-tock "".
9. “The locomotive travels around the world and repeats:“ Tu-tu, I’m going. ”
10. “Annechka got lost in the forest and called her friends: “Au-au”.”

Speech therapy classes for children (2-3 years old) at home are very useful and exciting. In the form of a game, you and your baby can achieve great success.

logorhythmics

Such classes help kids not only learn speech, but also replenish vocabulary. Speech therapy rhythm develops the child's motor skills, speech, thinking, memory, attention. Exercises are given to children from two years. When the baby speaks badly, let him repeat only what he remembers. If he does not speak at all, then the adult sings, and at this time the child develops hearing and replenishes the speech reserve.

Speech therapy classes for children 2-3 years old are interesting and exciting. When you begin to sing and do the exercise, the child will become interested, and he will involuntarily begin to repeat after you. There are several exciting games:

• "For a walk". You need to read the verse aloud, under which the baby repeats certain movements:

Our legs(reaches hands to feet)

walking along the path(hands clapping on knees).

Over the bumps, yes over the bumps(moves in slow steps)

cross all the flowers(raises legs high).

• Game "Weather". The child sits on a chair and listens to slow music. When you say: "It's raining," he claps his hands on his knees in rhythm. Hearing the words: “Lightning has appeared,” the baby rings the bell. When you say, "Thunder rumbles," the child stamps its feet loudly. At the word "silence" the baby becomes silent and sits motionless for a minute.
• Do exercises, saying: “First we raise the handles“ one-two-three ”, then we lower our handles. We stomp our feet, clap our hands, jump, run, we will finish the exercises. And we will again quietly walk.

These are interesting speech therapy classes for children 2-3 years old. Exercises should be carried out only with musical accompaniment. Then the child will really like such activities, and he will delight you with his successes.

Hearing development games

These activities are necessary for the child to develop hearing. Children must identify sounds. It can be the sound of rain, thunder, a dog barking or a cat purring, etc. Speech therapy sessions with non-speaking children 2-3 years old should take place as usual. Remember, this is not a pathology, but most likely, laziness, which must be overcome with the help of exciting exercises.

Let the baby listen to 2 sounds, for example, the cry of a child and a working vacuum cleaner. Let the toddler determine who or what is making the sound. When tasks are already easy for him, you can complicate the exercise. Let the baby listen to 3 different sounds, and then 4. If he is in no hurry to say, then help him and do not scold the baby.

Poems for the development of speech

Speech therapist classes for children 2-3 years old can be carried out by parents at home. If you exercise with your baby every day, then he will start talking faster than you expect.

Poems are an integral part of the development of speech. It is important that a simple rhyme is present, then it will be more interesting for the child to study:

1. “There was a small fight in the river. Something did not share two cancers.
2. "Our cute turtle always hides in a shell from fear."
3. “Topotushki, topotushki, a bunny jumps on the edge. He was tired and sat down and ate a carrot.

Poems for children 2-3 years old are offered quite small so that the child can easily remember them. When you see that the baby begins to fully tell the little rhymes, then you can complicate the task.

Clean tongues

They are also necessary for the development of the baby's speech. Clean tongues, like poems, should be short and easy to remember:

• "Oh-oh-oh - our cat is not so bad."
• "Uh-uh-uh - our rooster crowed."
• "Ah-ah-ah - we stand on our feet."
• “Sha-sha-sha - mom made delicious noodles.”
• "Shu-shu-shu - I'll ask daddy."
• "Shi-shi-shi - how the reeds rustled."

You can come up with such phrases yourself. It all depends on what letters the baby does not pronounce.

Nowadays, it is very common to meet non-speaking children at the age of 2-3 years. This does not mean that the child has speech problems. Speech therapists say that three years no need to worry. However, speech therapy classes for children still do not interfere. 2-3 years old is an inquisitive age, so kids will be happy to exercise if they are interested.

The first few sessions should be no more than 3 minutes. Then you can gradually increase the time. It is important that the baby likes it. If you see that the child is tired and does not want to study, do not force it. Postpone exercise until your child is in the mood to exercise.

It's better to do a little every day. Then the baby develops skills, habits and memory. Do not scold him for wrong movements and pronunciation. Remember, your baby is only learning. Don't discourage him from doing things. After all, if you scold and punish, then nothing good will come of it.

