Development of a newborn baby in the first month of life. What position should a one month old baby sleep in? Approximate weekly plan for the development of a one-year-old child

Almost all young mothers remember their return from the hospital something like this: “I put the baby in the crib and realized with horror that I didn’t know what to do next ...”. The first month of a child's life is a kind of "baptism of fire" of young parents.

Mom and baby first day at home

The stress of the first days, when the parents were left alone with the child, should be kept to a minimum. For this:

1. Postpone all other matters not related to the adaptation of the child and family to new living conditions. Other things can wait!
2. In the early days, minimize visits to strangers (colleagues, neighbors, friends). While in the maternity hospital, the baby and mother were in a stressful situation: the baby, being born, adapted to new living conditions, and the mother experienced strong emotions - from incredible pain, fear, anxiety to peace and happiness. Therefore, once at home, both are in dire need of care, comfort and attention.
3. On the first day of return, it is important for both the mother and the child to maintain the baby's feeding and sleeping patterns established in the maternity hospital.
4. It is now that the mother will need the experience and skills in caring for a child that she received in the maternity hospital.

Don't be afraid if...

And now the baby is at home, and parents have the opportunity to be constantly nearby and watch him. And here anxiety may arise: many small pimples have appeared on the nose and forehead, the complexion is red or yellowish, flaky skin has appeared, the arms and legs are bluish in color. Sometimes parents notice that the child's eyes seem to "run in different directions", uncoordinated or begin to "mow". Anxiety is caused by the periodic crying of the child, and without the appearance of tears.

Yes, in fact, a newborn baby in the first month may have all these signs, but over time they will pass. This is the adaptation of the child to new conditions after intrauterine stay.

A normal complexion will appear within a week, and tears in babies - after 3-4 weeks.

Do not be afraid if the head of the newborn has a somewhat deformed shape. This is due to its passage through the birth canal. Over time, the head will take on a normal shape, for which it is enough to periodically turn the baby from one side to the other during sleep.

Crying is not always a manifestation of a painful condition. By crying, the child attracts attention to himself, asks for food, indicates discomfort and a desire to sleep. Literally, in a week, the mother will perfectly learn to recognize the requirements of the baby, transmitted through crying ().

Often infant cries due to anxiety due to the so-called intestinal colic, so we strongly recommend that you read the article? Due to colic, many mothers simply go crazy and do not understand, well, what worries their baby so much.

Also, the baby can be disturbed by gaziki:

Baby care

The first month of a child's life is an adaptation period that the newborn and the family go through. At the same time, there is a redistribution of responsibilities between parents and the rhythm of life of the whole family changes.

The most important and important thing that a baby needs now is care. It includes a number of procedures:

• Feeding;
• wakefulness;
• Bathing;
• Hygiene;
• Walks on the street;
• Hardening and massage.

Video: Baby care in the first days of life

Whether to set the mode to the child?

A healthy child will establish the "sleep-feeding-wake" mode independently, depending on his physiology. Sleep (up to 2-3 hours), wakefulness (30-60 minutes) and feeding are the main "work" of the newborn. Do not worry if the baby does not fall asleep, as you think, on time. The fact is that the biorhythms in newborns are so clearly debugged that parents can only maintain this rhythm, and having studied the behavior of the baby, they will very easily be able to recognize the "requirements" of the child. By the end of the second month of life, the crumbs will form their own daily routine.

When to take your first bath

Bathing a newborn can be done after the umbilical cord falls off and the umbilical wound heals. Until this moment, it is better to wipe the child, having previously prepared everything you need: warm water, changing table, cotton balls, baby soap, wraps, creams and powders.

The bathing regimen in the first month of life is chosen by the parents themselves. The condition of the skin of the child does not require daily bathing. This is, in most cases, a pleasant procedure for a newborn. However, not all children like to swim. In this case, carry out daily rubdowns. Bathing is enough 2-3 times a week. You can add herbal infusions to the water. The use of soap is also determined individually, based on the sensitivity of the baby's skin.

Video: newborn baby's first bath - tips

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Mandatory hygiene procedures

Hygiene procedures should be done daily. This includes:

• washing;
• Washing;
• Care for eyes, nose, ears;
• skin examination;
• If necessary, processing the navel ();
• Combing;
• Removal of seborrheic crusts on the head;
• Trim nails on fingers and toes;

We read on the topic of hygiene and care:

Video: newborn hygiene - ears, eyes, nose, skin

Walking and tempering procedures are the key to health

Walking is essential for the development of a healthy baby. The newborn took the first breath of air on leaving the hospital. In the future, walks will depend on the time of year and the temperature outside.

The system of regulation of heat exchange in newborns is imperfect, so parents need to seriously approach the issue of walking in the cold season. In some cases, it makes sense to take the child out onto the balcony for a few minutes, or arrange for him to sleep with the window open.

Until the end of sleep, the room should be warmed to normal temperature (). Naturally, the child for such "walks" must be appropriately dressed. Dress and cover the child as you would dress and add another layer (for example, an extra blanket or blouse).

From the second week of life you can start, hardening and by combining this in one procedure. To begin with, the baby can be left in the vest for literally 1 minute, making light strokes all over the body. If the child does not show dissatisfaction, this should become a daily routine. Massage serves as a strengthening and developing means for the muscles.

Observe the child, study his behavior and in the future you will “feel” and easily understand him.

Video: walking with a newborn

Reflexes of a healthy baby in the first month of life

The fact that the development of the child in the first month of life occurs in accordance with established standards, parents can check at home themselves. Below are the main reflexes inherent in healthy newborn babies.

1. Grasping - the child reflexively grasps and holds what touches his palm.
2. Searching and sucking - if you touch the baby's cheek or draw a nipple around the lip area, the baby turns the head and makes a sucking movement with his lips, looking for the breast.
3. If you press lightly in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe toes of the foot, the fingers will bend, and if you lightly press on the heel, the fingers will disperse in a “fan” and the baby will move his foot.
4. There is a reaction to a loud sound - the baby brings and spreads the arms and legs.
5. Swimming reflex - if the baby is placed on the tummy, he makes movements similar to swimming.
6. Imitation of walking - if the child is placed upright and the legs are supported, he will make movements similar to walking.

Video: Newborn reflexes

Reactions and skills of the child

The development of a child in the first month of life seems to occur imperceptibly, but constantly: when feeding, on walks, during moments of wakefulness, while bathing. And, first of all, when communicating with mother, whom the baby is already beginning to recognize. He hears her voice, feels the intonation, the touch of her hands and, most importantly, is very sensitive to all actions. And if we trace the development of the child of the first month, then we can determine the acquired reactions and skills of the newborn, namely.

The first month of a baby's life is magical and restless at the same time. It is necessary in the first month of a newborn's life to learn how to feed, put to sleep and understand his constant requirements. And the beginning of the life of a newborn is saturated with them especially densely.

The first days of a newborn are pretty easy. All he really cares about is eating every few hours, sleeping well and often, having a dry diaper, and getting lots of love. But for you, as a new parent, caring for a newborn baby can seem a lot more difficult. Therefore, focus only on the main points and basic needs of the child.

Child development 1 month of life

Your newborn does little more than eat, sleep, cry. You will discover the child's reaction to things like light, noise and touch. You will see that the sense organs are working hard.

Vision in the first month of a child's life

Your baby sees things best at a distance of 20 - 25 cm. This is the ideal distance for gazing into the eyes of mom or dad.

Their eyes are particularly sensitive to bright light, so babies are more likely to open their eyes in low light.

Don't worry if your child sometimes squints or rolls his eyes. This is normal until your child's vision improves and the eye muscles strengthen.

Let your child look at many attractive things. People's faces, contrasting patterns, bright colors, movements - this is what newborns like the most. Black and white photographs or toys will keep your child interested longer than objects or paintings with many similar colors.

The child must be able to follow the slow movements of a person or object.

What can a baby hear before 1 month?

The baby heard sounds while still in the womb. The mother's heartbeat, the murmur of her digestive system, and even the sounds of her voice are all part of the baby's world before birth.

When a baby is born, the sounds of the surrounding world are loud and clear. A child may be startled by the unexpected barking of a nearby dog ​​or calmed down by the gentle buzz of a hair dryer.

Pay attention to the reaction of the newborn to the voice. The voices of people, especially parents, are the favorite “music” for a child. If the baby is crying in the cradle, see how quickly your approaching voice soothes him.

Taste and olfactory sensations of the newborn in the first month

Babies have a sense of taste and smell and will be attracted to sweet tastes rather than bitter ones. For example, a newborn will prefer to suck on a bottle of sweetened water, but will turn away or cry if given something bitter or sour in taste. Likewise, newborns will turn to smells they like and turn away from smells they don't like.

Studies have shown that mom's diet affects taste. These first flavors will help shape taste preferences later on. For example, a baby whose mother ate spicy food during breastfeeding is likely to favor spicy food.

Touch is important for a newborn. With each touch, the newborn learns life and its surroundings.

In the womb, babies are kept warm and protected, but after birth, for the first time, they feel cold, hot, hard seams of clothing.

Make sure the newborn finds the outside world a calming place. Provide plenty of comfortable clothing and soft blankets, tender kisses, caresses, and comforting hugs.

From the moment of birth, babies begin to react to the world around them. Their reactions to a mother's hug or a loud sound are examples of normal child development.