Conclusion

In the article, we got acquainted with several types of games. They are great for language development. From this we can conclude that the exercises are simple. Therefore, speech therapist classes with children 2-3 years old can be carried out by mom at home. The main thing is to follow the recommendations of experts.

Thanks to the above games, you will replenish your child’s vocabulary well, help you think logically, imagine and fantasize. Children improve their memory, they become more assiduous and begin to speak faster: first some sounds, then syllables. Many kids with the help of such games immediately spoke not in words, but in sentences. Therefore, do not worry about the speech of your crumbs. Daily activities will help you and your baby achieve great success.

Ekaterina Mikhailovna Pashkina

Chief Physician of the Central Clinical Hospital of Omsk

Reading time: 4 minutes

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Article last updated: 05/16/2019

From how responsibly adults approach the issue of raising their beloved child, his future speech directly depends. If at the age of three he speaks willingly and legibly, there is no cause for concern. But when the baby is constantly silent, and his babbling cannot be made out the second or even the third time, you need to be wary (especially if he is more than three years old). This may be caused by a violation of the speech apparatus or mental disorders. In any case, a specialist should communicate with the child, who will help eliminate various defects at an early stage.

Competent communication and speech therapy classes play an important role in the development of young children. An integrated approach to the problem will prevent serious violations of the speech apparatus.

To determine the level of "talkativeness", adults usually use comparative analysis methods - they compare the dialect of their offspring with the pronunciation of peers who are also 3 years old. However, this is clearly not enough to draw definite conclusions. Additionally, it is recommended to use special dynamic observation tables for this purpose. Information about this "innovation" can be found on the Internet, but it is better to consult with a children's speech therapist. If you carefully test baby talk, you can timely identify specific gaps and choose the best speech therapy classes.

Creating a comfortable environment

So that children of 3 years old do not have serious problems in communication, care must be taken to create favorable conditions. In addition, you will need to conduct a two-way dialogue with the baby. The more you talk with your child, the faster he will learn to make sounds, because the desire to imitate your speech and behavior is given by nature. When he is three years old, it is necessary to concentrate as much as possible on his sound pronunciation. Read bedtime stories, discuss the details of the walk, ask questions - this will help the baby learn to speak clearly.

If young children under 3 years of age have problems with the pronunciation of a particular sound, then it is strongly recommended to focus on it. Try to pronounce words with a problematic sound more often than others, then the baby will “copy” your conversation and eventually learn not to “swallow” sounds. If not, then special speech therapy classes up to three years will help.

In no case do not punish the baby for poor pronunciation - this will only aggravate the situation. If something does not work out for him, you must understand what caused it and help. It is better to be a friend and adviser than a strict supervisor.

At the first stages, adults sometimes face certain difficulties, because in order to fully communicate with a child, it is necessary to be careful in expressions and carefully adjust the usual conversational style. But with the desire and perseverance, learning to “safe” communicate with children and teach them to speak correctly is not at all difficult. Try to never raise your intonation, as this can only scare the baby.

Speech therapy classes for children at home involve not only live communication, but also a variety of games. In this case, you can not do without special training and certain knowledge. Communication helps to deliver competent speech, improve hearing and “tune” breathing. Active games develop fine motor skills. As practice shows, some parents do not know how to properly interest children in order to conduct an interesting cognitive “lesson”. It is in this case that exciting and entertaining entertainment will help you tune in the right way.

Speech therapy classes, which are held at home or at a specialist’s appointment, must necessarily include a whole range of exercises:

1. Articulation gymnastics;
2. Finger games for children of three years;
3. Special exercises in logarithmics;
4. Reading simple nursery rhymes.

Exercises should last no more than five minutes, so as not to overwork the child's body. Gradually, the time interval can be increased - it is enough to devote no more than 20 minutes a day to the learning process. Be sure to observe how the fidget reacts to speech therapy classes. Do not force him, so you will beat off all desire to learn. If certain problems arise at this stage, then it is wiser to seek help from a qualified specialist so as not to inadvertently “break wood”.

Correct sound pronunciation

Every parent wants their offspring to start talking clearly as early as possible, but this requires a lot of effort. Effective speech therapy classes for children 3 years old at home are built on comprehensive imitation. Its essence is quite simple - the adult speaks, and the child repeats. It seems nothing complicated, but even here there are some subtleties. In order for children's imitation to be as meaningful and effective as possible, it is necessary to associate the words used with the active activity of the baby.

Any speech therapy classes up to three years old should be accompanied by an excellent mood, joyful laughter and exciting fun - no strictness or raised tones, because you are engaged in the formation of speech in children, and not training a pet. If your beloved child does not pronounce specific sounds well, you need to seek help from a speech therapist. But even if he speaks incorrectly, do not limit his communication. Let it sound incomprehensible and distorted, but the baby is trying, and it's worth a lot. Practice is important element in the development of speech in young children of three years.

It is recommended to focus on the regular replenishment of the verb dictionary. There is a pattern that the more different verbs in the children's vocabulary, the higher the level of development. To begin with, it is enough to use words that are easy to understand: “am-am” or “top-top”. Gradually, more complex verb forms should be given as an example. So that the process of assimilation new information passed more actively, it is desirable to use auxiliary items - favorite toys or bright pictures.

Varieties of active games

Finger games contribute to the development of good motor skills. It is most effective to do them at home, devoting five minutes a day to this - just enough to short time achieve decent results. A direct relationship has been proven between active hand movements and the speech center, so teach your baby these simple gestures. popular and effective games on the fingers are considered:

• "The bird is flying";
• "Kitty";
• "Chicks in the Nest"
• "Flower".

Memorizing small poems using "finger" gestures not only develops speech and motor skills, but also stimulates spatial imagination. The kid remembers whole sentences more easily, and his speech becomes expressive.

Articulation gymnastics is considered effective way development of literate speech in children at the age of three. It is extremely important to train the language in order to improve the clarity of the pronunciation of individual sounds. This requires performing specific exercises to develop the flexibility of the muscles of the tongue. Special attention must be paid to the lips, as they are also involved in the process of forming sound pronunciation. You can perform simple facial exercises several days a week.

A mandatory attribute of articulation gymnastics is a mirror. Thanks to him, the baby has the opportunity to observe his manipulations, as well as how the language works. Regular repetition of the same action will allow you to bring the performance of gymnastics to full automatism - this is extremely important. It is enough to conduct speech therapy classes for children of three years several times a day, devoting no more than ten minutes to this.

Focusing on Logistics

Logorhythm implies the simultaneous use of speech and motor activity under the fun musical accompaniment. An adult only needs to read a short poem, actively gesticulating with his hands. The kid must repeat all this, but only in his "repertoire". Experts recommend conducting such speech therapy classes with a child in the afternoon.

Depending on the individual features organism, which are only formed at the age of three, and some other (both internal and external) factors, the end result from classes manifests itself in different ways. Some children immediately grasp everything “on the fly” and after a few weeks they confidently pronounce the words. Others take a little longer to adapt and get used to. In any case, the result will only be positive. As they say, there is a time for everything, but the most important thing is not to miss this time at the very beginning, when problems only made themselves felt.

Read more:

Early childhood(2-3 years) – milestone in the development of a child's speech.

At this time, children are interested in everything that happens around them.

It is important for parents to support the baby in every possible way in his endeavors, because the main guides to the world of new information are the adults of the immediate environment.

You need to make sure that the child is normal physically and emotionally.

There are conditional norms for the development of children (height, skills, abilities, vocabulary of the child).

They should be taken into account, but you should not go in cycles in case of inconsistency.

It is better to contact a specialist who will compare all the factors influencing development and give a professional assessment of the development of your child.

Features of speech therapy in 2-3 years

The main task of an adult when working with children early age- cause onomatopoeia in any form.

Taking into account the psychology of children of 2-3 years old, classes should be carried out in the form of outdoor games, varied and not long in time.

It is important to establish emotional contact with the child, to interest him, to gain trust, to encourage activity, to praise.

This will help to avoid many psychological problems associated with fear of speech.

Development of general imitation

General imitation is the copying of movements, actions, facial expressions.

The child reproduces the movements that he sees, and successfully remembers them with repeated repetition.

The imitation mechanism works on a subconscious level in everyday life, and educators and speech therapists use it consciously when conducting classes with children.

It is important that the child is in the correct speech environment, that is, it is better to limit communication with people with speech defects. Watch your behavior - words should not run counter to actions.

The development of general imitation begins with the repetition of elementary movements, then several actions are performed simultaneously. The next stage is the execution of a whole chain of actions that are logically connected and, as a rule, socially significant (for example, feed the doll and put her to bed).

When dealing with children, follow some rules: your sentences should be clear, simple and not too long; adult speech - emotionally bright, calm, not loud.