Doctors use these factors to determine if development is progressing as expected. There is a wide range of what is considered normal, so some children develop skills earlier or later than others.

What should a child be able to do at 1 month of age?

Newborn behavior

1. Turns head towards parent's voice or other sounds.
2. Cries to communicate the need to pick him up or feed him, change diapers or put him to bed.
3. Stops crying when his desire is satisfied (the child was picked up, fed or put to bed).

Motor and physical development of the child in the first month

From the very beginning, the child has a set of reflexes designed to protect him and provide the necessary assistance, even if parental instincts have not yet come into force.

These early reflexes include the searching reflex, which helps locate a breast or feeding bottle, the sucking reflex (helps you eat), the grasping reflex (the one that makes you squeeze your finger when it's in your baby's hand), and the Moro reflex (a nerve reaction that he feels when he is scared).

You can try testing your child for reflexes, but keep in mind that your results may vary and are likely to be less reliable than the doctor's test results.

Emotional and social development of a child up to 1 month of life

• calms down from the voice and touch of parents;
• can focus for a short time.

Cognitive skills (thinking and learning)

1. Looks at faces.
2. Follows the expression on the face of the parents.

Newborn care in the first month of life

If you haven't spent much time around newborns, their fragility can be frightening.

Rules for caring for a child in the first month of life

• Be sure to wash your hands before handling an infant. Newborns do not yet have a strong immune system, so they are susceptible to infection. Make sure that everyone who interacts with the child has clean hands;
• be careful to support the baby's head and neck when you carry him or put him in the crib;
• do not shake the newborn, whether in play or when upset. Violent shaking can cause intracranial bleeding and even death. If you need to wake the baby, do not do it by shaking the baby. Instead, tickle your baby's feet or gently pat her cheek;
• you need to make sure that the baby in the carrier, stroller or car seat is well fastened. Limit any activity that may be too rough or energetic for your little one.

Remember that a 1 month old newborn is not prepared for rough play such as shaking or tossing.

How to care for a newborn in the first month?

Newborn care at home includes feeding, changing a diaper, changing clothes, caring for the umbilical wound, trimming nails, bathing, and going to bed.

Feeding a newborn

Mom decides for her newborn in the first month, breast or bottle.

You may be confused about how often to do this. As a rule, it is recommended, that is, every time he seems hungry. The baby may signal with crying, fist sucking, or smacking sounds.

A newborn baby should be fed every 2 to 3 hours. If you are breastfeeding, let your baby suckle for about 10 to 15 minutes from each breast. If you are formula feeding, give about 60 to 90 milliliters for each feeding. For each individual baby, you can individually calculate the one-time volume of the mixture.

When formula feeding, you can easily control the amount of food. But if you are breastfeeding the baby, it will be a little more difficult. If the baby seems satisfied, has about six wet diapers and stools several times a day, the baby sleeps well and gains weight well, then there is no shortage of food.

Before changing a diaper, make sure that all accessories are within reach so that you do not have to leave the baby alone on the changing table.

To change a diaper you need:

• clean diaper;
• if the baby has a rash;
• a container filled with warm water;
• clean cloth, wet wipes or cotton pads.

After each bowel movement, or if the diaper is wet, lay the baby on the back and remove the dirty diaper. With the help of water cotton pads and wipes gently wipe the baby's genitals. When changing a boy's diaper, do it with care, as exposure to air can cause urination.

When drying a girl, wipe the perineum from the labia to the bottom to avoid urinary tract infections. Apply ointment to prevent and treat a rash.

Always wash your hands thoroughly before and after changing a diaper.

Diaper rash is a common problem. As a rule, it is red and convex. After a few days, it will disappear with bathing in warm water, using diaper cream and a small amount of time spent without it. Most breakouts are caused by skin sensitivity that is irritated by a wet diaper.

To prevent or treat diaper rash, try a number of ways:

1. Change your baby's diaper frequently and as soon as possible after a bowel movement.
2. After washing, apply a "barrier" cream. Zinc creams are preferred as they form a moisture barrier.
3. Leave the baby without a diaper for a while. This gives the skin the opportunity to take an air bath.

If the diaper rash continues for more than 3 days or seems to get worse, see your doctor. The rash may be caused by a fungal infection that requires medical treatment.

Cloth

You will change your baby many times a day.

Here Here are some tips to make work more enjoyable for you and your baby:

• start with comfortable clothes. Look for stretch fabrics; wide necks; loose sleeves, cuffs and ankles; buttons, snaps or zippers on the front of the garment, not on the back. Lace may look adorable on your little girl, but it can be scratchy or even tangle your little one's fingers, so save it for special occasions;
• Attach a bib if your baby is spitting up regularly. After all, it is much easier to replace than clothes.

Umbilical wound care and circumcision

Taking care of your umbilical cord is very important. Experts suggest wiping the area with alcohol until the umbilical cord dries up and falls off.

The baby's navel area should not be submerged in water until the umbilical cord falls off and the area has healed.

Check with your doctor if your belly button area becomes red, smells bad, or has discharge.

If the boy is circumcised, immediately after the procedure, the glans penis is covered with gauze lubricated with petroleum jelly so that the wound does not stick to the diaper. Gently wipe the head after changing the diaper with clean warm water, then apply petroleum jelly. The redness or irritation of the penis should heal in a few days, but if the redness, swelling, or pus-filled blisters get worse, call your doctor right away.

Nails were growing even before the baby was born, so you can get a manicure in the first week of life. This procedure should be carried out every 2 to 3 days in the first month, until the nails harden and stop growing so quickly.

When trimming, hold the child's finger, pressing the tip of the finger down and away from the nail. Gently cut nails following the natural curve of the nail. Make sure that you do not cut too low and do not make sudden movements. While holding your tiny toes, cut your nails straight without rounding the edges. Remember that toenails grow more slowly and therefore require less maintenance.

Although you won't feel well, try not to worry if you hurt your child. It happens to all well-meaning moms. Clamp the wound with a soft, clean, lint-free cloth or gauze pad, and the bleeding will soon stop.

Bathing Basics

You should wipe the baby with a soft sponge before the umbilical cord falls off and the navel is completely healed (1-4 weeks).

Prepare the following items before bathing a child:

• clean soft washcloth;
• mild baby soap and unscented shampoo;
• soft brush for scalp massage;
• towel or blanket;
• clean diaper;
• fresh clothes.

Rubdown

To do this, choose a flat, safe surface in a warm room. Fill a sink, if available, or a bowl with warm water. Undress the child and wrap him in a towel. Wipe baby's eyes with clean cotton balls dipped in water. Movement should be directed from the inner corner to the outer.

Use a separate cotton ball for each eye. Wipe your baby's ears and nose with a damp cloth. Then blot the cloth again and, using a little soap, gently wash your face and pat it dry.

Then lather baby shampoo and gently wash your baby's hair. Try to wash off the foam as thoroughly as possible. Gently wipe the body with a damp cloth, paying particular attention to the underarm creases, areas around the neck, behind the ears and in the genital area. Then you need to dry the skin, put on a diaper and clothes.

When your child is ready to take a bath, the first baths should be short.

An infant bath will be added to the items listed above. A baby bath is a plastic bath that fits inside a large tub. This best size for babies, and bathing with it becomes easier.

Make sure that the water in the bath is no more than 5 - 7 cm deep. Undress your baby in a warm room, then immediately put him in water to prevent chills. Slowly lower the baby to the chest into the bath, holding the head with one hand.

Wash your face and hair with a washcloth. Gently massage the scalp with your fingertips or a soft baby brush.

When you are rinsing shampoo or soap off your baby's head, place your hand on your forehead so that the lather runs down the sides to keep the soap out of your eyes.

Gently wash the rest of the child's body with water.

During the entire bath, constantly pour water on the child so that he does not catch a cold. After bathing, immediately wrap your baby in a towel, making sure it covers his head.

Hooded baby towels are great for keeping a freshly washed baby warm.

When bathing a child, never leave him alone. If you need to leave the bathroom, wrap your baby in a towel and take it with you.

Sleep Basics

A newborn who seems to need you every minute of the day actually sleeps for about 16 hours or more. Newborns usually sleep for 2 to 4 hours. Don't expect him to sleep through the night. Babies' digestive systems are so small that they need to be fed every few hours, and babies should wake up if they haven't been fed for 4 hours.

Put your baby to sleep on their back or on their side to reduce the risk. Also, remove all fluffy things, quilts, sheepskins, Stuffed Toys and pillows to make sure the baby doesn't get tangled up in them and can't suffocate.

Also, in order to prevent unilateral flattening of the head, do not forget to alternate the position of the baby every night.

Many newborns have day and night mixed up. They tend to stay awake at night and sleep more during the day. One way to help them is to keep nighttime excitement to a minimum. Keep the light low by using a night light. Talk and play with your baby throughout the day. When the baby wakes up during the day, try to keep him awake a little more, talking and playing.

Encouraging the newborn to learn

As parents take care of their newborn, he learns to recognize touch, the sound of voices, and the sight of faces.

In the first weeks, you can start a few simple, age-appropriate toys that develop hearing, vision and tactile sensations.

1. Rattles.
2. Kids toys.
3. Musical toys.
4. Unbreakable bed mirrors.

Try toys and mobiles with contrasting colors and patterns. Strong contrasts (such as red, white and black), curves and symmetry stimulate the development of a child's vision. As vision improves and children gain more control over their movements, they will interact more and more with their environment.