General imitation games can be played with one child or with several (usually 3-5 children).

But! Keep in mind that when playing in a group, children imitate not only an adult, but also each other.

General imitation games

• . The meaning of the game is to follow the commands of an adult (hands up, hands to the sides, jump, clap your hands). To maintain interest and attention, invite the children to choose a leader from among themselves.
• Birdies. Children play birds. An adult comments on each movement: “We fly like birds! Let's wave our wings up and down! Now the birds are pecking at the grains! Gradually the pace of the game increases.
• Hands. A series of movements with the palms is performed:

“Palms up (put palms on the table with the outer side down)!

Palms down (turn palms over)!

And now they are on the side (put your palms on the edge)!

And squeezed into a fist (we squeeze our palms into fists)!

speech imitation

The reproduction by a child of sounds, words, phrases is called speech imitation.

It is meaningful only when speech is closely connected with the actions of the child.

An adult should stimulate the child's speech with questions.

Words for repetition must be pronounced many times, do not repeat after the child his “substitute words”. The answers of the child are accepted in any form.

The most important thing is to do everything possible so that the child does not hesitate to speak.

Speech imitation goes through several stages:

1. Copying sounds that have a certain meaning.
2. Repetition of amorphous words (kup-kup - swim, am-am - eat, lala - doll).
3. Repetition simple words(baba, grandfather, drink).
4. Repetition of short phrases: “Give me juice! Where is the spoon?

Pay close attention to the use of verbs. If there are many words-actions in the child's speech, his level of development is quite high.

Games with speech imitation

An effective way to induce speech imitation is the use of poetic texts - the completion of words and phrases by creating pauses when reading poetry.

For example:

They love very much ... (monkeys)

Eat sweet ... (bananas).

We are like monkeys ... (similar)

And we love bananas ... (too).

Gradually, the number of pauses (words skipped by an adult) can be increased, thereby increasing the child's vocabulary.

Games in the form of a conversation are fascinating: an adult repeats a word several times, then asks the child a question, the answer to which is the highlighted word. If the answer to the question is correct, the adult praises the child, in case of an incorrect answer, he answers the question himself or offers several answers.

The role of the book

The book introduces the child to the world around him; develops logical and imaginative thinking, memory, imagination; expands vocabulary; teaches how to make sentences correctly.

Through reading, the child learns to listen and concentrate.

Family reading is a way of communication between parents and children, good method education and recreation.

Psychologists believe that children to whom parents read books are more emotionally balanced and self-confident.

Book material for classes

The main features of a good book for a child 2-3 years old:

• High quality illustrations.

High-quality images attract the child, do not move his attention beyond the boundaries of the picture. In high-quality publications, the drawings are usually bright, clear, “spacious” (against a light background, for better visual perception child), realistic, the images of the bodies of the heroes are proportional. High-quality illustrations develop the aesthetic taste of the baby. Communication with a book for a baby is the first acquaintance with the world of art.

• Conciseness of the text.

At 2-3 years old, children still cannot listen to long fairy tales, so short rhythmic works (poems, songs, ditties, counting rhymes,) and short stories and fairy tales are the optimal choice for toddlers.

List of books for young children:

1. Russians folk tales("Turnip", "Teremok", "Gingerbread Man", "Ryaba Hen"). Contribute to development logical thinking. For example, in the fairy tale "Turnip", the kid remembers the heroes in the order in which the heroes pulled the turnip - an excellent exercise for developing memory and logic.

• A. Barto (collection "Toys");
• K. Chukovsky ("Tales");
• S. Marshak ("Poems and Tales");
• lively, perky and humorous collections of poems by I. Tokmakova “Where the fish sleeps”, “The sun walks in a circle”;
• unusual, with non-standard rhymes, poems by G. Sapgir "Wonder Forests";
• S. Mikhalkov (“The most beloved fairy tales and poems for kids”) is known for his ability to tell children about their pranks and disobedience in a light humorous form.

4. Tales of foreign writers. A prominent representative is D. Donaldson. The most famous works are the fairy tale "The Gruffalo" (about a little mouse who was able to outwit the terrible monster Gruffalo), "The Gruffalo's Daughter" (the useful idea is well tracked in the book - you should not go far without asking your parents, it can be dangerous).