While the focus these days is naturally on keeping the baby healthy, it becomes much more difficult if the mom doesn't stay healthy herself. Therefore, make your health a priority in the first month after giving birth. A short fifteen-minute sleep will allow you to refresh a little.

Keep stocks of easily accessible yet nutritious foods such as cheese sticks, hard boiled eggs, yogurt, cottage cheese, fruit, and cooked vegetables so you can eat often. Know that your nutritional requirements will be higher if you breastfeed your baby.

Feeding

When the child is 1 month old, he needs to be fed at least 6 times a day. Try not to control the time of feeding too strictly, let the child determine how much and how often he wants to eat.

Let the baby sleep enough at 1 month, be sensitive to his signals.

Even at this early stage, try to put the baby in his crib when he is tired, but not yet asleep. Most young children go to bed shortly after feeding, and their "sleep window" can be very short.

Behavior

Perhaps you will observe early smiles when the newborn is one month old. But most likely this will be due to their reflexes, and not to the reaction. Closer to six weeks, the baby will give a true smile. Many children develop colic at the age of 1 month of life.

Motor skills of a 1 month old baby

A 1 month old baby will be stronger than a newborn. He may be able to raise his head to a short time when held upright or lying on the stomach. He might even be able to turn it from side to side. But you still need to give him support.

Your child also becomes more expressive and may start to hum when he sees his family. Be sure to respond to his efforts to encourage these communication skills.

How to develop a child in 1 month?

• provide the child with daily laying out on the tummy. This will help develop muscles in the neck and upper torso;
• turn on the music and try not to filter your child's world. While it may be tempting to tiptoe around at home when the baby is sleeping, this will cause the baby to become sensitive to environmental noise. Babies who come to families with many small children do not react to household noise and learn to adapt because they have to.

All children are unique and go through developmental stages at their own pace. Development recommendations simply show what the baby can implement. And if not now, then soon.

If you have questions or concerns, ask your doctor for advice possible solutions to help you and your baby grow together.

#A newborn baby is an amazing creature. Weak and helpless, he is able to endure stress that would overwhelm an adult with relative ease. Is it a joke - to suddenly find yourself in a completely unfamiliar external environment, and even if necessary, instantly switch to new way respiration, circulation, and then nutrition!

The newborn is very small, but in this small fragile body there is a powerful potential for growth. His digestive organs are able to absorb 600-700 g of mother's milk per day, but this is a fifth of his body weight!

A newborn comes into the world with a sufficient supply of expedient reflexes. As soon as you touch his lips with your finger, he will stretch them out with his proboscis, preparing to suck. Drop some sweet solution on the child's tongue, and he will begin to draw it in, smack it, and in response to sour, salty or bitter, he will wrinkle, scream, try to clear his throat. A loud sudden sound will make him alert - the child will wrinkle his forehead, as if listening, get worried. The baby distinguishes smells and recognizes his mother by the smell of milk, associated for him with pleasant sensations.

But the most amazing thing is that the newborn is already an individual, already a character!

Perhaps, to begin with, one should learn the truth that a child is not an adult in miniature, but has its own very specific characteristics that must be taken into account. Each age has its own characteristics.

You can evaluate yourself mental development your child. For example, check for the presence of basic reflexes:

- "plantar" reflex - you run your finger along the sole, and the child pulls the leg back,

- "sucking" reflex - you run your finger over the child's lips, and he readily folds his lips with a tube and smacks his lips, makes sucking movements,

- "grasping" reflex - you put the tip of your finger in the child's hand, and he squeezes it tightly.

If the listed (quite funny) reflexes are present, your child is normal.

Remember that the character of a child is formed from the first days of his life - in communication with you. The formation of character begins with conditioned reflexes: positive and negative. The concern of parents is that there should be more positive conditioned reflexes, and naturally fewer negative ones. Positive conditioned reflexes arise for regular meals, regular hygiene procedures, communication, caresses. In everything that concerns the child, order, regime should be felt. The child must feel cared for.

But if you are inconsistent, irritable, and sometimes even angry (after all, it happens that you don’t want to get up at night to swaddle a child, and even if you, dad, go to work early in the morning), then the child will develop a nervous character - and this will interfere him (and not only him) all his life.

In the very first days, as you came home from the hospital, you and your child will definitely be visited by a nurse and a local pediatrician. Feel free to ask them any questions you may have regarding your child and their care.

In the first year of life, it does not hurt to control weight gain on your own using a table in which the abscissa axis is the weight of the child in grams, and the ordinate axis is months or weeks of life. Normally, the curved line that you get on this table should be smooth - without sharp jumps up or down. If for several days the line is kept at the same level, do not worry. When a child is healthy, when he has a good appetite, he will gain the desired weight.

Pediatricians determine the individual due weight of the child, resorting to all sorts of wise formulas and calculations. It is enough for parents to know that their child in the first three months of life with normal development should gain from 20 to 30 grams of weight daily.

Don't overfeed your kids. A fat child does not mean beautiful. Being overweight is not a guarantee against disease.

As a rule, young mothers and fathers at first are afraid to even take a newborn in their arms. And this is no coincidence. They don't know how to properly take a baby. He is so fragile and delicate, small.

You can not lift the child by the hands.

You can not hold the child so that his head is thrown back. The child's head must be supported.

It is not difficult to learn how to hold a child correctly: the child practically lies on your left hand, and the head is held by the elbow; right hand you support the legs.

In other words: it is necessary that the baby's body has three places of support - the back of the head, at the level of the shoulder blades and at the level of the pelvis.

From the very first days, you do not need to nurse a child - you should not, without special need, take him in your arms, rock him, lull him to sleep. The child quickly gets used to such treatment and can no longer live without it, demands it, is capricious. And if the mother, otherwise busy, cannot nurse him again, the child goes into all serious trouble - raises a cry. Like it or not, you have to give in.

No need to panic at the first cry of a child. Come and find out the reason for crying.

There are not many reasons for the crying of a newborn and a child in the first months of life:

The child "went" into diapers,

The child feels discomfort (for example, the seams of the undershirt are pressed),

The child is hungry or thirsty.

In the first case, the child must be swaddled. In the second case, reconsider his clothes (experienced mothers, of course, know that undershirts are put on inside out - with the seams outward so that they do not rub or press on the delicate skin of the child). Well, in the third case - you just need to look at the clock, if it's time to feed your baby. Understand. Maybe your child is just thirsty. Give him boiled water from a teaspoon or sweet tea.

Due to the fact that the baby is still too weak and his neck muscles are not developed, head movements are limited; in less ventilated places - on the back of the head, on the neck - sweat sometimes appears. If it is not removed in a timely manner, irritation may occur in the indicated places - in the form of small dotted red rashes. This is the so-called sweatshirt.

If you continue to ignore it, then irritation under the influence of new sweat may increase. When an infection joins, even pustules occur. And this is a serious complication. To prevent it, remove sweat from time to time with a napkin.

If you are monitoring a child's weight on a chart, then remember that the weight curve should rise slowly and smoothly. By the end of the first month of life, the baby should weigh about four kilograms. But don't worry if it weighs three and a half kilograms. It is necessary to take into account individual characteristics.

The same goes for growth. A normal full-term baby has an average length of fifty centimeters. In the first few months of life, the child grows by five centimeters. But if you find out that someone's child is bigger, don't worry.

Do not forget to pay attention to the condition of the navel in the child. In some children - especially restless ones who "love" to scream - the navel protrudes somewhat when screaming. Sometimes the navel forms, when crying or coughing, a rather significant bulge, sometimes reaching the size of a walnut or more. This is an umbilical hernia, which occurs due to the weakness of the abdominal wall.

If you notice such a hernia, consult your local pediatrician immediately. There are cases - you have to do an operation, but most often the hernia is eliminated by itself, when the child gains weight in a few months and when the adipose tissue develops more strongly.

Never forget that the skin of children is very delicate, and the child himself is still weak in order to successfully withstand some adverse external factors. It is impossible to lightly leave the child to lie on the wet for a long time - in wet diapers; from this, diaper rash may appear on the baby's body. Appear diaper rash in the form of redness of the skin. The skin is inflamed, very sensitive, painful. The child is naturally restless, crying. If appropriate measures are not taken, blisters may form at the site of redness. The blisters then burst, and the picture emerges from an unpleasant one.

How to prevent mischief:

Strive to swaddle the baby on time;

Pay attention to the quality of washing diapers (there may be uric acid residues in the fabric, which, even with dry diapers, can irritate delicate skin).

If your child has a tendency to diaper rash, when changing it, wipe it with a clean, damp cloth - wipe the wet places, and treat the diaper rash areas with a greasy baby cream.

One of the features of the first month is scabs on the scalp. Scabs occur with an excess of secretions from the skin glands. The discharge dries up, and then it is not easy to remove them. Scabs are yellowish, sometimes translucent, sometimes scaly, and scaly.

In no case should you clean the child's head of these scabs too actively, since this can injure the skin and introduce an infection. Even the smallest infection is fraught with danger to the child - he is still so weak. Scabs are removed with a cotton swab with sterilized vegetable oil after bathing the child.

Do not leave the child to lie in one position for a long time. He is still small and cannot turn around on his own. From lying for a long time without changing position, the child's muscles get tired, and the child begins to worry. In addition, prolonged lying in one position, especially in the first months of life, adversely affects the formation of the child's head. For example, if a child constantly lies on his back, then over time his head may be with a slightly sloping nape. This is due to the fact that the "fontanelles" - the growth zone - are still open on the child's head, the skull is plastic.

Hearing of a newborn baby in the first month of life

Some young parents from the first day, as soon as they bring the child from the hospital, walk around the apartment on tiptoe, afraid to disturb the newborn. Perhaps this is redundant. In the first few days after birth - about a week - the child still does not hear very well. The auditory nerve develops completely during the entire first year of life. Accordingly, the baby's hearing develops gradually.

From the first day of life, pay attention to your baby's hearing. It has been established with certainty that the child still in the womb hears sounds - muffled, of course - the sounds of music, voices. By the way, the child already distinguishes the mother's voice from others: this voice is heard louder to him; the child perceives it not only with the organ of hearing, but also with the body - the so-called tissue conduction (do you know how Beethoven listened to music when he became completely deaf? He listened to music with his body - hugging the piano). When the baby is born and brought to you for the first time, he already recognizes your voice. This voice is his own. Talk to him more often. And remember: from the first days, a child already distinguishes intonations well, he will distinguish an affectionate tone from a strict one.

As for the development of hearing (not only physiological, but also musical), try to have your child, on the recommendation of some authors, "bath in sound." Of course, these "baths" should be carried out when the child is awake. In the first month of life, your baby sleeps almost all the time, but now he has grown a little, and more and more often the time for communication comes. Talk to the baby, develop his hearing; let music sound in your house at such moments - quiet calm music, something from the classics, with an easily guessed melodic pattern.

The vision of a newborn baby at first

month of life

The eyes, as a complex optical device, are also not yet fully developed in a newborn. It has been established, and you yourself will notice that in the first days the child cannot yet fix his gaze. Soon the baby will already be able to cope with this matter, but for some time he will not be able to readjust to close and distant objects. He seems to see at the same distance. And this distance is 25-30 cm. Hence the recommendations ...

If you want to show something to your baby - a bright toy, for example - hold it in front of him at a distance of 25-30 cm. ), come closer to the child at a distance of 25-30 cm.

When a child sees your face, let him see an affectionate smile. In this case, he feels protected, and his mood will be better. The kid understands everything. “Understanding” is provided by instincts. They are like an “autopilot” for him in a sea of ​​emotions and sensations.

Touch of a newborn in the first month of life

From the first days of life, a child discovering the world should involve all the senses. We have already spoken about auditory and visual impressions. The organs of smell and taste in a child are also quite developed and "work" - this has been established experimentally. Now about the sense of touch... When a child is awake, he needs to feel his body, to feel touches on his body. This is important for the correct formation of the organs of perception, and for the subsequent correct orientation in space. If the child does not sleep, mess with him more. He likes it, it's good for him.

Swaddling a newborn

Not for the first year, pediatricians and orthopedists have been telling parents that it is impossible to swaddle a child tightly, with outstretched legs, as if at attention. Recently, this call has become especially relevant, because children are more likely to have dysplasia - underdevelopment of the hip joint. The defect itself is small, outwardly completely invisible, but if it progresses, a dislocation of the hip joint may occur. And this will require long-term treatment, in advanced cases, even surgery.

It is very simple to create conditions so that dysplasia does not progress: the so-called wide swaddling will help. The position with slightly spread hips is natural, physiological for the child, it creates favorable conditions for the proper development of the hip joints.

Various panties have been invented for wide swaddling, but it is quite possible to get by with an ordinary flannel diaper, folding it several times along and laying it between the legs of the child, under the diaper. Or, even simpler: using as a diaper not a small diaper, as usual, but a large one.

Traditionally, a child of the first months was swaddled "with handles", but it is more correct to leave the handles free, sewing up the ends of the sleeves of the vest. And put on a cap or scarf only after bathing.

Breastfeeding a newborn

Is it necessary to prove that breastfeeding is the best? It was out of competition when it could only be replaced with cow's milk, it remains out of competition even now, when there are many powdered milk mixtures made using advanced technologies. In these mixtures, the chemical composition of women's milk is reproduced with great accuracy, they are enriched with vitamins and other useful additives. This is a fairly complete food for a child. But it's just food. And mother's milk is more than food. It has something that is not and cannot be in artificial mixtures: biologically active substances, hormones, antibodies that protect against diseases. Recently, studies have been carried out that have shown that antibodies appear in mother's milk against the pathogen that caused the baby's illness.

But, moreover, breastfeeding is of great psychological importance for both: mother and child are one here. After cutting the umbilical cord, a lively warm stream of milk that flows from mother to child binds them again, helping to mutual understanding.

Although the sucking reflex is dominant and is still formed in utero, not all children take the breast well right away. Difficulties may arise if the mother's nipples are flat, not prominent enough. Such nipples are supposed to be prepared for feeding even during pregnancy, several times a day, carefully pulling them out with your fingers. The same must be done before each feeding, and starting to feed, medium and index fingers slightly squeeze the breast at the edge of the areola (nipple circle) - the nipple will move forward and it will be easier to put it into the child's mouth. It is necessary to invest not only the nipple, but also the areola - so the baby will swallow less air, and this is the prevention of regurgitation. The mother's breast may also be too tight for your baby. You can help by expressing the first drops of milk. Sometimes it becomes uncomfortable for a child to suckle simply because the mother does not know to lift her chest with her hand, and she closes her nose, making it difficult to breathe. It happens that the mother hugs the baby too tightly to herself, and this makes him reflexively throw his head back.

Pediatricians have long noted that among babies, actively sucking and lazy ones stand out clearly. The active one, having made several search movements with his head, finds the nipple himself, sucks rhythmically, without interruption, and having “obtained” what he is supposed to, releases the nipple himself and falls asleep. The lazy one (this is more often weakened, and not just phlegmatic), after sucking for several minutes, begins to doze at the chest, occasionally making sluggish and unproductive sucking movements in a dream. This one has to be encouraged to eat, to stir up, wake up, patting on the cheek, sometimes even undress for a minute, so that he finally wakes up and begins to eat.

A great connoisseur of all the intricacies of feeding, Professor A.F. Tour also singled out a group of children who seem to be afraid of the breast - they will suck a little and lean back with a grimace, almost expressing disgust. Perhaps this is a gourmet who does not like the smell of milk that appeared after mom ate onions, garlic or some kind of spicy greens. It’s better not to eat anything so “smelly” at first, but to try later, little by little, checking the reaction of the child. Refuse from such clearly allergenic foods as citrus fruits, chocolate, strawberries.

Normally, feeding lasts 15-20 minutes, but in the first days, while the details of this procedure are being worked out, it can take up to half an hour.

The ideal rhythm of feeding is six times a day, every three and a half hours with a mandatory night break. However, a child born with a low body weight (below three kilograms) is desirable to feed seven times with three-hour breaks, and maybe more often. You can go to meet him and feed him at night, in general, feed not clockwise, but according to need.

A child born with a body weight of more than four kilograms is a candidate for fat men, do not overfeed this. As a rule, babies do not suck more than they need from the chest, but large children sometimes initially have an increased appetite. If such an assumption arises, control weighing before and after feeding to determine how much he sucks. And if it turns out that more than 120-130 g, then additional feedings should not be allowed.

After feeding, hold the baby upright for a few minutes so that he burps air - this will reduce the likelihood of spitting up. And after that, be sure to put it on the barrel, because if he still burps, then in the position on his back he can choke.

The first weeks of breastfeeding are a time of concessions, compromises, mutual accommodation. Feeding can turn out to be somewhat chaotic, but by the end of the month, a rhythm close to the generally accepted one should nevertheless form, and with a correction made by the characteristics of the child.

What is natural and what is disturbing

If an abscess appears on the body, which looks like a bubble filled with a yellowish liquid, with a red rim, and, even more so, if there are several such abscesses, this may be the beginning of a purulent-inflammatory disease. Call a doctor, and quickly!

In medicine, there is the concept of "entrance gate of infection." In a newborn, an umbilical wound is often made with such a “gate”. If, after the crust has fallen off, its bottom remains wet, oozing, a doctor or nurse should take care of the navel. Before they arrive, you can only drop a little 3% hydrogen peroxide into the wound, and when it foams, dry it with a clean, sterile cotton wick.

Sudden sudden changes in a child's behavior can be alarming if, for example, he, who always sucked willingly, suddenly stubbornly refuses to eat. Or, previously relatively calm, he begins to cry incessantly, even screaming, not calming down either after being swaddled, or from warmth, or in his arms, or with a pacifier, or after eating. And if he also does not eat - even more so! Of course, this can happen with healthy child, but it is better not to take risks, not to speculate, but to consult a doctor. This is the rule forever!

What should a newborn be able to do by the end of the first month of life?

By the end of 1 month of life, a newborn:

Starts and blinks at a sharp sound.

For example, from 9-11 days old, the child already distinguishes sounds, reacting with crying to sharp, loud ones, but does not yet listen to them. He begins to listen between 3 and 5 weeks of age. The kid calms down with a strong sound (auditory concentration reaction) for 10-15 seconds, listens to the voice of an adult, the sound of a toy.

Keeps an immovable object in the field of view, i.e. capable of visual focus.