5. Educational books - help children learn to draw, glue, sculpt.

Influence of motility

The development of speech directly depends on the development of fine motor skills, since the parts of the brain responsible for speech and movement are interdependent and are located nearby.

There are many different manuals and toys on the market for the development of fine motor skills, but to play with a child, you do not need special expensive toys.

In fact, every home has everything you need - beans, pasta, buttons, lids, jars, etc.

The sooner work on the development of fine motor skills is started, the sooner it will begin to bear fruit.

sensory development

Sensory development is the child's ideas about the external features of objects: their color, size, shape, taste, smell, etc.

A child of 2-3 years old is already able to name about 6 colors without errors, fold a pyramid, lay out figures various shapes into the corresponding holes on the board, assemble a mosaic of 4 parts, draw lines (long, short, rounded, vertical, horizontal) within the sheet.

fun workout

Outdoor games strengthen the muscles of the child's body, are the prevention of flat feet, develop coordination of movement, and contribute to the development of motor skills and speech.

Types of outdoor games:

• different types of walking (side step, walking on heels, toes);
• climbing, overcoming obstacles;
• ball games;
• balance exercises (sliding down a hill, walking on an inclined bench).

Articulatory gymnastics for stuttering

Stuttering is a speech problem that is sometimes difficult to treat. Success can only be achieved through daily practice.

Articulatory gymnastics for stuttering is one of the best, because it is aimed at strengthening the muscles of the articulatory apparatus.

Exercise examples:

• inflate cheeks, release air, inflate each cheek in turn;
• clap your lips against each other (like a fish);
• press the tongue on one or the other cheek in turn;
• puff out your cheeks, while closing your mouth, then hit your cheeks with your fists to let out air with noise;
• bite the top, then the bottom lip.

Age early development(2-3 years) is a short but truly unique period of life when the children's brain is programmed for intensive formation and learning. Parents should pay special attention to the child, because it is at this time that the foundation is laid for the development of speech and thinking of the baby.

The delay in the development of speech can be caused by a variety of reasons. Some of them lie in the biological area of ​​a child's life. Violations in the development of the hearing aid, late development of speech skills due to hereditary traits, frequent illnesses of the baby. Other reasons are hidden in the social plane, when parents pay little attention to the child, a negative atmosphere reigns in the family, the baby grows up in an atmosphere of misunderstanding and neglect of parental responsibilities.

Lack of parental attention may be one of the reasons for delayed speech development

Why can a child not speak at 2-3 years old?

It is necessary to look for the reason for the silence of a 2-3-year-old baby not only in anatomical pathologies, but also the manner of communication between parents and a child means a lot. Some mothers surround their little peanuts with excessive guardianship, which leads to lack of demand for speech. It is necessary for the baby to wish something, the mother grants the wish. Actively using gestures and facial expressions in communication with babies 1-3 years old, you involuntarily slow down the development of their speech.

It is a mistake to think that being in an environment abounding in information media (TV, radio), a child will quickly learn to talk. The chaotic speech flow forms a "noise curtain" that the child does not perceive.

Moreover, when trying to speak, the baby says long, meaningless phrases, imitating what he heard from the TV or radio. Parents should learn to talk to their child, and not talk in front of him or entertain him with cartoons.

It is difficult to develop speech skills where parents justify the lack of communication with a lack of time or simply do not want to talk much with the baby. Relying on speech therapists and kindergarten teachers is a mistake, because children get their first speech skills in the family. In addition, the development of fine motor skills and articulation is important for kids. Regular exercise (self-massage of hands, finger gymnastics, didactic games) help improve speech.

Cartoons so beloved by kids can actually slow down speech development

Seven simple and wise advice from speech therapists will help adults build their communication with the child correctly so that his speech develops quickly. Let's take a look at each of them:

1. Support and encourage the activity of the child, openly express joy when the baby tries to pronounce sounds and syllables.
2. Help your treasure, buy didactic games. Puzzles, split pictures, picture blocks, insert games will help develop fine motor skills.
3. Come up with finger games for the crumbs. The fingertips are replete with nerve endings that affect the stimulation of the motor area of ​​the brain. A simple game has long been invented in which each finger is given the names of family members. Finger the baby's fingers and come up with different stories so that all fingers are included in the story.
4. Be sure to read books with your child, tell him stories, learn poems by heart, sing songs. Take the works of famous children's writers (Mikhalkov, Barto, Bianchi, Marshak, Chukovsky) as your assistants.
5. Everything that you see with your child, discuss in detail. Where the car is going, why the bird is singing merrily outside the window, what kind of job dad has, what the kids are playing in the yard - any event or action should be accompanied by detailed verbal explanations.
6. Tell your child about domestic and wild animals, teach him the "language" of animals and birds. Cows say "moo-moo", a sparrow chirps - "chirp chirp".
7. Memorize funny children's poems with your child about the "Thieving Magpie", a clubfoot bear, about Tanya and her ball. Call grandmothers for help, they usually know a lot of such rhymes.