By 20-22 days, uncoordinated movements of the eyeballs disappear. Visual concentration occurs for 15-30 days, the delay in looking at something else is short-term. The baby fixes with his gaze for 5-10 seconds a motionless object located in his field of vision at a distance of 40-50 centimeters. General movements are still inhibited. The kid is still far-sighted, and you should not fix his gaze on objects located closer than half a meter, otherwise he will squint with his eyes in order to examine an object or toy.

In the supine position, raises and holds the head for 5-20 seconds.

For example, already on the 8th - 10th day, the child tries to raise his head if he is placed on his tummy, and at the age of two weeks he turns it towards the sound source.

During this period, the first smile appears in response to the addressed speech.

A smile is a call for mutual understanding, an invitation to communication, an expression of positive emotions!

The baby can make separate sounds in response to a conversation, sometimes the reaction is still delayed by a few seconds.

For example, some babies, as early as a few hours after birth, can imitate if someone sticks out their tongue or opens their mouth. At the very beginning, the child cries or screams, then begins to make throat sounds, which are less and less by the month. In the second month, the baby will begin to make sounds reminiscent of “a”, “kh”, “ah”, etc. When the baby is sleeping, you can often hear soft snore or even “snoring”.

The movements are not yet coordinated.

For example, on the first day of life healthy newborn register more than 170, and on the 10th day of life more than 550 individual and general movements per minute! Of course, we are talking about immature, uncoordinated movements that are the result of excitation of the immature centers of the brain. But all these movements are very important for the development of the child!

Baby at 1 month

Height and weight of a child at 1 month

During the first month of life, the child adds an average of about 600 g of weight and 3 cm of height, in the second month you can already expect a larger increase - about 800 g or more, the child will again grow by about 3 cm. The average height of a child at the age of 1 month is 54- 55 cm.

More norms physical development are described in centile tables: for boys, for girls.

What can a baby in 1 month

The first month of your baby's life has flown by - the most painful and terrible. Now the baby is already 1 month old, and he enters the second month with a smile. There was a smile before, but that smile was involuntary - the child reacted to sensations that were comfortable for him. At 4-5 weeks, the baby begins to smile “for real” - reacting to your sweet words.

By this time, the baby can usually hold the head upright for a short time. It can hold your face or a bright toy in the field of view for a long time, it turns towards the sound source. The first cooing appears, facial expressions become more expressive.

How much does a 1 month old baby eat

The baby is now actively growing, so the body needs more and more nutrition. By the end of the month, the need for milk can be estimated at 750-800 grams per day (110-150 grams per feeding).

How much does a baby sleep at 1 month

At the age of 1-2 months, the child sleeps 17-19 hours a day, of which night sleep is about 8 hours 30 m, and daytime sleep can be divided into 3-4 times

Mode, daily routine of a child at 1 month

This is how the daily routine of a baby aged 1 to 2 months may look like:

Time Schedule

6:00 1st feeding

6:00 - 7:00 Waking

7:00 - 9:30 Sleep

9:30 2nd feeding

9:30 - 11:00 Waking

11:00 - 13:00 Sleep

13:00 3rd feeding

13:00 - 14:00 Waking

14:00 - 16:30 Sleep

16:30 4th feeding

16:30 - 17:30 Wakefulness

17:30 - 19:30 Sleep

19:30 - 20:30 Waking

20:00 5th feeding

20:00 - 21:00 Waking

21:00 - 23:30 Sleep

23:30 6th feeding

23:30 - 6:00 Sleep

This mode is far from a guide to the life of mom and baby by the clock, but only an example by which you can imagine how long the phases of sleep and wakefulness, breaks between meals can be.

Baby health at 1 month

If a child was born in the fall, winter or early spring, in the second month of life, the doctor usually prescribes a drug containing vitamin D to prevent rickets. Both the drug and its dose are selected individually, taking into account the nature of feeding the child (since most adapted mixtures contain vitamin D). Sometimes the prevention of rickets can be started earlier or, on the contrary, postponed at certain indicators (for gastrointestinal disorders or if the doctor finds the size of the fontanel too small, insufficient increase in head circumference).

Development month old baby

Now for the baby the most pleasant and dear is the voice of the people around him, and especially his mother. After all, he heard it in his tummy. Therefore, talk to him more often - this both calms him down and allows him to learn more about the world around him.

Call him by his first name or just affectionate nickname when you enter the room. Talk about how you feel when you change. By changing the volume of the voice, you can calm him down or attract attention. It is very interesting for the kid to watch the change in timbre - from low to high and vice versa - this can attract his attention for a long time.

Another great activity is massaging the fingers and toes. Massage each finger separately, this will allow the baby to feel his body.

A child is considered a newborn from the first day of life to 28. At this time, the baby is adapting to the outside world, after a wonderful 9 months spent in the greenhouse conditions of his mother's tummy. At first glance, the baby looks like a defenseless baby, but nature gives enough internal strength to the body for 100% survival.

In this article, we will give answers to parents' questions about the causes of newborn crying, proper care, care, nutrition and sleep. Why does the baby grunt, grunt, sneeze, twitch and breathe through the mouth. Why doesn’t he fart and poop every 3 days, and if he does, then it’s liquid or green.

In addition to many problems, the mother needs to teach the child how to properly attach to the breast in order to avoid stagnation of milk and the complications associated with this in the form of and. There are enough reasons for concern, but in this article we will try to analyze most of the points and help mom get the most out of having a baby.

What should a child be able to do at 1 month

A newborn should be able to squeeze his fingers, and bend his legs. Mom needs to gently unclench her fingers and legs during the first weeks. Your baby's legs will naturally twist into the fetal position they were in before birth. It will take the first few weeks, as the baby learns to straighten up from the fetal position. Even more time will be required for the pronunciation of peculiar sounds called "speech of babies." This will be a high-profile activity in the initial stages. In addition to crying in uncomfortable situations, month old baby starts making a whole variety of sounds.

By the beginning of the second month, the child is able to:

• squeak,
• squeal,
• grunt,
• sigh,
• groan,
• hiccup,
• sneeze.

The baby mainly makes sounds to external and internal stimuli.

Weight of a newborn girl

weight chart for girls from birth to 6 months according to WHO standards

According to WHO standards, from birth to 1 month, a girl should gain from 800 grams to 1.2 kg.

Boys weight at 1 month

According to WHO standards, from birth to 1 month, a boy should gain from 800 grams to 1.3 kilograms.

weight chart for boys from birth to 6 months according to WHO standards

Growth of a boy at 1 month of age

According to WHO standards, a newborn boy, like a girl, will increase in height by 4 cm in 1 month.

growth chart of newborn boys from birth to 6 months according to WHO standards

Growth of a girl at 1 month

According to WHO standards, a newborn girl up to one month will add approximately 4 cm.

growth chart of a newborn girl from birth to 6 months according to WHO standards

Caring for a newborn baby in a maternity hospital

The main actions of doctors to ensure proper care immediately after the birth of a child:

• immediate wiping;
• ensuring skin-to-skin contact between the newborn and mother;
• clamping and cutting the umbilical cord (after a few minutes);
• initiation of early breastfeeding.

After the first hour of life, a newborn baby will be treated with eyes. Five criteria will be assessed (skin color, heart rate and breathing, reflexes, muscle tone) health status on the Apgar scale. They will make a mandatory injection of vitamin K (prevention of hemorrhagic disease) and after 12 hours a vaccination against. They will measure weight, height and gestational age (from the first day of the last to delivery).

Daily care of newborn babies at home

A newborn's morning toilet includes air baths and skin care. Thoroughly wipe the entire body, especially the folds, with a cotton swab soaked in warm water from head to toe. Wipe each child's eye with a separate swab from the outer corner to the inner. If necessary, clean the nose from crusts with cotton flagella.

Basic rules for caring intimate places newborn boys and girls will be described below, but both need to be washed after each diaper change (2-3 hours). During all procedures, we carefully look at the folds of the skin, buttocks and genitals of the baby. Infant skin is a reflection of his health. Treat irritations with baby creams (bepanten, sanosan, sudocrem, etc.).

Features of caring for a boy

Pediatrician E. O. Komarovsky believes that no additional hygiene procedures (pulling, steaming, lubricating) over the genitals of a newborn boy are needed. World Pediatrics claims that, apart from washing the child's penis with warm water, no action is required from the parents.

Below are examples of how a one-month-old baby shows that he is tired and it's time for bed:

• avoids eye contact;
• starts to get nervous, cry and become sleepy;
• coughing and spitting;
• drooling;
• rubs eyes.

How to properly bathe a newborn baby

Water procedures - the basis proper care for the newborn. For the first month, bathing a child if he is healthy and not vaccinated is recommended by pediatricians every day at bedtime until the last feeding. You can start introducing the baby's body to water immediately after discharge from the hospital.

Where to bathe a newborn

Before the umbilical wound heals (2-3 weeks), the baby should be bathed in a baby bath, then you can move to a large one, and in 2-3 months to the pool. Before each bath, the bath should be washed with hot water and soap.

What water should be for swimming

Bathing a newborn boiled water until complete healing of the umbilical wound. The water temperature should be 37 degrees, and in the room not lower than 25. With potassium permanganate (weak solution), if desired, bathe 1-2 times a week. With soap, be sure to 1-2 times, but not more often, it dries the skin.

What herbal infusions can be added to water

• succession;
• chamomile;
• sage;
• calendula.

bathing process

Lay the child back down in the water with one hand behind the head. With the other hand, pour some water over the baby while talking affectionately and smiling.

After swimming

Gently place the newborn on a soft towel and wrap. Gently dab wet skin without rubbing. There should not be a huge temperature difference in the rooms.

Baby development at 1 month

A child in the first month of life needs, first of all, maternal care and love, which has a great influence on the development of the brain of a newborn. Warmth and a sense of security helps the baby create new brain cells and connect with each other.

This contributes to:

• perception of new ideas and information;
• a sense of security and confidence;
• growth of a healthy organism.

Why do you cry a lot

• hunger;
• pain;
• fear;
• fatigue;
• reaction to smell
• loneliness;
• no mood.
• and many others. others

Using the developed senses of taste and smell, the newborn distinguishes breast milk from other liquids. The baby has a sweet tooth and wrinkle its nose every time it tastes sour and bitter.

When do newborns begin to see and hear?

A newborn baby can see faces and objects of different colors, sizes and shapes. By the end of the first month, the baby should calmly be able to distinguish the voices of his parents from other people. Adults are surprised by the ability of the baby to adjust the body to their arms and shoulders.

After long months in the womb, the baby recognizes the mother's voice. When you turn on calm music, the baby will calm down and listen.

How and what babies see after birth

The best distance for visual perception of the child in the first month will be from 20.3 to 30.5 cm. While feeding a newborn or holding in her arms, the mother's face is clearly visible to the baby. But if the mother is a little further away, the baby's eyes will begin to squint and wander. Do not worry during the first months, the look is normal.

As children age, their eyesight improves. It will become easier for kids to focus on one subject for the right amount of time. It will normally begin to see between the second and third month. If this does not happen, take him to the hospital for an examination (physical examination). Babies distinguish light from darkness, but so far they cannot recognize the whole range of shades. Parents should show examples of black, white, and other contrasting colors. Babies will study them with interest. But it will not respond to pictures with drawings.

How much should a baby sleep in the first month

The child sleeps an average of 16 to 20 hours a day for up to one month. Newborns wake up at regular intervals, both at night and during the day. Basically, children at 1 month do not sleep well due to:

• hunger;
• wet diapers;
• heat;
• cold;
• loud sounds;
• bright light;
• colic and gaziki;
• emotional anxiety.

The cause for concern is:

• sleeps 4 hours without waking up to eat;
• does not sleep for 4-5 hours;
• wakes up frequently (5-7 minutes).

Let the baby at 1 month decide how much he needs to rest. At the same time, mothers should remember that there are no unambiguous exact data on the sleep rate of a newborn baby. Every baby has their own daily schedule.

New parents will have to wake up several times a night - this is an integral part of the initial stage of caring for newborn children. Best Option will just go with the flow. Let your baby sleep when he wants to during the first month. Use slings, carrycots, or basket cribs. Mom or dad can calmly walk while the baby is wrapped in a light sleep.

A newborn's sleep throughout the day can be used to your advantage. Parents need to sleep, especially mom. In order for the baby to sleep better, you need to warm his legs with his mother's hands or breathe on them. Often in a dream, babies grunt and spin - this is normal because the child adapts to our world.

What position should a one month old baby sleep in?

Sleep takes up most of the baby's time after birth. The baby does not know how to choose the position of his body, and it is important for parents to learn how to properly settle the baby in the crib.

Pediatricians identify several safe sleeping positions for newborns. Experts recommend taking into account some physiological features of a monthly baby in each case:

1. On the side. The pose is recognized as the safest for the baby. The child will not choke in case of profuse regurgitation.
2. Sideways. The desired position for the baby is created with a roller from a diaper or blanket. It is so useful to sleep for children suffering from colic, for a better discharge of gas.
3. On the back. It is allowed under the condition of the baby's head turned to the side. The position is fixed with a soft diaper. The next time the child is laid with a turn to the opposite side to prevent torticollis.
4. On the stomach. The pose prevents colic, is safe for regurgitation, helps strengthen muscles. It is recommended to put on the tummy in the daytime under the supervision of adults. A sleeping baby should not bury his nose in a soft surface. There is a risk of infant death from suffocation.

The correct positions of the newborn in the crib during sleep are horizontal postures with the same level of the body and head. It is better to put the baby to sleep without a pillow. At 1 month, it is important for the child to alternate body turns daily for the healthy development of the spine and muscular system. Gradually, the behavior of the baby will tell you in what positions he sleeps comfortably and safely.

White noise for newborns

White noise is a constant sound that pediatricians recommend listening to newborn babies for restful sleep. The baby has heard sounds in the womb since the third trimester of pregnancy. Therefore, the familiar noise quickly calms the baby.

Examples of white noise:

• a vacuum cleaner;
• mother's heartbeat;
• dad's voice;
• fan;
• water;
• birdsong, etc.

Baby food

Newborn babies are born with a developed reflex to breastfeed. At 1 month, the child is well able to express his needs with the help of crying or screaming, and if nothing is needed, then he calms down without anyone's help.

The joint life of a mother in the first month with a child is still exhausting. After all, newborns do not have a clear schedule: they may ask to eat every 2-3 hours, or even after 1.5.

It is almost impossible for a mother to have a normal rest in the first months after the birth of a child. Night feedings should be carried out two or three times, or even more often. No matter how exciting caring for a baby is, you should not forget about yourself, because the nutritional value of breast milk depends on the mother. By choosing healthy foods and following a few simple rules of nutrition, mom provides herself with energy for all the crazy days and nights.

How much should you eat

In the first few days, the newborn will eat little breast milk. The child will have enough nutritious and fatty mother's colostrum. The size of the baby's ventricle immediately after birth is only 10 ml. But the baby will often eat 10-12 times a day. Especially important for increasing lactation with breastfeeding night feedings. If the mother who is breastfeeding does not have enough milk, then at night she should often apply the little one to the breast. Pediatricians recommend that mothers feed their babies on demand.

How much does a newborn eat for one feeding of breast milk

A child on willows should eat at least 6-7 times a day. The daily norm of the mixture for a newborn should not exceed a fifth of their body weight. Do not force the baby to eat up a one-time portion by force; at the next meal, he will finish the missed meal. Since each organism is individual, the amount of the mixture cannot be determined the same for all. Consult with a good pediatrician, monitor the weight of the child at 1 month and, of course, the behavior of the crumbs.

The norm of feeding a newborn on artificial feeding

Mom's nutrition

During breastfeeding, a nursing mother should drink 2 to 3 liters of fluid. Good nutrition is the key to good health not only for the nurse, but also for her child. Do not be afraid to ask your friends, neighbors, relatives for help. They may even enjoy helping you with shopping, cooking, and cleaning. Below are some helpful tips:

• A bottle of water should be at hand in the house. If the mother feeds the baby with breast milk at 1 month, then she needs to drink about four liters of water.
• Eliminate caffeine and sugar from the menu.

A nursing mother of a one-month-old baby needs to eat foods rich in carbohydrates:

1. whole wheat flour bread,
2. legumes, such as lentils and beans,
3. vegetables such as corn or potatoes,

as well as proteins:

• lean meat,
• cottage cheese,
• eggs (read the article about),
• nuts,
• low-fat yogurt without additives.

Monthly baby routine

In the first month for a newborn baby, we offer a three-hour daily routine. A little later, you can switch to a four-hour one. The baby will get used to the new regimen in just the first few days and will wake up when it is convenient for mom. This mode promotes sound infant sleep at night.

Newborns in the first days of life are accustomed to the regime already at the age of six weeks, sleep well at night, or those who before this age managed to gain 5-6 kg in weight. My sons have been sleeping well at night since they were eight weeks old. With the second child, everything was not so smooth, but the established regimen really helped to cope with the difficulties.

At night, we feed a one-month-old baby only when necessary. If you stick to the same schedule, then the baby will quickly get used to this regimen. Well, it remains only to wish you success!

Massage for newborns

To massage a newborn baby from the first days of life is necessary for normal development. Even our ancestors understood the importance of regularly massaging the baby's body. They believed that bones become stronger and healthier.

Baby massage establishes a strong bond between newborn and parents. The process gives not only a feeling of security and love, but also relaxes, soothes, gives the child a good sound sleep at 1 month old. Improves the digestive system in babies. And it really helps the baby cope with gas and colic. Massage develops the baby's flexibility and improves blood circulation.

Video: how to massage a newborn at home

social development

Create warm relationships between parents and other family members. This will help develop the social factors of a one month old baby. By allowing other people to take care of the baby and talk to him, parents make it possible for others to establish contact with babies.

Little by little the kid learns how to treat people. If for some reason you cannot be with the baby, it would be best to leave it to trusted people.

A child at 1 month will eventually begin to enjoy their care. If you decide to leave your baby with relatives, friends or a qualified caregiver, make sure that he is in a comfortable environment.

Gymnastic exercises

In the first month of life, babies spend time learning to feel loved and protected. Love will give psychological and emotional strength to fight disease and the ability to explore new possibilities.

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of dynamic gymnastics for babies. Listed are 7 specific adapted exercises for practicing with a baby up to 6 weeks. We recommend watching the video: what and how mom can do on her own. Go to .