The more mother communicates with the child (reads books, learns poems, talks), the faster he will learn to speak well

Basics for developing speech at home

Home basic exercises will help you develop your child's speech (more in the article:). The simplest of them is “tell mom”. The exercise is used in communication with small children, under the age of one, who are just learning to reproduce sounds. For older children, more complex techniques should be used that stimulate the child's meaningful understanding of speech, its meaning, and the conscious pronunciation of words.

Joint cognition of objects

Having crossed the one-year milestone, children begin to actively get acquainted with the world around them. The interest of kids extends to all objects in the house. Come to the rescue of your treasure, describe his every movement aloud, in simple sentences. Talk about each subject that interests him. If the son took a spoon, tell him what he is holding, what it is for, what the object is called, do not be lazy to repeat your explanation several times so that the baby remembers.

Viewing and studying pictures

For this exercise, stock up on a variety of children's picture books. Publishing houses offer excellent illustrated books of various headings. For example, the section "Who am I?", which tells about animals.

Picture books or flashcards help build a child's vocabulary

Looking at the pictures, point the baby to the image of the dog, ask him how she “talks”, say “woof-woof”. Learning animals and their "language" will make it easier for you to teach your baby to pronounce individual sounds. Pay more attention to those animals that you meet with him on the street, clearly showing and talking about them. A little time will pass, and when a child sees a dog or a cat on the street, the child will suddenly say “meow” or “woof”.

sound education

Indicate actions that the baby can understand with simple sounds. The child claps his hands - say "clap-clap", the baby fell - do not rush to pick him up and groan, say "bang, bang, boom." The game amuses young children, they accept it, they may even fall on purpose to hear “boom or bang” again. In addition, you help the child learn that each movement can be voiced.

How to encourage a child to speak?

When studying sounds with your child, ask him to repeat what you say. For example, you say "woof-woof", have the baby repeat after you. If he can’t reproduce the sounds accurately, don’t worry, repeat with him what he did. Your main task in this speech therapy exercise is to encourage the child to pronounce sounds. Be sure to reward the baby for any sounds, even if they are not similar to those that you offered him.

Any attempts by the child to talk must be encouraged.

Learn to imitate adult speech

When arranging speech therapy classes for children 2-3 years old, follow the main rule of communication with the baby: never distort words.

A child is a great imitator, he imitates cartoon characters and mom and dad. If you talk to him, distorting the words, he will perceive such sounds as correct and begin to repeat them. Try to pronounce words clearly, only occasionally using diminutive or inverted forms.

The next stage is sound pronunciation. If you want to teach your child simple sounds, clothe classes with him in game form. Use the following exercises:

• Pipe. Musical instruments always arouse curiosity and interest in children, they help non-speaking children learn sounds more easily. You can buy a toy in a store or imitate playing an instrument with your fingers. Show your baby how the flute sounds by saying "doo-doo-doo", then ask him to repeat the sounds.
• Driving a car. Favorite game of all children. Sit your son or daughter on your lap, start the engine, and let's go. Turn the steering wheel, honk, saying "beep". Kids really like this trip, they play it with pleasure and quickly learn to “beep”.
• Home zoo. Gather Stuffed Toys or animal magnets in one place and arrange a tour of the home zoo, inviting the child to pronounce the sounds that this or that animal makes with you. They will help to master the sounds and cartoons about animals.

Imitating the voices of various animals is a great exercise for a child.

How to develop phonemic awareness?