Sensitive Perception

An important sense for a month old baby is touch. After long months in the warm uterine fluid, the infant will open up to many kinds of sensory perception. While he will cringe involuntarily at the sudden blast of cold air, a soft towel and the warmth of his hands will be to his taste. Hand holding will bring him as much joy as it will bring you. These hugs will give a feeling of comfort, love and security. Research results have shown that close emotional connections stimulate development.

Runny nose

Parents will repeatedly encounter colds and. Snot in a month-old baby and nasal congestion complicates an already hectic life for parents!

Often accompanied by cough, body temperature up to 37-38 degrees, sneezing. Although parents should not use antipyretic drugs on a newborn unless prescribed by a doctor. There are other natural solutions that will help during difficult times.

The first temperature in a newborn

A mother's heart just breaks when a one-month-old baby gets sick. Heat has always been a source of fear for parents. This phenomenon has even spread among specialists under the name feverphobia. Dear parents, when you personally have a temperature, does the phobia also wake up? Support your guesses with facts and, definitely, you will feel calmer.

• The heat begins at a temperature of 38 ̊С.
• A one-month-old baby wakes up with flushed cheeks, the skin emits a bright heat. Use the thermometer, all doubts will be dispelled as soon as you see 37.7 ̊С. Which is better, rush to the first aid kit or to the phone? Neither one nor the other. The baby does not even feel the heat at this temperature. Even for the smallest children, the central body temperature is just about 37 ̊С.
• In a child of one month, as well as in adults, the temperature rises from various reasons, starting with physical exertion, too warm a bath, and ending with warm clothes. Even the time of day can affect the temperature. For example, the temperature rises in the evening and drops early in the morning. So, if the thermometer shows that the baby has up to 38 ̊С, you can calm down, he does not have a fever.
• The symptoms are more important than the numbers.
• Many parents are convinced that the higher the temperature, the more painful the month-old baby, but this is not always the case. With a temperature of 39.4 ̊С, he can feel quite fine and, as if nothing had happened, play with his toys. At the same time, I would like to note that a baby with a temperature of 38.3 ̊С may be restless, tired, and need the hugs of his parents.
• Does this mean that if an unhealthy baby feels good, he does not need medical help? And there is.

“Fight discomfort, not fever,” says pediatrician and Academy of Pediatrics spokesperson Janice Sullivan. And remember, a fever in a newborn helps the body resist disease. Instead of paying attention to the number of the thermometer, pay attention to other signs that will show how sick the baby is. “It is much more important to pay attention to the symptoms,” says the doctor. “Leakness and fatigue, for example, are much better indicators of illness than fever.”

What medicines can be given to a child at 1 month old at a temperature

Before grasping the medicine, try to reduce the fever by rubbing the child with a wet sponge. This long-known method can be surprisingly effective.

Use moderately warm water (29-32 ̊С) to wipe the skin month old baby, pay special attention to the forehead and underarm area.

If it seems that the child is not at all well and wiping does not help, antipyretic medicines will come to the rescue. But you need to remember about some important nuances. Never wake a sweetly sleeping baby to feed him medicines! If he is sleeping, do not disturb his sleep, and allow yourself to rest.

How much should a newborn poop in the first days?

On average, a newborn poops 6 times a day. Each child will have an individual chair in quantity and quality. Mom should know - if the baby is breastfed, most likely, he will defecate more often than children on artificial nutrition. In case of a problem, the behavior of the baby will definitely change and you should consult a doctor.

The frequency of stools in a child at the end of the first month should change. With age, children defecate quantitatively less, sometimes only once is enough for eight hours. But still, it should be remembered that breast milk is digested faster than formula.

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Time goes by very quickly with a small child. More recently, the baby was a tiny lump, unable to raise his head, or utter any sounds, or focus his eyes. During the first year, the baby has changed dramatically, began to understand a lot, said the first words, took the first steps and continues to learn about the world around him. Let's find out how to determine if a child is developing normally, as well as how to stimulate the further development of a one-year-old baby.

Physiological changes

• Child by 12 months usually triples the weight with which he was born. Now the rate of weight gain and increase in height compared to the first half of life is significantly slowing down.
• The feet of a one-year-old child are still flat, and they have no arch. If the baby has just begun to walk independently, there are still fat pads on his feet. As you learn to walk, they disappear, and a bend appears at the feet.
• The average number of teeth a one year old has is 8. At the same time, some children may already have 12 teeth, while others may have only 1-2 first teeth. These are all variants of the norm that do not require a visit to a doctor. It is only necessary to consult a pediatrician if there are no teeth in 1 year.

Physical development

During the twelfth month of life, the baby gains approximately 350 grams of weight, and its growth lengthens by another 1-1.5 centimeters. Both the circumference of the head and the circumference of the chest of a child at this age increase by an average of 0.5 centimeters.

Different children develop physically at different rates, but on the basis of indicators in a large number of children of a certain age category, experts have established the limits of the norm for such indicators. These boundaries, together with the averages for one-year-old children, we noted in the table:

When hitting pieces of furniture, some parents teach the child to give "change". Is it worth it, see the next video of Larisa Sviridova.

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What can the baby do?

• A 12 month old baby moves very actively and a lot. Most toddlers already know how to walk independently by the age of one and are constantly improving this skill. However, some babies at 1 year old still need their mother's support while walking or are in no hurry to start walking, preferring to move quickly on all fours.
• Also, a child of one year old can already squat and rise independently from this position. The baby confidently climbs the stairs and climbs onto the sofa.
• In one hand, a baby of one year is able to take 2 small objects. The child takes buttons and other tiny objects with the index finger and thumb.
• A one-year-old child manages to collect a pyramid and build towers out of cubes.
• A child's speech includes approximately 10-15 simple words from 1-2 syllables. One word karapuz can have several meanings. The baby does not yet pronounce all the letters and can confuse syllables in places.
• A 1-year-old child understands the speech of parents well. He knows the meaning of the words "can", "cannot", "give", "take", "come" and many others. He also knows the names of people with whom he often communicates. The kid can already answer a simple question.
• The baby can perform simple tasks, for example, wash vegetables, lay out cutlery, wipe dust.
• The kid likes to hide and look for toys, throwing toys, creating and destroying buildings with blocks, filling crates and boxes, and then emptying them.
• Twelve-month-old baby is interested in story games and knows how to play them. The baby can put the toy to bed or feed it.
• Hearing the music, the baby will dance and try to sing along.
• The kid knows many animals and can show them both on a walk and in pictures.
• Baby knows way to use different items.
• long term memory the child is developing - the baby is already able to remember the events of a few days ago.
• Child becoming more independent every day. At the table, he already manages with a spoon and drinks from a cup himself. The little one already has certain preferences in food - the baby does not like some foods at all, and some, on the contrary, the child eats with great pleasure.

To check if the child is developing at a normal pace, you should:

• Assess whether the baby can crawl, stand holding your hand, and take a few steps with your support.
• Make sure the baby uses at least one gesture, such as shaking his head or waving "bye".
• Check if the child understands your simple requests, for example, to take a toy or give it to you.
• Make sure that there is at least one meaningful word in the child's speech.
• Check if the baby has at least one tooth or signs of its appearance in the near future.

If, during such a check, something alerted you, tell the pediatrician about it during a routine examination a year.

Activities for development

• The main skill on which "works" one year old baby, is an walking. If the baby continues to crawl and is in no hurry to take the first steps, you can attract the baby with your favorite toy. Some children are afraid of losing their balance, so a toy in their hands can help them start walking.
• If there is an opportunity, let's baby walk barefoot on earth, sand or grass.
• To stimulate gross motor skills, offer your child play with big cars balls and other large toys.
• Keep practicing with your child development of fine motor skills. For example, you can attach clothespins to the edges of a coffee can and have your child take them off. As before, games with beans, cereals, sand, water are still interesting and useful for the child.
• Also continue speech development peanut. Talk a lot with your child so that the baby can learn a large number of new words. Describe everything you do and things your baby sees.
• Play with the little one but at the same time, let the baby do what he can do on his own. Play different stories with toys together, for example, how a bunny shares cookies with a teddy bear, a doll bathes in a bath, a mouse invites a teddy bear to visit.
• Include your child music of different genres, as well as the sounds of various objects. So you will stimulate the development of hearing.
• Take care of the little one drawing, allowing the little one to draw the first scribbles with finger paints, crayons or felt-tip pens. The kid will also like to create using plasticine and salt dough.
• Walk with baby in the sandbox offering to play with a scoop, molds, a sieve, a rake.
• On a sunny day, pay attention to the crumbs your shadows. Offer to step on your shadow.
• Give the child a chance play with other kids. If the crumbs do not have a sister or brother, invite familiar families with preschoolers to visit.
• Do it for baby photo album, which will contain photos of all close relatives, as well as pictures of animals. The peanut will consider him for a long time.
• Spend some time every day joint reading with a baby. Buy children's books with colorful illustrations for the crumbs. Give the child the opportunity to choose which book he will “read” today.
• Throw while bathing in the bath small toys that can swim, and then give the baby a sieve or scoop, offering to collect floating objects in a bucket.

Diversify the day with a lesson according to the “Little Leonardo” method by O. N. Teplyakova, an expert in intellectual development.

mental development

The development of the mental sphere of a one-year-old baby continues to be very intense. The child is awake longer and is able to concentrate on an interesting game with his mother for several minutes. That is why all developmental activities should be carried out only in the form of a game.

On the basis of communication with the mother, by the first birthday, the baby develops trust or distrust in the world that surrounds him. If this communication experience is positive, the baby will feel safe, and will also project positive emotions onto the world around him.

In the second year of life, the child actively continues sensory and cognitive development. The kid learns the properties of objects, their shape, colors. In games, parents should constantly guide the one-year-old peanut, because without help and prompts from outside, the actions of the crumbs will remain monotonous. Conducting simple classes with 1-year-old babies, parents help the little one compare and distinguish objects, develop memory, and master everyday skills.

To assess the mental development of a child at 1 year old, you can use the following tests:

• Give the kid 2 cubes and show how to build a tower. The child will not throw the cubes or drag them into his mouth, but will put one on top of the other. By 18 months, the baby will already be able to use 3-4 cubes to build a tower.
• Offer the baby a toy in which you need to put geometric shapes (frame insert or sorter). A one-year-old kid should put a circle in the hole for him.
• Give the toddler a pyramid, offering to collect it. A kid at 1-1.5 years old will try to string rings, but will not take into account their size. Children learn to fold the pyramid correctly, taking into account the size of the rings, only by the age of 2.
• Assess your ability to use household items. A toddler of 12-15 months already knows how to use a spoon and a cup correctly. At 1.5 years old, the child is able to take off his socks, hat and mittens.

Play with the baby and build towers with him from different figures, explain why the tower is falling

Motor skills

To assess the gross motor skills of the crumbs, find out if the baby knows how to walk for a long time, whether he has learned to bend over and squat, whether he is able to get up from his knees and climb onto the sofa. Gross motor skills exercises will include:

• Jumping. Hold the little one under the armpits or by the hands and let the baby jump in place.
• Climbing onto the couch and lowering back to the floor. For this purpose, you can attract the little one with your favorite toy.
• Climbing. Invite the baby to crawl under a chair, climb into a large box and get out of it.
• Stepping over. Having laid out various objects on the floor, walk around the room with the little one, holding the child by the hand. When the baby approaches the obstacle, show that you first need to raise one leg and step over the object, and then take the same step with the second leg.
• Ball games. Teach your baby to throw the ball to the floor, while first giving the ball to the baby in his hands, and then put it next to him so that the child himself takes the ball. Next, learn to catch the ball. To develop your eye, you can throw the ball into the box.

To develop fine motor skills of a one-year-old child, you can:

• Draw with pencils. First, hold the crumbs pen with a pencil and just leave marks on the paper. Try to get your baby interested in drawing.
• Draw with paints. Give your child a dry brush and show them how to leave strokes, and then start learning how to draw with paints.
• Sculpt from plasticine. Roll up the ball and show the baby how to make a cake out of it, then invite the little one to repeat.
• Stick pebbles, buttons, tubes into plasticine.
• Sculpt from salt dough.
• Stick stickers on yourself or on a piece of paper.
• Draw with finger paints.
• Play with laces.
• Wind the threads on a ball.
• Play with water, grains or sand using a sieve and a spoon.
• Screw on and off the caps.
• Play with sorter and insert frames.
• Learn to deal with hooks, Velcro, buttons, buttons.
• Play with clothespins.
• Practice with the sensory box.

Speech development

In the second year of life, the formation of the baby's speech takes place, as well as its rapid improvement. First, the baby begins to understand speech, and then replenishes vocabulary at a high pace and the stage of active speech begins. At the same time, the facial expressions and gestural speech of the little one are enriched. In one year, one word of a baby can mean a whole phrase.

To stimulate the speech development of a one-year-old child, you can:

• Look at pictures in books, voicing what is drawn and asking the child simple questions about the picture, for example, “where is the dog?”.
• Read with a crumb of counting rhymes and nursery rhymes, short stories and poems and sing songs.
• Perform articulation exercises.
• Do gymnastics and finger massage.
• Tell the baby about everything that can interest the little one - about nature, animals, seasons, houses and much more.

Finger games will help the development of the crumbs. Watch the video of Tatyana Lazareva, where she shows how you can play with a 1 year old child.

Approximate weekly plan for the development of a one-year-old child

So that the classes do not bother the baby, are not repeated and include all the important areas of development, it is worth planning them in advance for at least one week. This will allow the mother to cover all areas of development of the little one and prepare materials for educational games in advance.

We offer an example of a weekly schedule of developmental activities for a child aged 1-1.5 years:

	Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday	Saturday	Sunday
Physical development	ball games	Gymnastics to music	Fitball exercises		Obstacle walking	Gymnastics video lesson
cognitive development	Assembling the puzzle	Finding the whole from the part	Dice games	Learning fruits	Sort items by color	pyramid games	Looking for a missing toy
Sensory and musical development	Listening to the sounds of musical instruments	We study smells	We study materials by touch	Listening to children's songs	Exploring Tastes	Sensory box game	Listening to classical music
fine motor skills	Finger gymnastics	Groats games	Lacing games	Finger gymnastics	Clothespin games	Sticker Games	sand games
Speech development	Reading a fairy tale	Articulation gymnastics	Discussion of the plot picture	poetry reading	Articulation gymnastics	Looking at pictures and discussing them	Reading nursery rhymes
creative development	Finger painting	Application	Drawing with pencils	Salt dough molding	Drawing with paints	Game with constructor	Modeling from plasticine

This is just a sample plan that should be modified for each individual child. Be sure to include activities that your baby enjoys in your weekly routine. At the end of the week, do a review of what you have done, based on which you can add some activities or reduce the list of games for the day.

Toys 1 to 2 years old

Toys help the baby develop both physically and emotionally. With their help, the child learns the world, studies the environment, develops imagination, becomes proactive and learns cause-and-effect relationships.

See Anna Gapchenko's video for information on what toys to buy for a 1-2 year old baby.

Among the toys of a child 1-2 years old should be:

• Cubes.
• Sorter with several simple holes.
• Pyramid with 3-4 rings.
• Cups are square and round.
• Boxes of various sizes.
• Toys for the street - a spatula, molds, a car with a body, a bucket.
• Toys that pull or push.
• Soft toys that the baby can put to sleep, feed.
• Water toys.
• Plastic utensils.
• Toy phone.
• Toys imitating household items.
• Musical toys.
• Cardboard or fabric books.

When visiting friends with children, pay attention to which toys interested the little one the most. This will give you the opportunity to replenish your supply of toys with items that the baby is sure to play with.

Many children like to play with household items (pot lids, sheets, a mirror, etc.). Do not ban, but make sure that such games are safe.

Games with cereals are one of the most favorite among the crumbs. How to conduct such classes, see the following video.

Care

Hygiene procedures are important element daily routine in the life of a one-year-old toddler. In the morning, the child is washed and washed away. It is also important for the baby to brush their teeth and be sure to wash their hands before eating and after walking. Before going to bed, the baby is traditionally bathed, combining this water procedure with fun games in the water.

Daily regime

By the year, all children have a certain daily routine, changing several times over 12 months of life. Its maintenance is important for the well-being of the baby. The main points of the daily routine of a child of 12 months are the organization of sleep and wakefulness, as well as nutrition.

Dream

Children 1 year old are more awake, but still sleep about 14-15 hours a night. Night rest on average lasts 10-11 hours, and during the day the child sleeps twice for 12 months. At the same time, the first daytime sleep usually lasts longer (2-2.5 hours), and the second one is shorter (1.5 hours). Babies begin to transition to one daytime nap around 18 months.

wakefulness

In the daily routine of a 12-month-old baby, there are active and quiet games, gymnastic exercises, reading books, walks, visits and much more. In the first half of the day, active games are only welcome, and in the evening they should be avoided. Gymnastics with a child should be performed an hour before meals.

walks

Walking with a yearling is advised 2 times a day, and in good weather, at least one of the daytime dreams should be organized for a walk. It is recommended to go out with the crumbs in the morning at 10-11 o'clock, and in the afternoon - at 16-17 o'clock. Walks should be 2 hours or more. It will be affected by weather conditions, for example, during warm summer days the baby may well spend 5-6 hours on a walk. If the frost is below -10 outside, heavy rain or very windy, you should refrain from walking.

Nutrition

A 1-year-old child still eats 5 times a day with 3.5-4 hour breaks between meals. It is recommended to adhere to the diet, offering the baby food at about the same time, and also avoiding long breaks. You can determine the total daily amount of food for a one-year-old baby by dividing the body weight of the crumbs by 9. On average, children of this age eat 1000-1300 ml of food per day. By dividing this amount by the number of feedings, you get an average serving size of 200-260 ml.

P Breastfeeding baby's diet includes more and more complementary foods. The baby is applied to the breast mainly around dreams, during the day (for example, if he fell) and after meals (to drink complementary foods). At night, active mid-morning feedings remain, which occur at 4-8 in the morning.

Children on artificial feeding you can continue to feed the adapted mixture, offering it in two feedings (first and before bedtime). If necessary, the mixture can already be canceled by offering porridge for breakfast to the crumbs and replacing the mixture with a sour-milk drink before bedtime.

In the diet of a one-year-old child, spices, herbs, salt, and some types of sweets (marshmallow, marshmallows) appear. It is still too early for such children to get acquainted with fried foods, sausages and sausages, smoked meats, fatty meats, exotic fruits, mushrooms and chocolate.

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