The development of phonemic hearing is necessary for children to correctly recognize the phonemes of their native language. Phonemes are words with the same sound base - for example, "boar-bank" or "sleep-nose". The ability to recognize phonemes is given to a person from birth, but one cannot do without competent systematization. Speech therapy offers a lot of fun games aimed at developing this ability. Let's take a closer look at some:

• Get to know the tool. Musical instruments are ideal for practicing phonemic awareness. If you have a drum, pipe, guitar, tambourine in your house - great. Take all the tools and hide behind the door or in another room. Play each of them in turn, inviting the baby to determine by ear which instrument sounded.
• Who is speaking? Prepare pictures of different animals for the exercise. Show the picture to the child and ask him to say the sound that is characteristic of the animal you have chosen.
• Repeat after me. We teach the baby rhythm. Tap a simple rhythm and invite the child to repeat it. Gradually complicate the exercise by asking a more complex combination of sounds. If the baby successfully copes with the task, ask him to tap his composition, and you repeat after him.

Teaching a child rhythm and developing his hearing is a big step towards correct speech.

It’s not worth waiting for quick results from crumbs in a year or two, but regular lessons will definitely bring a positive effect. Time will pass and your little student will learn to master sounds and speech. Games will help develop abstract thinking and memory in a child, awaken the ability to perceive phonemic hearing, and improve speech skills. Speech therapists often give similar advice to parents, pointing out their simplicity and accessibility.

How does fine motor skills affect speech development?

Fine motor skills have a significant impact on the formation of speech. The principle is that when performing exercises on fine motor skills, an impulse enters the brain, the work of the brain begins. At home, you can offer your baby games with ordinary objects. We offer the following home games:

• Find what's at the bottom. Take two bowls, pour beans into one, buckwheat into the other. Put a small surprise under the cereal, invite the baby to rummage through the cereal with both hands to get a gift (we recommend reading:).
• Find identical bags. Prepare 9 cloth bags, put the same material in every three: cotton wool, paper, cereals. Ask the child to identify three bags with the same contents by feeling.

• Cheerful hedgehog. We take thick paper or cardboard, cut out a hedgehog figure from it, fasten clothespins along the edge, which imitate our needles. We invite the child to remove the clothespins and fasten again.
• A lot - a little. The game is aimed at learning the quantity. We lay out the toys into two piles, small and large. We explain to the child what means a lot and a little.
• Coloring pages. Buy coloring books, plasticine, pencils, drawing paper. Let the kid draw often and as much as he wants, encourage his creativity, praise him. At the same time, study colors, sizes, shapes with him.

The benefits of articulatory gymnastics

Speech gymnastics is a kind of speech therapy training that allows you to correctly master the pronunciation of the words of your native language. Knowing speech, it is easier for children to express their desires and thoughts. The task of adults is to teach the baby to pronounce words correctly and clearly. Naturally, at 2-3 years old it is difficult to accurately determine the speech problem, however, articulatory speech therapy gymnastics plays the role of prevention here.

If we turn to the laws of speech therapy, we will find in them wise and useful advice for parents. Use the following rules for speech gymnastics with children:

1. Do exercises regularly to develop and consolidate the acquired skills.
2. Be afraid to get carried away and turn the baby away from classes. Suggest 2-3 exercises for training.
3. Duration of one lesson from 2-4 summer babies should not exceed 10-15 minutes.
4. It is useful to consolidate the completed exercises during the day. Just ask your child to repeat what they have learned to make sure they remember it.
5. Be sure to dress your articulation gymnastics in a game form (we recommend reading:). It is easier for kids to focus on an exciting game than on a boring lesson.

Articulation gymnastics should not tire the child or turn into a serious occupation for him.

How to do articulation exercises?

To train speech, special exercises have been developed that a child can master with the help of adults. Use videos to practice skills. Conduct articulation training as follows:

1. We offer the child to open his mouth and freeze in this position for a few seconds. For ease of learning, we call this pose "Open and close the gate."
2. The next lesson is called Show the Fence. The child should close his teeth and show them to you, smiling broadly.
3. "Brushing our teeth." Ask the child to open his mouth and move his tongue over the teeth, touching the outer and inner surfaces of the teeth.
4. “We draw with the tongue” Having stuck out a little tongue, the baby should draw with it, mentally imagining what he is drawing. A circle-ball, a Christmas tree, a road - everything that is easy to do with a tongue.

If you notice that the speech development of your treasure is clearly delayed, or the baby was stressed or injured during pregnancy or childbirth, you suspect that the cause is a serious pathology - immediately show the baby to specialists. Remember that the active development of speech skills falls on the age of 1 to 3 years, when you must monitor this process and correct it in time. It will be much more difficult to make up for lost time at 4-5 years old, to the point that the baby may have a speech defect.